高剂量表阿霉素治疗进展期和晚期乳腺癌

目的评价高剂量表阿霉素（ＨＤ－ＥＰＩ）合并环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）、氟脲嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）治疗进展期和晚期乳腺癌的安全性和有效性。方法对３２例可评价的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者静脉给予ＣＴＸ６００ｍｇ／ｍ２、ＥＰＩ９０ｍｇ／ｍ２～１１０ｍｇ／ｍ２、５－Ｆｕ９００ｍｇ／ｍ２,每２１天重复。并与３０例非同期低剂量组比较（ＥＰＩ为５０ｍｇ／ｍ２）。结果高剂量组的总有效率为７１．９％,完全缓解率为１２．５％,明显高于低剂量组（５６．７％和６．７％）;初治的有效率（８０．０％）略高于复治者（６８．２％）。全组中位缓解期７．４个月,中位生存期１２．５个月。白细胞减少为主要的毒副反应,发生率为８９．５％（６８／７６）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ度分别为２７．６％和１８．４％;胃肠道毒性为轻、中度,未见明显的心肝肾毒性。结论ＨＤ－ＥＰＩ＋ＣＴＸ＋５－Ｆｕ方案治疗晚期乳腺癌安全有效,可在临床进一步试用     

HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products affect neuronal physiology leading to cellular demise: relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia

Viral and cellular products from HIV-1-infected and/or immune competent mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (brain macrophages and microglia) affect neuronal function during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Neurotoxic MP factors include, but are not limited to, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, platelet activating factor, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, nitric oxide, progeny virions and viral structural and regulatory proteins. The mechanisms for immune-mediated neural injury in HAD, only now, are being unraveled. In this regard, we reviewed the current knowledge of how postmitotic neurons, which can neither divide nor be replaced, are damaged by MP secretory activities. Linking neuronal function with brain MP activation was made possible by placing viral and/or immune products onto neurons and measuring cell signaling events or through ex vivo electrophysiological tests on MP-treated brain slices. Such linkages are shown, in this report, by select demonstrations of MP factors which cause neuronal dysfunction in HAD.     

Increased nuclear factor-kappaB and angiotensinogen gene expression in posttransplant recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

In an attempt to identify potential markers of steroid-resistance in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) we evaluated intra-graft gene expression of IkappaBalpha, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and angiotensinogen in 60 biopsies from 27 pediatric renal transplant recipients. Intra-graft NF-kappaB expression was significantly elevated in recurrent FSGS (R-FSGS) (218.3 + 55.6 ag/fg versus NON-FSGS 121.1 + 19.9, P=0.04) but not in acute rejection. NF-kappaB:IkappaBalpha ratios were higher in cadaveric donor versus living related donor recipients (15.7 + 2.8 vs. 8.8 + 1.3, respectively, P=0.015), and in African-American versus Caucasian recipients (15.6 + 2.9 vs. 9.1 + 1.3, respectively, P=0.03). Intra-graft angiotensinogen gene expression was significantly elevated in R-FSGS (30.5 + 8.8 ag/fg R-FSGS vs. 16.0 + 4.7 NON-FSGS, P=0.009). We conclude that increased NF-kappaB and angiotensinogen gene expression are associated with R-FSGS. Increased NF-kappaB:IkappaBalpha ratios are associated with cadaveric donor recipients and African-American race.     

Cryopreservation of a small number of fresh human testicular spermatozoa and testicular spermatozoa cultured in vitro for 3 days in an empty zona pellucida

It is known that the motility of human testicular sperm can be improved when they are cultured in vitro for a few days. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is better to freeze human testicular spermatozoa on the day of biopsy (fresh) or after they were cultured for 3 days. A modified, single-sperm freezing technique was used in this study. The study consisted of two parts: (1) ejaculated spermatozoa were used to examine the influence of different concentrations of glycerol and synthetic serum substitute (SSS) on the survival rate after cryopreservation, and (2) the survival rates between cryopreserved fresh testicular spermatozoa (Group 1) and testicular spermatozoa that were cultured for 3 days before freezing (Group 2) were compared. Empty zonae pellucidae were obtained from mouse eggs. Five to 10 motile spermatozoa were selected and injected into an empty zona pellucida. For freezing, the zona pellucida with spermatozoa was transferred into a HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid containing different concentrations of glycerol and kept at room temperature for 10 to 15 minutes, and then loaded into a 0.25-ml-plastic straw. The straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor for 2 hours and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. For thawing, the straws were taken out of liquid nitrogen and placed into a 37 degrees C waterbath for 25 to 30 seconds. There was no statistically significant difference in survival rates between 3% and 10% SSS with different glycerol concentrations. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rates of spermatozoa between Group 1 and Group 2 after cryopreservation. It appears that in vitro culture of testicular spermatozoa before freezing does not increase survival rate.     

胃底贲门癌根治性切除与扩大根治性切除的疗效对比

目的 探讨胃底贲门癌根治手术的最佳范围。方法 对４１８例胃底贲门癌患者施行根治性手术,其中扩大根治性切除１９２例（扩大组）,Ⅰ期１１例,Ⅱ期４０例,Ⅲ期１２１例,Ⅳ期２０例,根治性切除２２６例,Ⅰ期１９例,Ⅱ期５３例,Ⅲ期１３１,Ⅳ期２３例。对２且２术后５、１０年生存率进行对照分析。结果 ２种术式的５、１０年生存率;Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者相似,差异无显著性意义;而Ⅲ期患者扩大组５、１０年生存率较根治组分别提     

三氧化二砷诱导人肿瘤细胞凋亡和G2＋M期阻滞但引起人永 …

目的　研究 As2 O3引起肿瘤细胞凋亡和对细胞周期的影响。方法　采用 DNA凝胶电泳 ,流式细胞仪分析、RT- PCR和 Western免疫印迹等技术检测细胞凋亡的发生。结果　由 As2 O3诱导的人肺腺癌 GL C- 82、胃腺癌 MGC- 80 3和 SGC- 790 1、食管癌 Ec10 9、宫颈癌 He L a细胞凋亡前 ,细胞阻滞在 G2 M期 ,上述细胞均表现为对c- myc基因的下行调节 ;但在导致永生化人宫颈上皮 HCE16 /3细胞凋亡之前 ,细胞却被阻滞在 G1期 ,对 c- m yc基因表达无影响。结论　 As2 O3引起细胞凋亡与细胞周期阻滞有关 ,在肿瘤细胞和前恶变的 HCE16 /3细胞中阻滞的时期不同 ,这可能与 c- myc基因表达的改变与否有关     

大鼠睾丸支持细胞雄激素结合蛋白mRNA在生精周期中的 …

目的 研究大鼠睾丸支持细胞（ｓｅｒｔｏｌｉ ｃｅｌｌ,ＳＣ）雄激素结合蛋白（ＡＢＰ）ｍＲＮＡ水平与曲细精管上皮周期的相关关系。方法 以地高辛标记的大鼠ＡＢＰ ｃＤＮＡ探针在ＳＤ大鼠睾丸冰冻切片上进行原位杂交,应用激光密度扫描系统对阳性信号进行定量。结果 ＡＢＰ ｍＲＮＡ在１－６期维持低水平,７－８期迅速升高达到高峰,９～１１期骤然下降,但仍高于１～４期水平,７－１６期略有回升,随后迅速下降 至１～     

The screening for active ingredient against morphine -induced Physical dependence in Salvia miltiorrhiza and its preliminary mechanism

The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been used widely in China to treat coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurasthenic insomnia and other diseases. It has many kinds of pharmacological effects with low toxicity. Therefore, the study on the function of Salvia miltiorrhiza has become one of the hottest fields in the world. As is shown in our early studies, Salvia miltiorrhiza can attenuate the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone in morphine-dependent mice.     

女性健康队列食物频率问卷的信度研究

食物频率问卷（FFQ）可以用来调查研究对象的长期膳食摄入模式,且具有费用低廉、操作方便、应答率高、计算机处理方便等优点,因此获得研究人员的青睐,是目前营养流行病学中最常用的膳食摄入量测量方法,在欧美许多大规模流行病学研究中得到了广泛应用[1～3].但是对于不同地理文化背景,不同种族的人群,同一食物频率问卷的信度和效度可能会不同,此外由于食物频率问卷自身存在的一些缺陷,也影响它对膳食摄入的准确测量,因此必须进行食物频率问卷的信度和效度研究[4].国外从上世纪80年代初起即有很多关于食物频率问卷信度和效度研究的报道[5～7],而我国在这方面的研究则开展的很少.从1997年开始,上海市肿瘤研究所在市区建立了一个基于全人群的女性健康队列[8,9],1998～2000年开展了食物频率问卷的信度和效度研究.利用该课题的有关资料我们从信度和效度两个方面进行统计分析,本文将报道该食物频率问卷信度研究的分析结果.