中切口切开法重睑成形术

目的介绍一种简便有效，恢复快的中切口重睑成形术。详细阐述该方法的手术要点，重睑成形术所遵循的原则等。方法术前灵活定位，局部麻醉下做长15mm的小切口，去除切口内部分眼轮匝肌及睑板前脂肪．将上睑皮肤与睑板固定。结果采用中切口切开法重睑成形术180例，效果满意。结论中切口重睑成形术创伤小，恢复快，是一种简便有效的方法。术中应严格遵循无创操作，宁窄勿宽，对过度依赖额肌的患者，手术前后进行睁眼训练。     

可控制性卵巢刺激治疗中促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节与卵巢过度抑制

基于促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)短时给药对垂体的激发作用引起血清黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)升高有利于增加卵泡募集,而长期给药导致垂体局部受体脱敏与消耗而有效地抑制排卵前LH峰出现和降低卵泡晚期血清LH水平,从而减少卵泡过早黄素化和取消周期、改善卵子质量     

β-连环素基因在乳腺增生及癌组织中表达和突变的研究

目的检测β-连环素基因在乳腺增生及癌组织中的表达和突变情况,探讨其在乳腺癌发生中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学染色法和PCR-SSCP检测42例乳腺癌组织、15例乳腺单纯性增生组织及15例乳腺非典型增生组织中β-连环素基因的表达及突变情况。结果乳腺单纯性增生组织中β-连环素表达正常,异常表达率为0。乳腺非典型增生组织和乳腺癌组织中β-连环素表达出现异质性,异常表达率分别为26.7%(4/15)和59.5%(25/42),明显高于单纯性增生组织(P<0.05),且前两者间差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乳腺单纯性增生、非典型增生和癌组织中均未发现β-连环素基因外显子3的突变。结论β-连环素异常表达在人乳腺癌发生过程中起到重要作用,但β-连环素基因突变并不是该蛋白异常表达的原因,需要进一步研究该蛋白异常表达的机理。     

图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害中的作用

目的　分析图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害 (MCI)中的作用。方法　选择符合MCI诊断标准的老年人 4 8例与正常对照组 5 6名完成图片学习测验、简易智能状态检查、听觉词语学习测验及多种非记忆测验。结果　图片学习测验的 3个记忆指标 (图片短时记忆、延迟记忆和学习记忆 )在MCI与正常对照组之间有非常显著的差异。已经给出这三个图片记忆指标区分MCI与正常老年人的划界分、敏感性和特异性。结论　图片记忆操作简便、信度和效度好 ,可以作为临床医师筛选MCI的有效工具     

肿瘤光动力学疗法的并发症及其防治

本文重点综述肿瘤光动力学疗法可能发生的并发症及其防治措施，如光敏药物过敏、皮肤光毒性反应、渗出、毛细血管渗漏综合征、空腔形器官穿孔、瘢痕狭窄、感染、出血和其他并发症。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌氩离子激光流式细胞术分析及其临床意义

为探讨流式细胞术对涎腺腺样囊性癌的诊断和预后估计的价值，对４１例腺样囊性癌行流式细胞术分析。结果，平均ＤＮＡ指数为１．１７９，Ｓ期细胞比例为２９．４９％，细胞增殖指数为４２．６７％，均明显高于正常组织。异倍体检出率为７０．７３％。随着肿瘤的增大和恶性程度的增加，其异倍体率、ＤＮＡ指数和Ｓ期细胞比例值也相应增加。流式细胞术为涎腺腺样囊性癌的病理诊断和确定恶性程度提供了有效的辅助诊断措施，但尚不能判断预后。     

Development of specificity in corticospinal connections by axon collaterals branching selectively into appropriate spinal targets

Corticospinal projections in adult rodents arise exlusively from layer V neurons in the sensorimotor cortex. These neurons are topographically organized in their connections to spinal cord targets. Previous studies in rodents have shown that the mature distribution pattern of corticospinal neurons develops during the first 2 weeks postnatal from an initial widespread pattern that includes the visual cortex to a distribution restricted to the sensorimotor cortex. To determine whether specificity in corticospinal connections also emerges from an intially diffuse set of projections, we have studied the outgrowth of corticospinal axons and the formation of terminal arbors in developing hamsters. The sensitive fluorescent tracer 1, 1′, dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorat (DiI) was used to label corticospinal axons from the visual cortex or from small regions of the forelimb or hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in living animals at 4–17 days postnatal. Initially axon outgrowth was imprecise. Some visual cortical axons extended transiently beyond their permanent targets in the pontine nuclei, by growing through the pyramidal decussation and in some cases extending as far caudally as the lumbar enlargement. Forelimb sensorimotor axons also extended past their targets in the cervical enlargement, in many cases growing in the corticospinal tract to lumbar levels of the cord. By about 17 days postnatal these misdirected axons or axon segments were withdrawn from the tract. Despite these errors in axon trajectories within the corticospinal tract, terminal arbors branching into targets in the spinal gray matter were topographically appropriate from the earliest stages of innervation. Thus visula cortical axons never formed connections in the spinal cord, forelimb sensorimotor axons arborized only in the cervical enlargement, and hindlimb cortical axons terminated only in the lumbar cord at all stages of development examined. Corticospinal arbors formed from collaterals that extended at right angles from the shafts of primary axons, most likely by the process of interstitial branching after the primary growth cone had extended past the target. Once collaterals extended into the spinal gray matter, highly branched terminal arbors formed within 2–4 days, beginning at about 4 and 8 days postnatal for the cervical and lumbar enlargements, respectively. These results show that specificity in connectivity is achieved by selectivty growth of axon collaterals in to appropriate spinal targets from the beginning and not by the later remodeling of intially diffuse connections. In contrast, errors occur in the initial outgrowth of axons in the corticospinal tract, which are subsequently corrected. Copyright © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

PCNA在乳腺病变组织中的表达与病理学特性关系

本文运用增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)单克隆抗体对88例乳腺病变组织进行免疫组化研究,并与乳腺癌组织学分级和淋巴结转移作了对比分析,结果显示:乳腺良性病变阳性率为16%,乳腺癌为73.02%,两者比较有显著性差异P<0.01),pCNA指数与乳腺癌组织学分级淋巴结转移密切相关.作者认为PCNA的表达对区分良恶性病变及组织学分级,淋巴(?)转移(?)为客观可靠,是(?)癌预后判断的良好指标.     

大肠癌组织中细胞胀亡及MMP-2检测

目的 :检测大肠癌组织中胀亡细胞及MMP - 2。方法 :应用透射电镜和免疫组化方法检测 5 1例大肠癌组织中胀亡细胞和MMP - 2的表达。结果 :①大肠癌组织中可检测到不同时期的胀亡细胞。②大肠癌组织中MMP- 2表达率 5 4 .9% (2 8/ 5 1 ) ,明显高于正常大肠粘膜 (P <0 .0 5 )。③MMP - 2在淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率为 6 9.5 7% (1 6 / 2 3) ,明显高于无淋巴结转移组的 4 2 .86 % (1 2 / 2 8) ;有淋巴结转移组胀亡指数明显低于无淋巴结转移组 (P<0 .0 5 )。④MMP - 2表达阳性组OI高于MMP - 2阴性组。结论 :大肠癌组织中存在胀亡细胞和MMP - 2的表达 ,2者关系密切 ,且均与大肠癌的转移有关。     

核素、多普勒和心尖搏动图反映冠心病左室舒张功能的比较——Fish判别分析

用电子计算机对核素、多普勒和心尖搏动图中的8项左室舒张功能指标进行判别分析,比较各指标与冠心病的密切程度。结果显示患者年龄和各项舒张功能指标明显不同于正常组。判别方程为:Z=0.21X_1+23.86X_2-22.88X_3-0.18X_4+2.83X_5+2.06X_6+66.86X_7+1.66X_8。临界值为42.99。判别正确率为100％。各指标的贡献率大小依次为EV/AV,1/3FF,A/E-O,PFR,DATI,EDC,IRT和1/3FFd。提示:多普勒EV/AV与冠心病的关系最为密切,核素的1/3FF次之,心尖搏动图的A/E～O亦是一个较好的指标。