用稳定性同位素~(58)Fe中子活化法测定缺铁性贫血儿童膳食铁吸收率

本文报告了应用稳定性同位素~(58)Fe对三组缺铁性贫血儿童,分别摄取平衡膳、平衡膳加大豆蛋白膳和平衡膳加大豆蛋白加维生素C膳时,各组儿童膳食铁的吸收率。测定结果顺次分别为12.0±3.6％、10.7±4.7％和18.1±3.6％。后者高于前二者,差异显著。据此,作者同意国际营养性贫血咨询小组(INACG)以及大多数学者的主张,即大豆制品不利于或降低膳食铁的生物利用率(bioavailability)。本文并结合实验讨论了本法的原理、操作技术及误差控制等问题,评价了本法在类似工作中的重要意义。     

单侧听力耳鼓室成形术的临床探讨

目的分析单侧听耳患者的鼓室成形术,了解手术方法和手术疗效。方法对9耳慢性化脓性中耳炎胆脂瘤型进行了乳突根治术加鼓室成形术,对37耳慢性化脓性中耳炎单纯型和中耳炎后遗症进行鼓室成形术,并比较术后效果。手术后3个月~1年之间进行术后听力评价。结果46耳单侧听力耳术前言语频率气导平均听阈为60.2±23.1dB HL,骨导听阈35.7±17.0dB HL;手术后的平均气导听阈为51.3±22.6dB HL,骨导听阈为36.3±10.6dB HL。鼓室成形术后疗效评定:37耳外耳道宽敞,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色泽;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善23例(62.16%,23/37),听力不变13例(35.14%,13/37),听力恶化(下降10dB以上)1例(2.70%,1/37)。乳突根治术加鼓室成形术后疗效评定:9耳术腔干洁,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善5例(56.56%,5/9),听力不变4例(44.44%,4/9)。结论各型慢性化脓性中耳炎都可作为单侧听力耳的手术适应症。手术时只要注意手术技巧,认真仔细,一般不会造成手术后骨导听力的下降。术后干耳和保持原有听力是手术的最终目的。     

碘杂环化合物对离体豚鼠心乳头肌动作电位和收缩力的作用

采用细胞内微电极记录技术,同步观察了3,6-[二甲氨基]-二苯并碘因甲酸盐(IHC-64)对豚鼠心乳头肌细胞动作电位和收缩力的作用。50μmol/L IHC-64抑制心肌收缩力,而不影响快反应动作电位。增加IHC-64浓度,动作电位0相最大峰值(APA)、除极速率(dp/dt_(max))和复极50％和90％时程(APD_(50)、APD_(90))被明显抑制。IHC-64抑制慢反应动作电位,提高细胞外钙浓度可拮抗这种抑制。结果提示,IHC-64主要抑制慢Ca~(2+)内流,同时也部分抑制快Na~+内流,它可能是一种新型B类钙通道阻滞剂。     

新医改促动中国医疗器械市场竞争——CMEF 2009深圳见闻

编者按:第61届中国国际医疗器械博览会(简称医博会或CMEF)、第8届中国国际医疗器械设计与制造技术展览会(简称ICMD)于4月18～21日在深圳举行.本届CMEF设置标准展位5100多个,展出面积110000m2,参展企业2100余家,观众120000人次,36家国内展团、17家国家展团.除了原已开辟的医学影像区(CMEF Imaging)、体外诊断区(CMEF IVD)、医用电子仪器区、医用光学仪器区、医院设备区和医疗软技术(Medisoft)等专业分区以外,本届CMEF IT展区作为CMEF中新的专业分区,浓缩了医院信息化产业的发展进程,集中展示了医院信息化领域的最新技术.伴随新医改方案的出台,本次医博会弥漫着新一轮市场搏杀的硝烟.     

Intrathecal landiolol inhibits nociception and spinal c-Fos expression in the mouse formalin test

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if intrathecal landiolol, a beta1-blocker, can modulate formalin-induced nociception and spinal c-Fos expression in mice, in the absence of anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-two mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (n = 8) received intrathecal normal saline 10 microL, while the other three groups (n = 8 for each) received intrathecal landiolol at escalating doses of 250 microg.kg(-1), 500 microg.kg(-1) and 750 microg.kg(-1) respectively, immediately after induction of anesthesia with isoflurane. After awakening, inflammatory pain was induced by 10 microL of 5% formalin solution injected into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw. The nociceptive behaviours including licking, biting and lifting of the injected paw were cumulatively recorded as seconds of behaviours/min during phase I (0-10 min) and phase II (10-45 min). The c-Fos protein expressions in the spinal dorsal horn were detected with immunohistochemical techniques in the control and landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) groups. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, intrathecal injection of landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) significantly decreased pain-related behaviours in phase I, while intrathecal landiolol 250 microg.kg(-1), 500 microg.kg(-1) and 750 microg.kg(-1) significantly decreased pain-related behaviours in phase II during the formalin test. The numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in the L5 spinal dorsal horn were significantly lower in the landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) group compared to the control group (landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) 2.4 +/- 1.1 vs control 9.2 +/- 3.9; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that intrathecally administered landiolol produces significant antinociceptive effects in the formalin test. Although further studies exploring the detailed mechanism are needed, these data suggest a potential role of beta1-adrenoreceptors in spinal nociceptive processing.     

Clinical risk factors for fractures in multi-ethnic women: the Women's Health Initiative.

To identify risk factors for fractures in multi-ethnic women, we studied 159,579 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. In general, risk factors for fractures were similar across ethnic groups. However, irrespective of their ethnicity, women with multiple risk factors have a high risk of fracture. Targeting these high-risk women for screening and intervention could reduce fractures. INTRODUCTION: Fracture rates tend to be lower in minority women, but consequences may be greater. In addition, the number of fractures is expected to increase in minority women because of current demographic trends. There are limited prospective data on risk factors for fractures in minority women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 159,579 women 50-79 yr of age enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Information on risk factors was obtained by questionnaire or examination. Nonspine fractures that occurred after study entry were identified over an average follow-up of 8 +/- 2.6 (SD) yr. RESULTS: Annualized rates (%) of fracture in whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians were 2.0, 0.9, 1.3, 1.2, and 2.0, respectively. Significant predictors [HR (95% CI)] of fractures by ethnic group were as follows: blacks: at least a high school education, 1.22 (1.0, 1.5); (+) fracture history, 1.7 (1.4, 2.2); and more than two falls, 1.7 (1.9, 2.0); Hispanics: height (>162 cm), 1.6 (1.1, 2.2); (+) fracture history, 1.9 (1.4, 2.5); more than two falls, 1.8 (1.4, 2.3); arthritis, 1.3 (1.1, 1.6); corticosteroid use, 3.9 (1.9, 8.0); and parental history of fracture, 1.3 (1.0, 1.6); Asians: age (per 5 yr), 1.2 (1.0, 1.3); (+) fracture history, 1.5 (1.1, 2.0); current hormone therapy (HT), 0.7 (0.5, 0.8); parity (at least five), 1.8 (1.1, 3.0); more than two falls, 1.4 (1.1, 1.9); American Indian: (+) fracture history, 2. 9 (1.5, 5.7); current HT, 0.5 (0.3, 0.9). Women with eight or more risk factors had more than a 2-fold higher rate of fracture compared with women with four or fewer risk factors. Two ethnicity x risk factor interactions were identified: age and fall history. CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of their ethnicity, women with multiple risk factors have a high risk of fracture. Targeting these high-risk women for screening and intervention could reduce fractures.     

大白鼠皮肤Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型复制

目的 根据大白鼠皮肤碱烧伤创面早期病理组织学观察复制Ⅱ、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型,研究碱烧伤的临床治疗.方法 Wistar纯种健康大白鼠20只,以不同浓度2mol/l、2.5mol/l、5mol/lNaOH,作用时间分别为30秒、45秒、60秒、75秒,涂抹于脱毛后的表皮.结果 2mol/L(60s)、2.5mol/L(45s),5mol/L(30s)即可直接造成Ⅱ度～深Ⅱ度烧伤;2mol/L(75s)、2.5mol/L(60s)、5 mol/L(45s)即可造成Ⅲ度烧伤,其烧伤深度与NaOH溶液浓度和作用时间呈正比.结论 Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤均为渐进性烧伤,与文献中介绍的潜拙样损伤似乎不同.另外,不同浓度NaOH溶液在相同时间对皮肤组织的损伤及同一浓度NaOH溶液在不同时间对大白鼠皮肤的损伤病理学变化均有差异.     

当前中职学生管理工作面临的问题及对策

随着教育形势的发展,中等职业学校学生管理工作也显现了一些新的问题:生源匮乏,素质下降;独生子女、单亲离异家庭学生增多,工作难度加大;社会不良因素对学生的影响;就业形势严峻,使学生学习积极性受到一定的影响;学生自我驾驭能力和心理抗挫能力较弱。要解决这些问题,教师要转变教育观念,给学生以成功的自信;真诚对待学生,塑造学生健全的人格;开展“心育”,培养学生良好的心理品质;突出专业特色教育,激发学生学习兴趣;严格学生管理,规范学生行为;完善就业机制,激发学生学习积极性。