不同浓度乙醇灌流液对蟾蜍离体心脏活动影响的比较分析

用不同浓度乙醇灌流液灌流蟾蜍离体心脏,观察其对离体心脏心率、心肌收缩力和心输出量的变化。结果显示：心率减慢,但在１０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 稍有加快（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） ,浓度在２０ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ 以上时减慢才明显（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ;心肌收缩幅度下降,其表现浓度越大下降越明显（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５ ～０ ．０１） ;心输出量在１０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１５ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 时略有增加,超过３０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 以后心输出量下降,但不明显（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） 。表明乙醇过量有减慢心率和抑制心肌收缩力的作用,而对输出量影响不大。     

THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPINAL FRACTURE-DISLOCATION WITHOUT NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS

Objective. To evaluate the results of operative treatment of spinal fracture-dislocation without neumlogic deficits. Metods. Eighteen patients with spinal fracture-dislocation were neurologically intact at the time of injury, and all were treated operatively. The fracture sites were:8 cases in cervical spine, 3 cases in thoracic spine, and 7 cases in lumbar spine. Eight patients with cervical injuries had variant degrees of forward slide and kyphotic deformity. Of the 10 thoracic and lumbar fractures, one had lateral dislocation, 4 cases with kyphotic deformities, 5 cases withspinal canal compromise averaged 50% (ranging from 40% to 70% ).Results. The aveiage period of follow-up was 4.4 years with a range of 11 months to 13 years. All the patients returned to full-time work. No patient developed neurologic deterioration. Kyphotic deformity was corrected in the 4 cases, and no progressive kyphosis was noted. There was no operation-related complication. The averaged post-opera-five hospitalization time was 13 days. Conclusions. Despite the rare incidence of spinal fracture-dislocation without neurologic deficits, we suggested that kind of fracture be considered unstable fracture because of its potential risk of delayed neurologic deterioration and kyphotic deformity, and be treated operatively to restore the sagittal alignment and the stability of the spine.     

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF FLUVASTATIN ON AORTIC INTIMAL THICKENING IN NORMOCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS

Objective, The anti-atherosclerotic effect of fluvastatin at doses insufficient to lower serum cholesterol on the catheter-induced intimal thickening and possible mechanism were investigated in abdominal aorta of rabbits. Methods. Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups( n = 7, each). Fluvastatin was given mixed with food at daily dose of 8mg/kg starting 5 days before catheterization. Light microscope, immanohistochemistry, transmis-sion electron microscope and RT-PCR assay were applied to assess vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and apoptosis, as well as oncogene expression in vascular wall. Results. At day 10 and day 15 after catheter induced denudation intima/media( I/M) thickness ratio was obviously higher, and also the percentage of PCNA-positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells in media was significantly higher compared with controls. The intimal hyperplasia was mostly composed of α-SM-actin-pesitive cells. In rabbits given flu-vastatin I/M ratio and the percentage of these positive cells significantly decreased compared with those without fluvas-tatin.The overexpression of proto-oncogene H-ras mRNA and decreased expression of anti-oncogene p53 mRNA were found after vascular injury, whereas fluvastatin significantly reduced H-ras mRNA and increased p53 mRNA expres-sion. Conclusion. Proliferation of VSMC in the media and the migration to the intima can be inhibited, and apoptosis of VSMC be induced by short-term use of fluvastatin after balloon catheter denudation, independent of serum lipid change. The underlying mechanism is presumably associated With the influence of fluvastatin on oncogene expression in the injured vascular Wall.     

生命伦理学研究在21世纪医学和社会可持续发展中的作用

简述了生命伦理研究的四个阶段,提出了２１世纪我国生命伦理学研究的重点应是：卫生保健服务的公平性。结合我国现有卫生资源现状,所能提供的卫生服务状况以及人群卫生需求问题,浅析了中国的卫生资源及需求现状,论述了生命伦理学研究在２１世纪医学和社会可持续发展中的作用。     

羊水过少围产儿345例预后及分娩方式探讨

目的：探讨改善羊水过少围产儿预后,降低死亡率的终止妊娠方法。方法：抽取１９８８年３月～１９６６年１月间住院分娩产妇９４７２例,其中羊水过少３４５例,发生率３．６５％。对３４５例羊水过少围产儿预后及分娩方式进行探讨。结果：３４５例羊水过少,经阴分娩１５３例,剖宫产１９２例,剖宫产率为５５．６５％。胎儿窘迫１４３例（４１．２％）,新生儿窒息１８５例（５３．６％）,新生儿死亡１４例（４．１％）。对照组５００例,肥儿窘迫３４例（６．８％）,新生儿窒息３４例（６．８％）,新生儿死亡４例（０．８％）,两组相比羊水过少围产儿发病率显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：羊水过少胎儿窘迫,新生儿窒息及死亡率均高,适时剖宫产能改善围产儿预后。     

肝硬化患者血清丙酮酸激酶活性变化及意义

目的 探讨肝硬化患者血清丙酮酯激酶（ＰＫ）活必级临床意义。方法 应用酶偶联速率法测定９３例肝硬化患者和５３例正常人的血清ＰＫ活性。结果 肝硬化患者血清ＰＫ活性明显降低（Ｐ〈０．００１）,并随肝功能减退而递减,分别与血清白蛋白及镁呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３４６,Ｐ〈０．０１,ｒ＝０．２５２,Ｐ〈０．０５）;伴有腹水者明显低于无伴腹水者（Ｐ〈０．００５）,肝炎后肝硬化明显低于酒精性肝硬化（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结     

谷氨酰胺对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肠道细菌移位的影响

目的 观察谷氨酰胺（ＧＬＮ）对急性坏死性胰腺炎（ＡＮＰ）大鼠肠道细菌称位的影响。方法 将实验大鼠１２０只,随机分成对照组、ＡＮＰ组及ＧＬＮ组,每组各４０只,ＡＮＰ模型采用结扎胰胆管诱发,ＧＬＮ组制作ＡＮＰ后灌入ＧＬＮ,观察３组肠粘膜组织学和ＤＮＡ含量,肠系膜淋巴结,胰腺组织细菌培养及吖啶橙标记菌实验。结果 ＡＮＰ后７２ｈ,肠粘膜出现明显损伤,ＤＮＡ含量下降,肠系膜淋巴结,胰腺组织细菌培养计数明显升     

Mendelian randomization suggests a potential causal effect of eosinophil count on influenza vaccination responsiveness

Currently, the clinical factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been systematically explored. The mechanism of low responsiveness to influenza vaccination (LRIV) is complicated and not thoroughly elucidated. Thus, we integrate our in-house genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis result of LRIV (N = 111, Ncase [Low Responders] = 34, Ncontrol [Responders] = 77) with the GWAS summary of 10 blood-based biomarkers (sample size ranging from 62 076−108 794) deposited in BioBank Japan (BBJ) to comprehensively explore the shared genetics between LRIV and blood-based biomarkers to investigate the causal relationships between blood-based biomarkers and LRIV by Mendelian randomization (MR). The applications of four MR approaches (inverse-variance-weighted [IVW], weighted median, weighted mode, and generalized summary-data-based MR [GSMR]) suggested that the genetically instrumented LRIV was associated with decreased eosinophil count (β = −5.517 to −4.422, p = 0.004−0.039). Finally, we conclude that the low level of eosinophil count is a suggestive risk factor for LRIV.     

Synthesis and Study of Copolymers Bearing Two Coumarin Side Groups in Monomer Unit: Toward Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals

Photodimerization of coumarin derivatives in photoactive polymers under linearly polarized UV (LPUV) light irradiation is a photochemical reaction often used to prepare the surface alignment layer that can orient liquid crystals (LCs) due to the anisotropic interfacial interactions. Herein, the synthesis of a series of novel coumarin-containing copolymers and their use for the photoalignment surface layer of LCs is reported. These copolymers have the particular feature of bearing two coumarin side groups in each monomer unit, which is designed to have a high content of the chromophores. The alignment of LCs induced by the photoalignment layers of the coumarin-containing copolymers is investigated. It is found that the photoalignment layers can effectively induce orientation of LC molecules along the direction of the UV light polarization used to prepare the surface layers, with an order parameter of around 0.5 achieved by adjusting the preparation conditions. Moreover, the electro-optical behaviors of LC cells made with the photoalignment layers are investigated, confirming the alignment of LCs without the use of rubbed surfaces. Optically inscribing the photoalignment layer for nonuniform and organized LC alignment is also demonstrated.     

新型国产人工颈椎间盘置换对山羊邻近节段影响的实验研究

目的 比较新型国产人工颈椎间盘置换与颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术对山羊施术节段邻近颈椎间盘退变的影响。方法 12只实验山羊随机分为3组,每组4只：间盘组（CDR组）行C_3/4间盘摘除、新型国产人工颈椎间盘植入术;融合组（ACDF组）行C_3/4间盘摘除、植骨融合内固定术;对照组不进行手术。分别于术后1、3个月行颈椎正侧位X线检查,根据改良Kellgren评分法及椎间盘相对高度测量（RDH）法进行评价。结果 动物实验中所有山羊均成活,无切口感染及肢体瘫痪。间盘组与对照组在术后1个月与3个月Kellgren评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后1个月与术后3个月融合组Kellgren评分高于间盘组,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。三组术前的RDH比较差异无统计学意义,术后1个月及3个月融合组的RDH均低于间盘组、对照组,且与两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,间盘组与对照组术后RDH比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 新型国产人工颈椎间盘置换可以有效防止山羊颈椎手术邻近节段的退变。