MRZ 2/579, a novel uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, reduces infarct volume and brain swelling and improves neurological deficit after focal cerebral ischemia in rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of MRZ 2/579, an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, on infarct size, extent of swelling and neurological deficit in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Physiologically controlled Sprague-Dawley rats received 2 h MCAo by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal suture coated with poly-L-lysine. The agent (MRZ 2/579) or vehicle (sodium chloride 0.9%) was administered i.v. immediately after suture removal following a 2-h period of MCAo. Two experimental groups were studied: group A was treated by vehicle (bolus infusion:1 ml/kg for 10 min followed by infusion of 6 ml/kg/h over 6 h). Group B was treated by MRZ 2/579 (bolus infusion:10 mg/kg for 10 min followed by infusion of 6 mg/kg/h over 6 h). The neurological status was evaluated during occlusion (at 60 min) and daily for 3 days after MCAo. Brains were then perfusion-fixed, and infarct volumes and brain swelling were determined. MRZ 2/579 significantly improved the neurological score compared to vehicle-treated rats at 48 h (6.2+/-0.6 and 8.7+/-0.5, respectively; P<0.004) and 72 h after MCAo (5.2+/-0.6 and 8.4+/-0.5, respectively; P<0.001). Treatment with MRZ 2/579 also significantly reduced total infarct volume (29.3+/-11.1 and 83.2+/-16.5 mm(3), respectively; P<0. 01), cortical infarct volume (24.8+/-11.2 and 70.0+/-18.0 mm(3), respectively; P<0.04) and subcortical infarction (21.2+/-4.1 and 49. 6+/-4.5 mm(3), respectively; P<0.0002). Brain swelling was also markedly reduced compared with vehicle-treated rats (4.7+/-1.3 and 10.8+/-2.1%, respectively; P<0.02). These results demonstrate that treatment with MRZ 2/579, when administered promptly after reperfusion, confers neuroprotective effects on infarct volume, brain swelling, and neurological score compared to the vehicle group.     

Dynamic progression of contractile and endothelial dysfunction and infarct extension in the late phase of reperfusion

BACKGROUND: Myocardial injury during early reperfusion (R) has been well documented. However, the extent and time course of myocardial injury during late R are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of regional contractile and endothelial dysfunction and myocardial blood flow (MBF) defect as well as extension of infarction in association with neutrophil (PMN) actions during R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 dogs underwent a protocol of 1 h LAD ischemia followed by 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of R, respectively. Regional contractile function (sonomicrometry), MBF (colored microspheres), infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), and PMN localization (immunohistochemistry) were determined. RESULTS: Percentage segmental shortening at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of R was significantly blunted (-1.8 +/- 1.2,* - 0.37 +/- 0. 6,* 0.04 +/- 0.2,* and 5.9 +/- 1.2* vs baseline 17.7 +/- 0.8). MBF (ml/min/g) was attenuated at 24 (0.27 +/- 0.03*), 48 (0.46 +/- 0. 07*), and 72 h of R (0.48 +/- 0.06*) vs 6 h of R (0.65 +/- 0.06). Infarct size increased from 6 (27 +/- 2%) to 24 h of R (41 +/- 2%*) with no further increase at 48 and 72 h of R, consistent with a peak of creatine kinase activity. PMN adherence (mm(2) endothelium) to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) segments was increased after 6 h of R (63 +/- 3*) vs nonischemic left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) segments (42 +/- 2) with a peak at 48 h of R (111 +/- 5*). Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in the LAD was also blunted at 6, 24, and 48 h of R. Immunostaining revealed CD18-positive PMNs were mainly accumulated in intravascular space during 6 h of R with an increase in migration of PMNs seen at 24 h of R, consistent with a peak of myeloperoxidase release. Myeloperoxidase activity in a given area at risk sample was significantly correlated with infarct extension during the first 24 h of R. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide pathologic evidence for myocardial injury during the extended R and a basis for exploration of interventions designed to limit myocardial injury after ischemia. (*P < 0.05 vs Baseline, 6 h of R and LCX segments.) Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

重危孕产妇抢救探讨

目的了解妊娠并发症的发生和治疗.了解重危孕产妇的分布和预防.方法回顾性分析109例抢救重危孕产妇的资料.结果109例患者中经产妇65例(60%),流动人口74例(67%).子宫全切除1例,子宫次全切除5例,多器官功能障碍甚至衰竭23例(21%),产后大出血休克、DIC,输血抢救46例(42%),孕产妇均抢救成功.结论发生产科抢救的主要并发症是产后出血、重度妊高征及心脏病.治疗原发病、控制诱因.加强流动人口孕产妇的围产保健能减少产科急救,提高围生医学的质量.     

重危孕产妇抢救探讨

目的 :了解妊娠并发症的发生和治疗。了解重危孕产妇的分布和预防。方法 :回顾性分析 10 9例抢救重危孕产妇的资料。结果 :10 9例患者中 :经产妇 6 5例 ( 6 0 % ) ,流动人口 74例 ( 6 7% )。子宫全切除 1例 ,子宫次全切除 5例 ,多器官功能障碍甚至衰竭 2 3例 ( 2 1% ) ,产后大出血休克、DIC,输血抢救 4 6例 ( 4 2 % ) ,孕产妇均抢救成功。结论 :发生产科抢救的主要并发症是产后出血、重度妊高征及心脏病。治疗原发病、控制诱因。加强流动人口孕产妇的围产保健能减少产科急救 ,提高围生医学的质量。     

Recombinant human complement C5a receptor antagonist reduces infarct size after surgical revascularization

OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that a recombinant human C5a antagonist, CGS 32359, attenuates neutrophil activation and reduces infarct size in a porcine model of surgical revascularization. METHODS: CGS 32359 (0.16-16 micromol/L) dose-dependently inhibited superoxide production by human C5a-activated porcine neutrophils (18 +/- 3.7 vs 1.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/5 min/5 x 10(6) neutrophils; P <.05) and reduced neutrophil adherence to coronary endothelium from 194 +/- 9 to 43 +/- 6 neutrophils/mm(2) (P <.05). The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 50 minutes, after which saline solution (n = 8), mannitol-buffer vehicle (n = 9, 102 mg/kg bolus, 102 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)), or CGS 32359 (CGS, n = 7, 60 mg/kg bolus, 60 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)) was infused. After ischemia, 1-hour arrest was achieved by means of multidose hypothermic (4 degrees C) blood cardioplegia, followed by 2.5 hours of off-bypass reperfusion. The ligature on the left anterior descending artery was released before the second infusion of cardioplegic solution. RESULTS: Area at risk was similar in all groups (saline solution, 27% +/- 2%; mannitol-buffer vehicle, 26% +/- 2%; CGS, 26% +/- 2% left ventricular mass). Infarct size (area necrosis/area at risk) was significantly reduced by CGS (18% +/- 6%, P <.05) versus saline solution (52% +/- 3%) and mannitol-buffer vehicle (60% +/- 4%). Postischemic systolic shortening (sonomicrometry) in the area at risk was significantly improved with CGS (0.8% +/- 0.9%) compared with saline solution (-3.7% +/- 1.1%) and mannitol-buffer vehicle (-6.4% +/- 1.0%). Myeloperoxidase activity from accumulated neutrophils was less in the ischemic zone of CGS (0.014 +/- 0.002 U/100 mg tissue; P <.05) than mannitol-buffer vehicle (0.133 +/- 0.012 U/100 mg tissue). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the recombinant human C5a receptor antagonist CGS 32359 inhibits surgical ischemia-reperfusion injury after coronary occlusion.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor expressing mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in chronic myocardial infarction in pigs

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） for myocardial reconstruction has shown promise in both animal models and human phase 1 clinical studies. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is a strong therapeutic agent for treating ischaemia by inducing angiogenesis. The feasibility of ex vivo MSCs mediated gene transfer is documented. Matsumoto and colleagues have recently reported genetically engineered MSCs carrying VEGF165 delivery for revascularization in a model of acute myocardial infarction （MI）. The promising data from our laboratory in both angiogenesis and MSCs transplantation in cunicular heart model of acute MI have prompted us to attempt the combined and simultaneous application of the two strategies.     

Immune responses against SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induced by DNA vaccine

The nucleocapsid （N） protein of SARS-coronavirus （SARS-CoV） is the key protein for the formation of the helical nucleocapsid during virion assembly. This protein is believed to be more conserved than other proteins of the virus, such as spike and membrane glycoprotein. In this study, the N protein of SARS-CoV was expressed in Escherichia coli DHSalpha and identified with pooled sera from patients in the convalescence phase of SARS. A plasmid pCI-N, encoding the full-length N gene of SARS-CoV, was constructed. Expression of the N protein was observed in COS1 cells following transfection with pCI-N. The immune responses induced by intramuscular immunization with pCI-N were evaluated in a murine model. Serum anti-N immunoglobutins and splenocytes proliferative responses against N protein were observed in immunized BALB/c mice. The major immunoglobulin G subclass recognizing N protein was immunoglobulin G2a, and stimulated splenocytes secreted high levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 in response to N protein. More importantly, the immunized mice produced strong delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and CD^8＋ CTL responses to N protein.     

结直肠癌临床若干问题的探讨

结直肠癌是可以预防和治疗的消化道肿瘤，在众多肿瘤研究中是最佳的模式之一。加强对结直肠癌的临床应用研究，包括术前是否肠道准备、腹腔镜应用的利弊、随诊程序及随诊的必要性等前瞻性、大样本和随机临床应用研究，对进一步完善结直肠癌的治疗、提高疗效、减轻患者的痛苦、降低医疗费用等，具有重要的临床意义和社会意义。     

核因子E2p45相关因子2基因在茶多酚调节结肠癌细胞尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A及其同工酶表达中的作用

目的探讨核因子E2p45相关因子2(Nrf2)基因在茶多酚中的主要化学物质epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)诱导结肠癌细胞尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGT)1A及其同工酶UGT1A8、UGT1A10表达中的调节作用。方法EGCG分别作用Caco-2及HT-29结肠癌细胞12h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测基因表达水平的变化,免疫细胞化学及激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内Nrf2蛋白定位的改变。此外,利用RNA干扰技术抑制细胞内Nrf2基因的表达,观察阻断前后EGCG对基因表达水平影响的改变。结果(1)Caco-2及HT-29结肠癌细胞系、结肠癌及癌旁组织中UGT1A、1A8、1A10基因表达水平存在差异。(2)EGCG作用Caco-2及HT-29细胞后Nrf2、UGT1A、1A8、1A10表达升高1.8~9.2倍(均P<0.05),免疫细胞化学及激光共聚焦显微镜检测到Nrf2蛋白向细胞核内聚集。(3)酶切分析和测序证实成功构建了RNA干扰真核表达载体pSilence-Nrf2-A、B、C、D及随机序列对照pSilence-CON。(4)pSilence-Nrf2-B质粒转染可显著抑制Nrf2基因的表达,在Caco-2及HT-29细胞中抑制率分别为81.46%±1.68%及84.72%±2.08%(实验重复3次);稳定筛选建立的Nrf2低表达的细胞系Caco-2-siNrf2、HT-29-siNrf2,不仅基础UGT1A酶的表达水平降低,而且EGCG作用后酶诱导表达的作用消失。结论Nrf2基因参与了EGCG诱导UGT1A及其同工酶表达的过程并在其中起关键作用,为进一步论证EGCG在结肠癌化学预防中的作用及其可能的机制提供了新的论据。     

医用机器人辅助股骨带锁髓内针远端锁钉瞄准系统的实验研究

目的研制在骨折治疗中精确定位的机器人辅助远端锁钉瞄准系统。方法在以股骨髓内针远端锁钉植入手术中,采用模块化、小型化的并联机器人结构设计,应用机械臂空间定位技术,双目视觉、6自由度的机器人辅助髓内针远端锁钉瞄准系统。结合C型臂定位并实施导航控制进行远端锁钉植入。髓内针被分别置入塑料股骨(Swiss Sybone,5根,35孔)、人类干股骨标本(2根,12孔)、新鲜人尸体大腿(1具,6孔)。非扩髓型髓内针的尺寸范围从9/310到12/340。应用机器人辅助瞄准系统对上述髓内针进行远端锁钉植入,术中C型臂透视确认螺钉准确置入,记录锁钉植入过程的X线透视时间。结果所有远端锁孔被成功地锁定。在53个锁孔中,6例(11.1%)钻头触到锁定孔道,仍顺利穿过锁孔,没有对髓内针造成损伤。螺钉植入过程中需要的术中X线透视时间为1.8s±0.3s。结论医用机器人使仅应用两幅计算机校准的X线图像,不需要额外的术中X线透视来导航器械,手术过程中总的X线透射时间显著减少。人机交互功能操作易于掌握,可作为机器人辅助长骨治疗中精确定位和稳定操作的技术平台。