胰腺囊性肿瘤诊疗及进展

胰腺囊性肿瘤(PCNs)是少见肿瘤,发病原因尚不明确,不良生活习惯（吸烟、饮酒、重咖啡、高脂高蛋白饮食等）、慢性胰腺炎、环境污染因素及遗传因素等是潜在致病因素。PCNs分为浆液性囊性肿瘤（SCN）、黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）、胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN)和实性假乳头状瘤（SPN）四种类型。发病症状常不典型,早期诊断难。PCNs具有典型影像特点,单个影像检查技术对PCNs的准确性和局限性不同,CT检查在胰腺病变中仍是最基本、最主要的检查方式。MRI对于小的囊性病灶比CT更有优势。超声内镜（EUS）充分结合了内镜和超声检查的优势,与CT、MRI检查相辅相成,同时还可进行细针穿刺取病理及囊液分析。尽管PCNs大部分为良性,但只要达到切除标准,均应推荐患者进行手术治疗,严格遵循PCNs诊治流程,制订个体化PCNs治疗策略,使患者利益最大化。     

人胃癌SGC7901细胞膜钾离子通道的特性

目的　研究人胃癌细胞系 SGC790 1细胞膜钾离子通道特性 .方法　以人胃癌细胞系 SGC790 1为研究对象 ,采用穿孔膜片钳全细胞记录法 .结果　人的胃癌 SGC790 1细胞系的静息膜电位为 (- 32 .2± 2 .2 ) m V,在钳制电压 - 40 m V,阶跃电压在 - 80～ +80 m V,记录到一种跨膜电流 ,该跨膜电流具有电压依赖、外向整流特性 ,该电流在延迟 2 5 ms后最大激活 ,80 0 m s内不失活 ,翻转电位在 - 6 0～ - 40 m V,能被已知的钾通道的阻断剂 4- AP或 TEA阻断 .结论　在人胃癌SGC790 1细胞系细胞膜上存在延迟整流钾离子通道 .     

进展期胃癌侵犯胰十二指肠区域的外科治疗

目的：探讨进展期胃癌侵犯胰十二指肠区域的外科治疗方法和远期生存效果。方法：对１１例病人的临床资料,方法及效果进行回顾性分析。结果：１１例病人均行了胃癌合并胰十二指肠切除,无手术死亡及严重并发症发生,术后１,３年生存率分别为８２％,４５．５％。结论：进展期胃癌侵犯胰十二指肠后合并胰十二指肠切除术是可行的,在提高根治性的同时,亦提高了生存率。     

造血干细胞移植后并发口腔粘膜炎患者的观察与护理

目的:通过对25例造血干细胞移植(HSCT)病人口腔粘膜的观察和护理,找出粘膜炎(OM)发生、发展的规律,总结有效的护理方法.方法:对移植前后的病人进行相应的口腔护理,同时观察口腔粘膜的变化情况,并将上述观察结果和护理情况进行记录.结果:25例病人中口腔粘膜炎发生率为72%,发生部位最多见于颊部和舌部,发生时间、持续时间和OM的严重程度有关,发生越早,持续时间越长,OM程度越重.结论:通过及时的观察以及细心的口腔护理,能有效降低OM的发生率,缩短愈合时间,减少病人痛苦,提高干细胞移植成功率.     

深圳市宝安区社区传染病防制现状及分析

目的 分析宝安区社区卫生服务中心（站）开展传染病防制工作的现状、存在的问题及其原因。方法 采用资料查询、管理者会议等方法对社区卫生服务中心（站）开展传染病防制工作的内容、现状和存在的问题等进行调查。结果 社区预防是社区卫生服务的重要组成部分．其功能界定与工作内容充分体现了社区卫生服务防治结合、以防为主、防患于未然的宗旨。宝安区社区传染病管理和免疫接种工作总体运转情况良好，但仍存在认识水平低、业务发展不均衡、管理不规范和体系不健全等许多问题。结论 在继续做好社区计划免疫工作和传染病报告管理工作的同时．积极采取综合对策．完善社区传染病防制服务功能。     

Veganism does not reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese cohort

The purpose of the present study was to assess the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with vegan, pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets in Taiwan. The design was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data analysis from a Taiwan longitudinal health check-up database provided by MJ Health Screening Center during 1996-2006. A total of 93209 participants were classified as vegans (n=1116), pescovegetarians (n=2461), lactovegetarians (n=4313) and nonvegetarians (n=85319) by food frequency list of self-administered questionnaire at baseline. The association between MS or MS components and different dietary groups was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models with adjustment for confounders. During the mean 3.75 years of follow up, a total 8006 MS incident cases occurred and the incidence of MS was 229 (95% CI, 224, 234) per 10000 person year. Compared with vegans, hazard ratios of MS for nonvegetarians, pescovegetarians, lactovegetarians were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64, 0.88), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55, 0.83) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.97) after adjusting for sex, age, education status, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity at work and leisure, respectively. As for MS components, nonvegetarians and pescovegetarians had 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.84), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57, 0.84) times risk of developing low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while nonvegetarians had 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02, 1.32) times risk of developing high fasting plasma glucose. Our data suggest that the vegan diets did not decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome compared with pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets in a Taiwanese cohort.     

论新《国际卫生条例》(草案)框架下空港卫生检疫

由于地球气候的改变、人类行为方式与社会发展的不协调、自然环境被污染甚至被破坏、战乱、新的感染性疾病出现和旧的流行性瘟疫的死灰复燃等因素,已在世界范围实施50多年的流行病学控制大法《国际卫生条例》（IHR）（以下简称《条例》）,经过近10年的修增和完善,新《条例》终于有了重要进展。为应对当今国际社会面临的不断变化的紧急卫生挑战和可能构成国际关注的公共卫生突发事件,紧紧依据新《条例》的每个条款,查阅IHR的补充材料——《航空卫生指南》,     

Enhancing the potential production of bioethanol with bamboo by γ-valerolactone/water pretreatment

In this study, the effect of the γ-valerolactone (GVL)/H₂O pretreatment system on bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation was investigated. The performance characterization of the pretreated bamboo substrates, including the chemical composition, the structural characteristics, and the ability to produce bioethanol, were evaluated. The recovered substrates were enzymatically hydrolyzed for 48 h and then fermented to bioethanol. For the cellulose in the raw bamboo material, the highest cellulose-to-glucose conversion yield (CGCY) was achieved at 140 °C for 2 h with GVL : H₂O = 8 : 2, which was 73.39%, and the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion yield (CECY) was 67.00%. This indicated that 183.5 kg of bioethanol could be produced per ton of bamboo, which was 9.71-folds higher than that directly converted from the untreated raw bamboo powder. Under these conditions, 50.60% of the active lignin can be recovered and be used as a wood-derived feedstock for further high-valued utilization. Meanwhile, the maximum concentration of fermentation inhibitors formed after pretreatment was about 140.9 mmol L⁻¹, and had weak inhibition to the subsequent reaction. It has been shown that the cellulose could be effectively separated from bamboo and converted into bioethanol through the GVL/H₂O pretreatment system.

In this study, the potential production of bamboo by the GVL/H₂O system for ethanol production was investigated.     

广州市肾细胞癌医保患者直接经济负担研究

目的 从社会角度探讨广州市肾细胞癌疾病经济负担情况.方法 对广州市2010—2012年有关肾癌医保患者数据进行描述性统计分析,计算肾癌的直接经济负担,利用分类树进行影响因素分析.结果 2010—2012年广州市肾癌患者的直接经济负担分别是430万元、707万元、1131万元.肾癌门诊患者和住院患者的药品费用分别占总医疗费用的47%和46%.住院患者的总医疗费用占肾癌直接经济负担的98%.肾癌患者的就诊类型、性别、年龄对总医疗费用影响较大.性别和年龄对门诊患者的次均总医疗费用影响较大,住院天数和是否手术对住院患者的次均总医疗费用影响较大.结论 肾癌就诊人次逐年增多,直接经济负担也明显上升.