The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people: A comparison between China and the United Kingdom

Purpose: As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people''s health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of selfreported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the highquality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai. Results: Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n = 1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n = 1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China. Conclusion: This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.     

全球针对家族史高危人群的结直肠癌筛查指南推荐意见的系统综述

目的 对全球现有结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南的更新进展及推荐意见进行系统总结和评价。方法 以“结直肠癌”“筛查”“指南”“共识”“推荐”“家族史”以及“colorectal cancer”“screening”“guideline”“recommendation”“family history”为关键词,并补充其自由词,系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,并且同时检索官网刊登的结直肠癌筛查指南/共识作为补充,语种限定为中文和英文。截至2022年5月24日,共20篇有效文献。对纳入文献的基本信息、针对家族史人群的推荐意见等进行摘录整理及汇总描述。结果 在20篇文献中,大多数国家/地区/机构根据结直肠癌家族史人群的亲属关系等级,对筛查起止年龄、筛查方式及筛查周期提出建议。多数指南针对有1例60岁前患结直肠癌一级亲属的人群,推荐筛查起始年龄为40岁或比患病亲属诊断年龄提前10年,推荐的筛查方式多为结肠镜。结论 目前全球多数结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南主要针对一级亲属家族史、以结肠镜作为主要筛查方式。本文将为我国针对结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查策略的更新提供参考依据,进而完善结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践。     

食管癌筛查队列操作流程与建设标准方案探讨

癌症防治工作的重点在于一级预防和二级预防,通过健康教育引起人们对疾病的重视、自觉改变不良行为习惯、主动参加定期体检是防治癌症性价比最高的措施之一。食管癌作为我国疾病负担较重的恶性肿瘤之一,定期筛查和早诊早治是该病防治工作的重点。而队列研究有助于了解食管癌的自然史和危险因素、识别食管癌高危人群。本研究拟从危险因素调查、疾病监测、生物样本信息搜集等方面对食管癌多维动态随访共享队列的建设规范进行探讨,为今后建立规范统一的食管癌筛查队列研究操作流程和建设标准提供参考。     

时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情预测效果比较研究

目的比较常见时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情预测的效果。方法收集2020年4月1日至9月30日美国、印度和巴西3个国家COVID-19每日确诊病例数,分别建立差分自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和循环神经网络(RNN)模型,使用平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)等指标,比较不同模型预测9月21-30日确诊病例的表现。结果应用ARIMA模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为13.18%、9.18%和17.30%,RMSE分别为6542.32、8069.50和3954.59;应用RNN模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为15.27%、7.23%和26.02%,RMSE分别为6877.71、6457.07和5950.88。结论ARIMA和RNN模型的COVID-19预测效果存在地区差异,ARIMA模型的预测效果在美国和巴西较优,而RNN模型的预测效果在印度较优。     

基于双链特异性核酸酶触发滚环扩增的microRNA-21太赫兹超材料传感方法的构建

目的:构建一种太赫兹(THz)超材料传感方法用于microRNA-21(miRNA-21)的信号放大检测。方法:首先构建THz超材料传感方法,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及zeta电位验证方法的可行性;对传感器检测条件进行优化之后,对不同浓度的miRNA-21以及其他不同的miRNAs进行检测,并与其他microRNA检测方法进行比较;最后,对该传感器的回收率进行了评价。结果:在最优实验条件下,通过双链特异性核酸酶(DSN)循环识别与滚环扩增(RCA)的双重信号放大策略,该THz超材料传感器对靶标miRNA-21的响应范围为10 fmol/L至10 nmol/L,检测限为8.49 fmol/L。并且该传感器具有较好的特异性,具备了从多种miRNAs中识别靶标miRNA-21的能力,并且在商业化人血清样本中的回收率可达94.33%到115.33%。结论:该THz传感器可以实现靶标miRNA-21的高灵敏、高特异性检测,具备了在miRNA相关疾病无标记诊断与早期预警的潜力。     

Vaccination with chimeric protein induces protection in murine model against ascariasis

An estimated 400 million people are infected by parasites of the genus Ascaris and the existing control measures are inefficient. Vaccine development using B cell antigens is a promising strategy for increased protection against this parasite. The present study aimed at developing a chimeric protein capable of conferring protection against infection by Ascaris sp. For this purpose, we performed B-cell epitope predictions on previously described vaccine candidate proteins from Ascaris suum and the corresponding peptides were used to construct a chimeric protein. Female BALB / c mice were immunized subcutaneously in three doses at 10 day intervals with a vaccine formulation comprised of the chimeric protein together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Control groups included protein alone, MPLA, or PBS. After challenge infection, animals vaccinated with chimeric protein plus MPLA showed a reduction of 73.54% of larval load in the lung compared to control group animals. Animals immunized with chimeric protein plus MPLA also display higher IgG response and a reduction in lung inflammation. Our study highlights how chimeric proteins containing more than one B cell epitope can enhance immune protection against helminthic infection and offer new approaches to the development of Ascaris vaccines.     

The prevalence of stroke and related risk factors among residents aged ≥ 40 years in Chongqing,Southwest China

Journal of Public Health - China bears the largest global stroke burden, yet little is known about its rates in Chongqing, southwest China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and related risk...     

2012—2020年济南市非免疫规划疫苗使用情况分析

目的 分析2012—2020年济南市非免疫规划疫苗（Non-National Immunization Program Vaccine,nNIP）的使用情况,为提高和加强nNIP疫苗的接种服务与管理提供参考。方法 对2012—2020年济南市nNIP疫苗使用数据进行描述分析。结果 2012—2020年,济南市使用的nNIP疫苗总量在553720~1407987剂次之间,nNIP疫苗占疫苗总使用量的比例在28%~30%之间。nNIP疫苗使用种类在15~25种之间,呈逐年增加趋势。城区人均nNIP疫苗使用量高于农村地区,城乡人均接种剂次比为2.05[DK]∶1。使用量较多的nNIP疫苗主要有水痘、EV71、狂犬、A群C群流脑结合、ACYW135 群流脑多糖、流感、乙肝和甲肝疫苗,近年五联、四联、PCV13和HPV疫苗使用量也进入前10位。可替代免疫规划疫苗的几种主要nNIP疫苗使用总量由17.71万剂增至34.03万剂,总平均替代率为23.44%（16.58%~30.59%之间）,其中以A群C群流脑结合替代A群流脑多糖疫苗比例最高。结论 2012—2020 年济南市nNIP疫苗使用量基本呈上升趋势,nNIP疫苗使用种类和人均使用剂次城市地区多于农村地区。应通过健康宣教、增加政府投入和创新激励机制等措施提高nNIP疫苗利用率。     

猴表皮干细胞的分离和培养

目的： 探索猴表皮干细胞分离纯化和培养方法。 方法: 将猴皮肤标本剪成皮条,加入0.25％胰酶浸泡过夜；然后去除角质层，刮上皮面获取表皮细胞进行培养。取第2-4代的细胞,经消化后，用Ⅳ型胶原黏附法获得为快吸附的表皮细胞。对快吸附的表皮细胞行流式细胞仪、免疫组化和RT-PCR检测。 结果: 快吸附细胞从mRNA转录水平及蛋白表达水平均呈现表皮干细胞的特性：β1整合素、K15和α6整合素阳性，而CD71和K1/K10阴性。 结论: 所采用的分离纯化方法和培养条件适合猴表皮干细胞的分离纯化及生长。     

TH1/TH2在慢性丙型肝炎发病机制中的作用

目的 研究Th1/Th2变化在慢性丙型肝炎发病机制中的作用。方法 采用双抗体酶联分析法检测了20例正常人,35例慢性丙型肝炎,30例慢性乙型肝炎患血清中的IFN－γ,IL-2,IL－4和IL－6的水平。结果 慢性丙型肝炎组Th2类细胞因子（IL－4,IL－6）水平明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．05）,Th1类细胞因子水平IL－2也增高（P＜0．05）,然而,Th1类细胞因子IFN－γ水平有增加趋势,但无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。Th2类细胞因子水平比Th1类细胞因子水平高。结论 Th2类细胞因子水平增高以及由此引起的Th1/Th2比值下降可能与慢性丙型肝炎的病程持续有关。