The acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-testing: A cross-sectional study in China

Compared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid antigen self-testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS-CoV-2 RAST. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS-CoV-2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self-efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS-CoV-2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS-CoV-2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 RAST.     

Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy in nasopharyngeal cancer

EBV-associated nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) occurs with high frequency in China and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. To explore the potential use of adenovirus-mediated tumor suppressor p53 gene therapy In NPC, we first examined the in vitro effects of p53 introduced into the NPC cell lines RPMI 2650, Fadu and Detroit 562. p21(WAF1/CIP1) induction by chemotherapy was used as a functional assay which revealed that RPMI 2650 expresses wild-type p53 whereas Fadu and Detroit 562 encode mutant p53. Infection with p53-expressing adenovirus (Ad-p53) induced apoptosis and inhibited cell growth in all three NPC cell lines, regardless of the endogenous p53 status. Adenovirus infectivity was greatest in RPMI 2650 cells, with 100% of the cells expressing beta-galactosidase following Ad-LacZ infection using an MOI of 100, as compared to 20-30% infectivity with the other NPC lines. Using RPMI 2650 cells injected into nude mice, we developed an animal model for nasopharyngeal cancer. Established tumors (0.6-0.8 cm) were injected with 5x10(9) PFU Ad-LacZ, Ad-p53 or PBS in a 100 mu l volume. We found evidence for in vivo expression of beta-galactosidase or p53 and p21 up to two weeks following Ad-LacZ or Ad-p53 virus injection respectively. Objective regression of tumor size was observed at two weeks in 4/6 Ad-p53-treated tumors, but not in Ad-LacZ or PBS-treated tumors. The results provide an animal model for human nasopharyngeal cancer, and indicate a potential use of p53 in its therapy in vivo.     

论医疗事故赔偿纠纷的法律适用

由于我国医疗事故赔偿纠纷处理的有关法律、行政法规及司法解释之间存在着不统一、不配套的矛盾。因此,在审理医疗事故赔偿纠纷案件中的分歧颇大 这既不利于正确地维护医患双方的合法权益,也不利于医疗纠纷的顺利解决及社会秩序的稳定。因此,正确地认识与解决医疗事故赔偿纠纷法律适用中的矛盾,具有十分重要的意义。     

四项肿瘤标志物联合检测对PHC的临床评价

对原发性肝癌（PHC）81例;良性肝病58例;转移性肝癌11例;正常对照20例,进行血清标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）、AFP异质体、5′-核苷酸磷酸二酯酶同工酶（5′-NPD）、唾液酸（SA）联合检测。结果显示四项标志物的组合能提高对PHC的诊断率（93.83%),同时还可用于小肝癌的诊断及PHC疗效观察及估计预后。     

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: altered CD8(+) T-cell subsets and T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine imbalance

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause benign papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the genital and respiratory tracts. Recurrent respiratory papillomas (RRP) generate a high level of morbidity and significant mortality because of their location, resistance to treatment, and relentless recurrence that can vary in frequency in a given patient and between patients. We have found that T-cells from these patients, when exposed to or isolated from autologous papilloma tissue, have an elevated percentage of CD8(+), CD28(-) T-cells, and that T-cells from many of these patients express an increase in T(H)2-like cytokine mRNA in response to autologous papilloma tissue. Furthermore, both of these immunologic findings correlate with disease severity. These observations suggest that patients with RRP, and possibly others with refractory HPV-induced lesions, are unable to manage their disease with an appropriate and effective HPV-specific, T-cell response. This immune imbalance may be responsible for the development and severity of HPV-induced respiratory papillomatosis.     

联合内分泌治疗对前列腺和睾丸的影响

目的 探讨抑那通和缓退瘤联合治疗对正常前列腺,增生的前列腺（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌以及睾丸的作用。方法 对１６例接受联合内分泌治疗至少３个月且有治疗前后病理资料的前列腺癌患者的标本进行了系统的病理学检查。对内分泌治疗后的睾丸标本与同龄未接受治疗的进行对照研究。结果 １４例内分泌治疗后的前列腺标本２例未见残存癌灶,９例对治疗有明显的反应;３例对治疗反应差,治疗并未降低前列腺癌的病理分期。３例内分泌治疗后     

人和兔雪旺氏细胞的体外培养及形态学观察和生物特性研究

雪旺氏细胞(Schwann cell,SC)在神经再生过程中起着重要作用。我们取人胚及兔之坐骨神经,采用“植块多次移出法”培养出纯净度达99％的人和兔的SC。对培养的SC进行了冻存和复苏处理,复苏后的细胞可保持原有的生长特性。     

HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products affect neuronal physiology leading to cellular demise: relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia

Viral and cellular products from HIV-1-infected and/or immune competent mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (brain macrophages and microglia) affect neuronal function during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Neurotoxic MP factors include, but are not limited to, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, platelet activating factor, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, nitric oxide, progeny virions and viral structural and regulatory proteins. The mechanisms for immune-mediated neural injury in HAD, only now, are being unraveled. In this regard, we reviewed the current knowledge of how postmitotic neurons, which can neither divide nor be replaced, are damaged by MP secretory activities. Linking neuronal function with brain MP activation was made possible by placing viral and/or immune products onto neurons and measuring cell signaling events or through ex vivo electrophysiological tests on MP-treated brain slices. Such linkages are shown, in this report, by select demonstrations of MP factors which cause neuronal dysfunction in HAD.     

Abrogation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth by epidermal growth factor receptor ligand fused to pseudomonas exotoxin transforming growth factor alpha-PE38.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine whether low intratumoral doses of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand-transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin (TGF-alpha-PE38)-abrogated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In vitro cytotoxicity assays were carried out to determine the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to TGF-alpha-PE38. TGF-alpha-PE38-treated HNSCC cells were examined by immunoblotting for cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to evaluate apoptosis. Nude mice bearing established HNSCC xenografts were treated with several doses of TGF-alpha-PE38 to evaluate the antitumor efficacy in vivo. Tumor sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling for apoptosis. To determine the effect of oral administration of TGF-alpha-PE38, gavage injections of TGF-alpha-PE38 were administered, and the esophagus and surrounding soft tissue were then stained for apoptotic cells. RESULTS: HNSCC cell lines examined were sensitive to low doses of TGF-alpha-PE38 (EC(50) in the range of 1.6 to 10 ng/mL). HNSCC cells treated with TGF-alpha-PE38 undergo apoptosis. Antitumor effects were observed using 0.1 and 0.03 microg of TGF-alpha-PE38 administered intratumorally. At these doses, the treatment was well tolerated. Tumors treated with the toxin had a higher number of apoptotic cells compared with the control tumors. No apoptotic cells were observed in the pharyngoesophageal tissues of the mice after gavage administration of the toxin suggesting that the toxin could be orally administered without toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that topical or intratumoral administration of low doses of TGF-alpha-PE38 may demonstrate antitumor effects in HNSCC without associated systemic toxicity.     

喉全切除发音重建术远期疗效分析

One hundred and twenty-five patients received voice rehabilitation operations following total laryngectomy over the period from August 1977 to December 1994. Among them, 119 were male and 6 were female, the eldest was 70 years old and the youngest 30 years old, and the average age was 55.3 years. Clinical staging was as follows: stage II, 2 cases; stage III, 45 cases; stage IV, 66 cases; and recurrence, 12 cases. The voice rehabilitation operations included pharynx-trachea anastomosis 18 cases and trachea-esophagus fistulization 107 cases. One hundred and fourteen patients were followed-up for 13 months to 18 years. The 3, 5, and 10 year survival rates were 78.2%, 61.4%, and 40.5% respectively. The effective rates of voice rehabilitation according to hearing voice distance were 84.6%, 81.1%, and 67.5% 3 weeks, 1 year, and 5 years respectively after operation. The causes of failure were closure of fistula 15 cases; food aspiration 8 cases and unknown 3 cases. The clinical value, advantages and disadvantages of voice rehabilitation, and the time to evaluate the effect of voice rehabilitation were discussed.