Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 among local and overseas Chinese university students

This study aimed to establish a new COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to investigate the relationship between fear and generalised anxiety symptoms among Chinese students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and other countries. 219 Chinese university students studying in universities in mainland China (n = 76, 34.7%), Hong Kong (n = 66, 30.1%), and overseas (i.e., outside of China as international students, n = 77, 35.2%) participated in an online study from March 31, 2020 to April 4. Participants completed a newly developed COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to measure three domains of fear including fear of infection, fear of instability and fear of insecurity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. They also completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) on the severity of anxiety symptoms. About 9.6% of the participants could be classified as exhibiting high anxiety level according to the GAD-7. More students studying overseas (about 15%) were classified into the high GAD group when compared to students studying in both mainland China (6.6%) and Hong Kong (6.1%). MANOVA results showed that students studying in Hong Kong and overseas had more concerns related to preventive measures related to COVID-19 than their mainland counterparts did. We concluded that international students studying away from their home country would have higher risk to develop anxiety problems during a collective trauma such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Education institutions should provide support services including online support groups, social media groups for mutual support to alleviate the fear and anxiety of international students.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测消毒产品中13种抗生素

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立消毒产品中8类13种抗生素的检测方法。方法样品经甲醇或乙腈提取后,经Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,三重四级杆串联质谱仪检测。结果13种选定的抗生素在4~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.991,检出限为2~25μg/kg。在3种不同剂型的消毒产品中,低、中、高3个浓度加标水平的回收率为71.2%~130.4%,相对标准偏差均小于11.3%,满足消毒产品中抗生素违法添加的检测要求。运用建立的方法,在一份膏霜剂型的消毒产品中检测出氧氟沙星,含量为21.1 mg/kg,其余样品中均未检出相关物质。结论该方法简单、可靠、重现性好,覆盖的抗生素种类多。     

经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月医院收治的早孕期人工流产、自然流产及药物流产后行宫腔残留物诊断的患者80例,均采用经阴道超声检查,以病理结果为金标准,分析经阴道超声的诊断效能。结果以病理结果为金标准,经阴道超声对早孕期流产后宫腔残留物的诊断灵敏度为97.22%,特异度为62.50%,准确度为93.75%。结论经阴道超声应用于早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中,具有较高的诊断灵敏度、准确度,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

2006—2019年淄博市肾综合征出血热流行特征分析

目的 探讨淄博市肾综合征出血热（hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS）流行特征,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法 收集全市出血热疫情和宿主动物监测资料,用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 2006—2019年全市报告肾综合征出血热1 157例,死亡10例,平均发病率为1.83/10万,病死率0.86%。沂源县、淄川区和博山区报告病例数占全市72.77%,60岁以上年龄组构成比22.64%。每年有春季和秋冬季两个发病高峰。全市平均鼠密度为2.84%,居民区和野外分别以褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种。褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠带毒率分别为6.00%和4.17%,差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.947,P = 0.331）。褐家鼠携带的病毒为汉城型汉坦病毒（seoul virus,SEOV）,黑线姬鼠携带的病毒为汉滩型汉坦病毒（hantaan virus,HTNV）。结论 淄博市HFRS发病呈现波动式下降趋势,发病年龄有老龄化倾向。鼠密度和鼠带病毒率仍高于周边地市,疫情形势依然严峻,应持续在高发区县加强疫情和宿主动物监测,在重点地区开展出血热疫苗接种和健康教育。     

2016—2020年河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的 分析河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发的流行病学特征,提出相关监管建议。方法 收集2016—2020年河南省餐饮类食源性疾病暴发监测数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行流行病学分析。结果 河南省2016—2020年共报告发生在餐饮单位的食源性疾病暴发事件224起,占同时期全省食源性疾病暴发事件总数的57.44%,发病2577人,占发病总人数的73.37%,死亡1人,占死亡总人数的14.29%。餐饮类暴发事件场所主要集中在宾馆饭店,事件报告数100起,占总事件数的44.64%。在查明原因的事件中,致病菌是引发食源性疾病暴发事件的主要因素,占总事件数的19.64%;加工储存不当引起的事件数量最多,占总事件数的27.33%。结论 建议加强对餐饮单位重点环节和危险因素的监管,建立健全餐饮单位食品安全知识培训制度,加强食品安全监管多部门沟通合作机制。     

“医教协同”模式下专业学位硕士研究生压力感知及学术能力提升需求调查

目的 对医学专硕学术科研水平的影响因素进行调研与分析,以期为提高其学术科研水平提供参考和借鉴。方法 选取某医院正在参与住院医师规范化培训的医学专硕作为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式对其学术水平影响因素进行调研。结果 研究生对于提升自身学术科研水平有较大的需求,且普遍存在学术科研方面的压力,随着年级的上升其压力亦明显呈上升趋势（线性χ2 = 21.624,P＜0.001）。本科的知识储备、个人英语水平、兴趣爱好对其学术科研水平均有一定影响。结论 改革创新研究生学术科研水平的培养是各大高等医学院校亟待解决的问题,研究生学术科研水平的提高,需要学生、导师与高校三者进行有机结合通力协作。     

新型数字显示式颈总动脉压迫器

本文介绍了新近研制的数显便携式颈总劝脉压迫器的工作原理、电路设计和调试结果，该仪器增强了患侧动脉切术前施行压迫锻炼改善脑侧支循环的效果并为临床实时监测提供客观数据指标。     

心血管参数对动脉中压力和流量的影响

本文从建立心室-血管优化耦合模型出发,通过求解优化耦合所对应主动脉根部的压力和流量所满足方程,详细讨论动脉中压力和流量随心血管参数的变化规律,所得结果与血液循环系统的生理事实一致。     

青年人和老年人肺癌临床病理特征比较

目的　比较青年人和老年人肺癌的临床病理特征。方法　对 83例 30岁以下青年人肺癌 (青年组 )和 89例 70岁以上老年人肺癌 (老年组 )的临床资料和组织病理进行回顾性分析。结果　①青年组肺癌占同期肺癌总数的 4 18% ,老年组占4 4 8%。②青年组和老年组肺癌的男女性别比分别为 2 19∶1和 11 7∶1(P <0 0 5 ) ;青年组女性发病比率为 31 3% ,老年组为7 9% (P <0 0 1)。③青年组和老年组吸烟者各占 36 1%和 6 9 7% (P <0 0 1)。④青年组和老年组各型肺癌所占比率分别为鳞癌 31 3% / 5 9 6 %、腺癌 37 3% / 2 5 8%、小细胞癌 2 1 7% / 12 4 % ;青年组腺癌和小细胞癌明显高于老年组 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ,而青年组鳞癌则明显低于老年组 (P <0 0 1)。⑤青年组和老年组的低分化癌比率分别占 6 3 9%和 4 3 8% (P <0 0 1)。结论　青年人肺癌以女性、肺腺癌和小细胞癌发病比例高为特征 ,且以低分化癌占多数 ;而老年人肺癌则以男性和鳞癌占优势 ,可能与老年男性吸烟群体增加有关     

RNA silencing: a conserved antiviral immunity of plants and animals

RNA silencing is a novel RNA-guided gene regulatory mechanism operational in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms from fission yeast, plants, to mammals. This article reviews the recent progress on aspects of RNA silencing that are related to its biological function as a conserved antiviral immunity of plants and animals, and highlights features of this novel antiviral response in invertebrate animals as compared to the known innate and adaptive immunities. Finally, we discuss evidence that suggests a natural antiviral role for RNA silencing in vertebrates as well as experimental approaches that may facilitate the identification of first mammalian viral suppressors of RNA silencing.