自发性食管破裂病人的护理

总结10例自发性食管破裂病人的护理体会。保持引流管通畅，防治低血容量性休克及感染性休克，预防肺炎及肺不张是护理的重要环节；加强营养，做好心理护理及皮肤护理对疾病恢复起积极作用。     

影响护士长心理健康的因素

介绍了国内外有关护士长心理健康的研究现状,阐述了影响护士长心理健康的因素及其完善护士长心理健康的必要性。     

624例代谢综合征病人的健康教育及饮食和运动干预

[目的]探讨健康教育及饮食和运动干预对代谢综合征(metabolicsyndrome,MS)病人生活习惯及体重质量指数的影响.[方法]对624例MS病人进行健康教育及饮食和运动干预.[结果]健康教育、饮食和运动干预6个月后,关于MS的问卷调查答题正确率从27.6%上升至89.4%;蔬菜、水果的摄入增加,糖类、脂肪的摄入减少;中老年组体重指数下降.[结论]针对性的健康教育、科学合理的饮食结构调整、适合老年人的运动方式,能够使中老年MS病人的体重减轻,有利于身体的康复,延缓疾病的进程.     

大连傅家庄海滨疗养区的特点

目的本文综述了大连傅家庄海滨疗养区的微小气候特点、空气负离子浓度、夏季水、气、沙温度变化、日光辐射强度及日光浴和海水浴对机体的影响研究近况。并说明其医疗价值。方法查阅资料并在日光浴和海水浴后，检测血脂、血粘度及免疫功能。结果疗养后血清胆固醇降低、免疫功能增强、血脂明显下降、血粘度降低。结论为各类人员的保健疗养和高血压、神经衰弱等疾病康复提供了科学依据。     

甲状腺结节超声特征对细针抽吸活检无效率的影响分析

目的探讨影响甲状腺结节超声引导下细针抽吸活检(US-FNA)无效率的超声特征。方法选取我院存在恶性风险的甲状腺结节患者235例(共251个结节),根据其常规超声特征(结节大小、位置深度、钙化类型、钙化比例及实性比例)进行分组,均行US-FNA检查并依据Bethesda分类标准判断标本无效率(BethesdaⅠ类为无效,Bethesda≥Ⅱ类为有效),比较各类型分组的无效率,分析相关超声特征对无效率的影响。结果US-FNA无效率比较:①根据结节大小分组,A1组(0.5 cm≤最大径<1.0 cm)无效率最高(42.4%);②根据结节位置深度分组,C2组(深层)无效率最高(41.9%);③根据钙化类型分组,C3组(粗钙化)无效率最高(49.1%);④根据钙化比例分组,D4组(50%<钙化比例≤75%)和E4组(钙化比例>75%)无效率较高,分别为75.0%、80.0%;⑤根据实性比例分组,A5组(0<实性比例≤25%)和B5组(25%<实性比例≤50%)无效率较高,分别为83.3%、80.0%,上述无效率较高组与相应特征类别中的其他组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论甲状腺结节较小(0.5 cm≤最大径<1.0 cm)、位置位于深层、粗钙化、钙化比例>50%、实性比例≤50%等均在一定程度上会造成US-FNA结果不满意。     

管理制度是护理差错发生的重要影响因素

目的:探讨管理体制对护理差错发生的重要影响。方法:对近6年多以来发生的63例护理差错进行回顾性分析。结果:注射类差错及因查对不严造成的差错占比例最高。结论:护理管理者应重视管理制度、工作程序、方法及护理材料的改进和不断完善,降低护理差错的发生。     

影响新生儿静脉留置针留置时间的原因及对策

静脉留置针因其留置时间长，避免了反复穿刺给患儿带来的痛苦，同时为危重患儿的抢救赢得了时间，减少了护士的工作量．提高了工作效率，因而在临床上备受病人和医务工作者的欢迎。笔者在临床工作中发现，全程无陪护新生儿静脉留置针留置时间较短，多为2d～4d。为此对398例全程无陪护住院新生儿使用静脉留置针情况进行观察，以探讨其原因。     

A real-time 3-dimensional digital Doppler method for measurement of flow rate and volume through mitral valve in children: a validation study compared with magnetic resonance imaging.

We developed and assessed a real-time 3-dimensional (3D) digital Doppler method for measurement of flow volumes through the mitral valve in children. A total of 13 children (aged 10.46 +/- 2.5 years; 8 boys/5 girls) were enrolled. An ultrasound system (Sonos 7500, Philips, Andover, Mass) was used to acquire raw 3D velocity data for flow measurement based on Gaussian control surface theorem [flow (mL/s) = mean velocity x flow area]. Stroke volume (SV) measured by real-time 3D digital Doppler with the control surface at the mitral valve annulus or orifice was compared with the SV by phase velocity cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the ascending aorta and by left ventricular volumetric MRI measurement. The best correlation and agreement were seen at the mitral valve orifice by real-time 3D digital Doppler compared with SV by phase velocity cine MRI at the ascending aorta (r = 0.92, mean difference = -5.2 +/- 12.0 mL) and SV by left ventricular volumetric MRI measurement (r = 0.94, mean difference = -0.2 +/- 10.3 mL).     

Marked differences in the number and type of synapses innervating the somata and primary dendrites of midbrain dopaminergic neurons,striatal cholinergic interneurons,and striatal spiny projection neurons in the rat

Elucidating the link between cellular activity and goal‐directed behavior requires a fuller understanding of the mechanisms underlying burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and those that suppress activity during aversive or non‐rewarding events. We have characterized the afferent synaptic connections onto these neurons in the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), and compared these findings with cholinergic interneurons and spiny projection neurons in the striatum. We found that the average absolute number of synapses was three to three and one‐half times greater onto the somata of dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons than onto the somata of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc or dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons. A similar comparison between populations of dopamine neurons revealed a two times greater number of somatic synapses on VTA dopaminergic neurons than SNpc dopaminergic neurons. The percentage of symmetrical, presumably inhibitory, synaptic inputs on somata was significantly higher on spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons compared with SNpc dopaminergic neurons. Synaptic data on the primary dendrites yielded similar significant differences for the percentage of symmetrical synapses for VTA dopaminergic vs. striatal neurons. No differences in the absolute number or type of somatic synapses were evident for dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc of Wistar vs. Sprague‐Dawley rat strains. These data from identified neurons are pivotal for interpreting their electrophysiological responses to afferent activity and for generating realistic computer models of neuronal networks of striatal and midbrain dopaminergic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1062–1080, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

影响新生儿静脉留置针留置时间的原因及对策

静脉留置针因其留置时间长,避免了反复穿刺给患儿带来的痛苦,同时为危重患儿的抢救赢得了时间,减少了护士的工作量,提高了工作效率,因而在临床上备受病人和医务工作者的欢迎。笔者在临床工作中发现,全程无陪护新生儿静脉留置针留置时间较短,多为2d~4d。为此对398例全程无陪护住