前后挤压型骶骨Ⅱ区骨折与骶丛神经损伤的关系

目的 探讨前后挤压致骶骨Ⅱ区骨折造成骶丛神经损伤的机制。方法 经甲醛短期（1年内）浸泡固定的国人尸体6具，12侧。解剖保护骶丛神经，制成前后挤压型暴力致骶Ⅱ区骨折模型，定量测量不同骨折移位时骶丛神经被拉长的距离。另外，利用X线片观察骶从神经受压情况。结果 随耻骨联合分离逐渐增大，骶丛神经张应变呈直线相关逐渐加大，以S1，S4为最显著，且可造成神经的刺伤，多见于L5和S1，X线未发现骶丛神经受压表现。结论 前后挤压型暴力致骶骨Ⅱ区骨折神经损伤以牵拉伤为丰，以S1，S4为主，且与骨折移位程度成正相关关系。神经的刺伤，多见于骨折移位较大的L5和S1。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤1例

患者,女,17岁。偶然发现左上腹肿块10余天入院。无恶心、呕吐。查体:皮肤巩膜无黄染,浅表未及肿大淋巴结,左上腹扪及一包块,大小约10·5 cm×10·0 cm,边界清晰,无压痛,肝脾肋下未及。实验室检查未见异常。B超示:胰尾见一9·5 cm×8·6 cm肿物,呈囊实性,回声不均匀,边界清晰。CT示:胰尾见一类圆形囊实性肿块,大小约8·9 cm×8·5 cm,边界清晰,壁厚薄不均,见多个壁结节(图1),肝内胆管及胰管未见扩张,左肾受压。增强后壁结节呈明显强化,肿瘤胰腺交界处呈杯口状改变(图2)。CT诊断:胰尾良性占位。手术所见:胰尾扪及一肿物,大小约9·6 cm×8·8…     

60Co-γ射线全身低剂量率辐照对小鼠血浆中IL-12和IL-10的影响

目的研究低剂量电离辐射对小鼠免疫系统影响的剂量率效应。方法以^60Co-γ射线为辐照源，低、中和高3个辐射剂量（0．075、0．5、2．0Gy），恒定剂量率（0．5mGy／min）全身一次性照射小鼠，ELISA检测照射4h后血浆IL-12和IL-10的含量。结果低、中剂量照射后，血浆中IL-12、IL-10和IL-12／IL-10出现程度几乎相同地下降；但高剂量照射后，IL-12进一步显著下降，而IL-10上升至对照组水平，IL-12／IL-10比值进一步下降。结论恒定0．5mGy／min剂量率的^60Co-γ射线照射可损伤机体免疫功能，在0．075～0．5Gy剂量范围内损伤轻微，在2．0Gy时损伤明显，表明低剂量率电离辐射对免疫系统具有损伤作用。     

Long-term vardenafil therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

The phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, sildenafil, has been reported to produce sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, vardenafil, a more potent and selective PDE-5 inhibitor than sildenafil, has been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the long-term effects of oral vardenafil in patients with PH are unknown. We studied five consecutive patients with PH; one with primary pulmonary hypertension, two with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, one with Eisenmenger syndrome (ventricular septal defect) and one with secondary pulmonary hypertension after a ventricular septal defect closure operation. In an acute hemodynamic trial, vardenafil (5 mg) significantly decreased both the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with an increase in cardiac output. In a chronic hemodynamic trial, the maintenance dose of vardenafil (10 to 15 mg) for 3 months significantly decreased the PVR, but not the SVR, with a 20.7% reduction of the PVR/ SVR ratio. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were also significantly decreased after 3 months. This pilot study demonstrates that long-term oral vardenafil therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with PH.     

Ligustrazine inhibits high voltage-gated Ca~(2+) and TTX-resistant Na~+ channels of primary sensory neuron and thermal nociception in the rat:a study on peripheral mechanism

Objective Ligustrazine, also named as tetramethylpyrazine, is a compound purified from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and has ever been testified to be a calcium antagonist. The present investigation was to determine the antinoci-ceptive effect of ligustrazine and, if any, the peripheral ionic mechanism involved. Methods Paw withdrawal Latency ( PWL) to noxious heating was measured in vivo and whole-cell patch recording was performed on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Intraplantar injection of ligustrazine (0.5 mg in 25μl) significantly prolonged the withdrawal latency of ipsilateral hindpaw to noxious heating in the rat. Ligustrazine not only reversibly inhibited high-voltage gated calcium current of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron in dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.89 mmol/L, but also decreased tetrodotoxin (TTX) -resistant sodium current in relatively selective and dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.49 mmol/L. Conclusion The results suggested that ligustrazine could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception through inhibiting the high-voltage gated calcium current and TTX-resistant sodium current of DRG neuron in the rat.     

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index(ABI)is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes (DM);however ,the application in cerebral infarction(CI)is rare.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease(PAD),compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI,and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb.DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients.SETTING: Deparment of Neurology,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology.Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006,including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years.All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination.All patients provided informed consent.There were 46 cases(37.2%)with CI plus PAD and 78 cases(62.8%)only with CI.METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor(GE Company).The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI.The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9.If ABI＜0.9 occurred at one side,patients were diagnosed as PAD.On the second morning after hospitalization,blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG2h),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Among them,blood glucose.lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase.Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test.and multiple factors were deat with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis;risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis;comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients.RESULTS:All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis.①Comparisons of metabolic markers:Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid(UA)were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients(t=2.051 9,3.339 1,P＜0.05);however,there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers(P＞0.05).②Results of multivariate linear regression analysis:PBG2h,LDL.C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery rpartial regression coefficient:-0.231 to-1.010,P＜0.05).③Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis:Age.Smoking history,sum of CI focus(≥3)and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD(OR=1.524-5.422,P＜0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION:①Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high.②ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h,LDL-C and UA.In addition,measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose,abnormal lipid and poor renal function.③Age,LDL-C and sum of CI focus(≥3)are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD.It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.     

试析老年痴呆患者的被窃妄想

目的了解老年痴呆患者被窃妄想的临床特征。方法将83例老年痴呆患者按有无嫉妒妄想分为两组，并就痴呆严重度、类型、伴随症状等进行对照分析。结果被窃妄想在老年痴呆患者中的发生率较高（56．％）；痴呆严重程度轻于无被窃妄想者；被窃妄想在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的发生率高于血管性痴呆（VD）；有被窃妄想者伴有较多嫉妒妄想（P均〈0．05）。结论被窃妄想可能是老年痴呆较敏感的临床症状之一，尤其对轻度AD的诊断有一定意义。     

皮肤淋巴细胞浸润症1例

患者男,60岁,左股内侧斑块1年余增大伴破溃1个月。体检:左股内侧有一4 cm×8 cm红色浸润性斑块,质中,界清,中心破溃后形成直径1 cm,深约0.8 cm大小的溃疡。组织病理:真皮全层以淋巴样细胞为主的混合性炎细胞浸润。淋巴细胞核异型性明显,免疫组化:CD3(+),CD20(+),CD30(+),CD56(-)。确诊。     

脾大部切除加断流术治疗小儿门静脉高压症(附16例临床分析)

目的探讨脾大部切除加断流术治疗小儿门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法对16例确诊为门静脉高压症的患儿行脾大部切除加断流术。随访患儿恢复情况。结果16例患儿手术顺利,恢复良好,无死亡病例。无再发消化道出血、脾功能亢进表现,无脾切除术后凶险感染出现。结论保留脾脏的脾大部切除加断流术是治疗小儿门静脉高压症一种较好的手术方法。     

胃镜检查诊断十二指肠钩虫病45例报告

钩虫病是小肠寄生虫病,常与上消化道病变并存,常规胃镜检查时发现十二指肠钩虫具有偶然性。本文在行胃镜检查的14 850例中检出十二指肠钩虫45例。提示医师在常规胃镜检查过程中,对十二指肠尤其降部应仔细观察,一旦发现寄生虫应及时取出化验确诊。