职业人群不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用

目的 探索不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系,以及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用,为预防高尿酸血症提供理论依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究设计,基于2021年10-12月来自四川省、贵州省28个地级市和重庆市33个区（县）中国铁路成都局集团有限公司的西南职业人群队列基线数据,通过问卷调查、体格测量及实验室生化检测收集研究对象的人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性非传染性疾病患病情况。不健康行为生活方式得分根据吸烟、饮酒、膳食模式、体力活动和低体重/超重状况进行评分,分值越高不健康行为生活方式越多。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康行为生活方式评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况等与高尿酸血症的关系,采用分层分析探索高血压等疾病对不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症之间关系的修饰效应。结果 共纳入11 748名研究对象,高尿酸血症患病率为34.4%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,现在吸/既往吸烟、现在饮/既往饮酒及BMI异常是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险呈现累积效应,随着得分的升高,高尿酸血症患病风险升高,OR值由1.64（95%CI：1.34~2.00）上升至2.89（95%CI：2.39~3.50）。分层分析结果显示,在高血压及血脂异常人群中,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险影响更大。结论 多种不健康行为生活方式的共存会升高高尿酸血症患病风险,这一效应在高血压、血脂异常人群中更明显。及时纠正不健康行为生活方式,并控制高血压和血脂异常,降低患高尿酸血症的风险。     

吸烟与动脉硬化性脑梗塞关系的研究

目的：探讨吸烟与动脉硬化性脑硬塞（ＡＳＣＩ）的关系。方法：对１０２例ＡＳＣＩ患者及１０８例正常人血清载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ－Ｂ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）进行测定及对比分析。结果：ＡＳＣＩ组Ａｐｏ－Ｂ比对照组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＴＣ两组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在对照组及ＡＳ－ＣＩ组吸烟者Ａｐｏ－Ｂ均高于非吸烟者（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）,而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ吸烟者明显低于非吸烟者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：吸烟能促使血清Ａｐｏ－Ｂ增高及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ下降,可以认为吸烟是ＡＳＣＩ的危险因素之一。     

1981-1993年杭州口岸航空食品卫生细菌检测分析

本文报导了自1981年-1993年对杭州→香港中国民航航班及港龙航空公司航班,九大类供机食品卫生监督检验结果及分析.按不同年份,各类食品,不同检验项目以及不同航空公司配餐食品卫生质量分别作了比较.共检供机食品969份,合格535份,不合格434份,总合格率为55.21%.不同食品的合格率比较,合格率最高的是糕点为75.22%,其次为面饭为74.32%,合格率最低的是色拉为11.11%.     

严重脑损伤后早期肠内营养支持的合理应用

目的：传统的鼻饲营养方法因脑损伤胃动力下降早期难以安全实施。本研究对４１例严重脑损伤病人实施改良后的早期鼻饲喂养计划,观察其应用的合理性和临床效果。方法：实验组采用了早期鼻饲要素膳,对照组按常规方法实施鼻饲营养支持;实验组开始时间为伤后４８ｈ,对照组为伤后６－８天。     

河南省乡镇卫生院人力资源配置研究

该文在对河南省卫生院人力资源现状调查研究的基础上,分析了乡镇卫生院人力资源配置中存在的主要问题及成困,并从理论与实际相结合的角度,提出了实现卫生院人力资源合理配置的可行性对策。     

儿童肥胖与高血压关系的研究

目的了解儿童肥胖与高血压的关系.方法运用病例对照研究的方法,在包头市小学生中对161对单纯性肥胖儿童及其相应对照进行了研究.结果单纯性肥胖儿童的收缩压、舒张压和高血压患病率均显著高于对照组.肥胖儿童中,肥胖程度越重,高血压患病率越高.结论在儿童时期,预防、控制肥胖是降低高血压及心血管疾病发生的重要措施.     

Service utilization among homeless and runaway youth in Los Angeles, California: rates and reasons

Purpose: To describe the service utilization patterns of homeless and runaway youth in a “service-rich” area of Los Angeles, California; identify demographic and other correlates of utilization; and contextualize the findings with qualitative data.

Method: During Phase 1 of this study, survey data were collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 296 youth aged 13–23 years, recruited from both service and natural “hang-out” sites using systematic sampling methods. During Phase 2, qualitative data were collected from 46 youth of varying ethnicities and lengths of time homeless.

Results: Drop-in centers and shelters were the most commonly used services (reported by 78% and 40%, respectively). Other services were used less frequently [e.g., medical services (28%), substance abuse treatment (10%) and mental health services (9%)]. Utilization rates differed by ethnicity, length of time in Los Angeles, and city of first homeless episode (Los Angeles versus all others). Shelter use was strongly associated with use of all other services. Despite youths’ generally positive reactions to services, barriers were described including rules perceived to be restrictive, and concerns youth had about confidentiality and mandated reporting. Youth suggested improvements including more targeted services, more long-term services, revised age restrictions, and more and/or better job training and transitional services to get them off the streets.

Conclusions: Because shelters and drop-in centers act as gateways to other services and offer intervention potential for these hard-to-reach youth, it is vital that we understand the perceived barriers to service utilization.     

Service utilization among homeless and runaway youth in Los Angeles, California: rates and reasons.

PURPOSE: To describe the service utilization patterns of homeless and runaway youth in a "service-rich" area (Los Angeles, California); identify demographic and other correlates of utilization; and contextualize the findings with qualitative data. METHOD: During Phase 1 of this study, survey data were collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 296 youth aged 13-23 years, recruited from both service and natural "hang-out" sites using systematic sampling methods. During Phase 2, qualitative data were collected from 46 youth of varying ethnicities and lengths of time homeless. RESULTS: Drop-in centers and shelters were the most commonly used services (reported by 78% and 40%, respectively). Other services were used less frequently [e.g., medical services (28%) and substance abuse treatment (10%) and mental health services (9%)]. Utilization rates differed by ethnicity, length of time in Los Angeles, and city of first homeless episode (Los Angeles vs. all others). Shelter use was strongly associated with use of all other services. Despite youths' generally positive reactions to services, barriers were described including restrictive rules, confidentiality and reporting problems, and negative interactions with staff members. Youth suggested improvements including more targeted services, more long-term services, revised age restrictions, and more and/or better job training and transitional services to get them off the streets. CONCLUSIONS: Because shelters and drop-in centers act as gateways to other services and offer intervention potential for these hard-to-reach youth, it is vital that barriers to use of these services are eliminated.     

"QL"煎剂对全血细胞减少及骨髓抑制的实验研究

目的:观察"QL"煎剂对由环磷酰胺(CTX)引起的大鼠全血细胞减少及骨髓抑制的疗效.方法:SD大鼠40只,分为四组,对照组给生理盐水,三个实验组均皮下注射CTX1.00mg/kg/只,实验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用QL煎剂灌胃给药0.4mg/kg/只治疗,采血测试各项指标.实验数据以均数±标准差(-x±s)表示,组间均数差异性用t检验测试.结果:实验Ⅰ组的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(Pt)及骨髓有核细胞明显减少,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.001)实验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的Hb、RBC、WBC、Pt及骨髓有核细胞比实验Ⅰ组明显增加(P＜0.01).结论:QL煎剂对CTX引起的全血细胞减少及骨髓抑制作用有明显的拮抗作用.     

急性心肌梗死早期恶性心律失常与QT JT间期离散度关系的临床分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）ＱＴ间期离散度（ＱＴＤ）、ＪＴ间期离散度（ＪＴＤ）与早期恶性心律失常的关系。方法 测量并计算ＡＭＩ体表心电图ＱＴＤ、ＪＴＤ,并与５０例正常人作对照。结果 ＡＭＩ发生恶性心律失常组ＱＴＤ,ＪＴＤ均显著大于对照组（Ｐ〉０．０１）;前壁心面梗死组的ＱＴＤ、ＪＩＴＤ明显大于下壁心肌梗死组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 ＱＴＤ、ＪＴＤ增加是ＡＭＩ早期发生恶性心律失常的重要指标之一。