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101.
This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account. 相似文献
102.
Jong Hun Kim Kwang-Yeol Park Sang Won Seo Duk L. Na Chin-Sang Chung Kwang Ho Lee Gyeong-Moon Kim 《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY》2007,3(1):62-66
The retrosplenial cortex is a cytoarchitecturally distinct brain structure located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and bordering the splenium, precuneus, and calcarine fissure. Functional imaging suggests that the retrosplenium is involved in memory, visuospatial processing, proprioception, and emotion.We report on a patient who developed reversible verbal and visual memory deficits following a stroke. Neuropsychological testing revealed both anterograde and retrograde memory deficits in verbal and visual modalities. Brain diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an acute infarction of the left retrosplenium. 相似文献
103.
Sungil Jang Eun Jung Bak Minyoung Kim Jin Moon Kim Won-Yoon Chung Jeong-Heon Cha Yun-Jung Yoo 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2010,24(7):964-968
To evaluate the inhibitory activity of wogonin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption, we investigated the effect of wogonin on osteoclastogenesis induced by LPS. Wogonin inhibited LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures of mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and bone marrow-derived pre-osteoclasts. Wogonin also suppressed osteoclastogenesis in LPS-injected mouse calvaria. In osteoblasts, the upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANKL) expression and the downregulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression by LPS were inhibited by wogonin. Wogonin and NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, suppressed LPS-stimulated PGE2 production in osteoblasts. NS-398 inhibited the effect of LPS on RANKL and OPG expression in osteoblasts. These results suggest that wogonin acts as an inhibitor of LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis through downregulation of RANKL and upregulation of OPG expression via blockage of PGE2 production. Based on these results, wogonin has potential for use as a therapeutic agent in bacteria-induced bone resorption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
A commercially available ADAC Pinnacle(3) radiation treatment planning system has been used to model electron beams from a Varian Clinac 2300C/D in the energy range of 6 to 22 MeV. Prior to clinical use, the dosimetric characteristics of the beams have to be modeled accurately. As a first step for beam modeling, a number of dose profile and depth dose measurements were taken at standard source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm. Dose profiles and depth dose measurements at extended SSDs up to 120 cm are important for ascertaining accuracy of the model, as well as their clinical usefulness in the treatment of some sites (e.g., head-and-neck tumors). Modeled and measured beam data were compared. Over 98% of comparison points (modeled vs. measured) at 100-cm SSD were within 2.5% or 2.5 mm. At 110 cm SSD, over 98% of compared points were within 4% or 4 mm, and at 120-cm SSD, over 98% of compared points were within 5% or 5 mm. Overall, more than 98% of compared points were within 4% or 4 mm. Better models were produced for lower energies (6 to 15 MeV) than higher energies (18 and 22 MeV). For 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV, 89% of compared points were within 2% or 2 mm. For 18- and 22-MeV electron energies, 75% and 67%, respectively, were within 2% or 2 mm. These results are consistent with the recommendations of AAPM Task Group Report 53. 相似文献
105.
In two comparable series of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy differing in only one technical detail, complications were significantly reduced by omitting traction on the gastrostomy tube to approximate the gastric to the abdominal wall. Radiologic studies show that traction shortened the tract (4.9 +/- 1.1 cm with traction, 11.6 +/- 2.3 cm without traction). In two patients with fasciitis, gross pericatheter leak of contrast into a short and patulous tract was observed. Tube extrusion and gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric ersion ulcers were eliminated when traction was not used. No peritonitis occurred as a result of not attempting to approximate the stomach to the abdominal wall. The data suggest that traction on the gastrostomy tube is not only unnecessary, but is the cause of many of the complications reported. 相似文献
106.
Acute exposure to a neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), in rats results in an increase in total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in selective brain regions. We investigated the effect of 3-NPA administration on the cerebral concentrations of FFA used as a marker of oxidative stress. Rats (n=3/group) were dosed subcutaneously (s.c.) either with a vehicle (phosphate buffer) or 3-NPA in phosphate buffer at 30 mg/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 6 h of injection. Brains were then dissected into frontal cortex (FC), caudate nucleus (CN), and hippocampus (HIP). The concentration of total FFA increased from 130 to 300% within 1–2 h after 3-NPA injection in all brain regions when compared with the baseline level obtained from the control rats and taken as 100%. In CN, FFA returned to the baseline level within 3 h of treatment. However, in FC and HIP the concentration of FFA remained significantly elevated above the baseline until 6 h. The released FFA provide a substrate for free radicals formation. The results of this study suggest a role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of 3-NPA toxicity. 相似文献
107.
Renal responses to magnesium lithospermate B 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
T Yokozawa T W Lee H Y Chung H Oura G Nonaka I Nishioka 《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》1990,42(10):712-715
Renal responses to magnesium lithospermate B isolated from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix were examined in normal rats. Urinary sodium, potassium, prostaglandin E2 and kallikrein excretion was significantly increased after magnesium lithospermate B administration, whereas excretion of urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 was unchanged. Rats administered with the drug also revealed a slight elevation of plasma renin activity and the levels of angiotensins I and II. Plasma aldosterone was decreased slightly. No significant changes were observed in angiotensin-converting enzyme or blood pressure. 相似文献
108.
123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy as a noninvasive screen for the diagnosis of coronary artery spasm
Jong-Won Ha Jong-Doo Lee Yangsoo Jang Namsik Chung June Kwan Se-Joong Rim Young-Joon Lee Won-Heum Shim Seung-Yun Cho Sung-Soon Kim 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》1998,5(6):591-597
Background It has been suggested that the sympathetic nervous system might play an important role in the development of coronary artery
spasm. However, no cardiac imaging modality has been able to demonstrate abnormal sympathetic innervation in patients with
coronary artery spasm. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence and location of abnormal sympathetic innervation
using iodine 123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 123I-MIBG SPECT as a noninvasive screening test in patients with coronary artery spasm.
Methods and Results Coronary arteriography and a provocative test with intravenous administration of ergonovine maleate were performed in 26 patients
(20 men, 6 women, mean age 48.2±12.0 years, range 20 to 67 years) who were suspected of having a coronary artery spasm. The
subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=18) comprised subjects with negative provocative provocative test result,
and group 2 (n=8) comprised subjects with negative provocative test results. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. No abnormal
MIBG uptake was observed in the control subjects. Abnormal sympathetic nervous innervation using 123I-MIBG SPECT was observed either as a reduced uptake or a defective pattern in the perfused areas in 13 of the 18 regions
supplied by vessels of ergonovine-induced vasospasm. Normal sympathetic innervation, as evidenced by normal 123I-MIBG uptake, was noted in all of the 60 segments of normal vessel territories. Reduced uptake of 123I-MIBG was not detected in the perfused areas of 5 vasospasm-induced vessels (perfusion territory of left anterior descending
coronary artery [LAD] and the right coronary artery [RCA] in 2 and 3 patients, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity
of 123I-MIBG for detection of coronary artery spasm were 72.2% (95% confidence interval, [CI] 55% to 89%) and 100%, respectively.
The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 100% and 92.3% (95% CI 91% to 93%), respectively.
Conclusion
123I-MIBG SPECT is a feasible method to evaluate noninvasively and localize the territories of coronary arteries with spasm.
Invasive diagnostic coronary arteriography with ergonovine provocation test may be unnecessary for diagnosis of coronary artery
spasm in patients with typical resting pain, negative exercise test or normal thallium perfusion scan results, but showing
abnormalities in 123I-MIBG SPECT.
Presented in part at the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Congress, September 1996, Copenhagen, Denmark. 相似文献
109.
M H Chung K K Chung C S Chung J S Raymond 《Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health》1992,6(1):10-15
The prevalence of major health-related behaviors and the relationship of these factors with selected sociodemographic factors were studied in South Korea. Subjects studied were household heads and their wives from 989 households. Age-standardized prevalences of smoking were 74.8% and 2.9% for men and women respectively, with no urban-rural difference. There was a tendency of younger or less-educated men smoking more heavily. The prevalence of use of alcoholic drinks were 79.8% and 26.0% for men and women respectively. More drinking was associated with a younger age and higher level of education. The mean prevalences of prenatal care, clinic or hospital delivery, and breastfeeding were 75.0%, 62.6%, and 75.2% respectively in the urban area, whereas the corresponding rates were 63.0%, 50.9%, and 81.1% in the rural area. Higher rates in prenatal care and hospital delivery were associated with a younger age and higher educational level, while breastfeeding showed the opposite trend. 相似文献
110.
A. C. W. Chan S. C. S. Chung A. P. C. Yim J. Y. W. Lau E. K. W. Ng A. K. C. Li 《Surgical endoscopy》1997,11(5):438-440
Background: The lack of depth perception and spatial orientation in video vision are the drawbacks of laparoscopic surgery. The advent of a three-dimensional camera system enables surgeons to regain binocular vision and may be advantageous in complex laparoscopic procedures. Methods: We prospectively studied two groups of surgeons (with and without experiences in laparoscopic surgery) who performed a designated standardized laparoscopic task using a two-dimensional camera system (Olympus OTV-S4) vs a three-dimensional camera system (Baxter-V. Mueller VS7700) and compared their time performances. Results: The results suggested that only experience in laparoscopic surgery had significant effect on individual's performance. We could not demonstrate any superiority of the 3D system over the 2D system. However, two-thirds of the surgeons commented that the depth perception did improve. Conclusions: With further refinement of the technology, the 3D system may improve its potential in laparoscopic surgery. 相似文献