Relationships between Activators and Inhibitors of Plasminogen, and the Progression of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: plasmin is a common activator of the known proteolytic systems involved in the aneurysmal degradation, and is reported to be associated with the expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The aim of this study was to study the activating pathways of plasminogen as predictors of the progression of AAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: one hundred and twelve of 122 male patients with a small AAA (def.: +3cm) were interviewed, examined, had blood samples taken at diagnosis, and scanned annually for 1-5 years (mean 3.5 years), and referred for surgery if the AAA exceeded 5cm in diameter.A random sample of 70 of the 112 cases had plasma levels of urokinase-like-plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type-plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), macrophage inhibiting factor (MIF), tumour-growth-factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), homocysteine, and serum levels of IgA-antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae (IgA-CP) and Cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) measured. Spearmans correlation analysis was used for statistics. RESULTS: the annual expansion rate correlated positively with tPA, IgA-CP and S-Cotinine; r =0.37 (p=0.002), 0.29 (p=0.006) and 0.24 (p=0.038), while PAI1, uPA, TGF-beta1, homocysteine, and MIF did not. S-Cotinine did also correlate positively with tPA, r=0.24 (p=0.049). CONCLUSION: the aortic matrix degradation in AAA may be partly caused by an activation of plasminogen by tPA, but apparently not by uPA, which usually dominates matrix degradation. Smoking seems to be a factor for this pathway, while the pathways of IgA-CP and MIF, a new marker of aneurysmal progression, seem different. The latter observations suggest that other proteolytic pathways are involved in the aortic wall degradation in AAA.     

聚合酶链反应诊断单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增患者脑脊液（ＣｈＦ）中病毒特异性ＤＮＡ可早期快速诊断单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎（ＨＳＥ）。１９例临床确诊的病毒性脑炎患者，经ＰＣＲ在ＣＳＦ中检出单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）１３例，全部阳性标本均经分子杂交证实为ＨＳＶ－ＤＮＡ，而１４例其他神经疾病（ＯＮＤ）对照组均为阴性，显示了这一方法的特异性。其中７例病毒性脑炎ＣＳＦ标本分别用ＰＣＲ分子杂交和病毒分离等三种方法检测ＨＳＶ；显示ＰＣＲ最为敏感。表明ＰＣＲ技术的广泛应用将提高ＨＳＥ的早期诊断水平，指导临床正确治疗。     

刮治＋自体骨移植术治疗牙源性角化囊肿（附14例报告）

本文总结了１４例应用刮治和自体骨移植术治疗大型牙源性角化囊肿的方法，１４例植骨均成活，４例术后囊肿复发，再次手术，指出：与骨断切除治疗大型角化囊肿的方法比较，此法最大的优点是有利于保持患者面容和咀嚼功能，并对大型角化囊肿的手术原则，自体骨移植问题及手术注意事项进行了讨论。     

主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术后交替脉

报道４例因主动脉瓣关闭不全行主动脉瓣置换术后的患者在术后早期出现脉搏交替现象，此时心电图为整齐的窦性心律，所记录的脉搏图形高低交替，如扪诊桡动脉时则会发现桡动脉搏数为心电图示心率的一半。患者术后均顺利恢复，显示这一现象为一过性的、良性的过程。推测这一现象出现的原因可能是术后早期主动脉瓣不再有回流，因而巨大的左室腔充盈不足，加之左室收缩力尚低，不能在每次收缩时都能射出同等量的血流所致     

环钻术治疗创伤性后尿道狭窄(附8例报告)

作者用自行设计的角膜环钻刀切除后尿道瘢痕组织,显露膜部尿道,治疗创伤性后尿道狭窄8例,术后随访7月～8年,排尿通畅,效果满意,此法简便易行。     

肝脏血管瘤的手术指征和手术方法选择（附46例报告）

目的 探讨肝脏血管瘤的手术指征和手术方法。方法 回顾性分析采用手术治疗46例肝脏血管瘤病人资料，判断其手术指征，评价不同手术方法的治疗效果厦其手术并发症发生情况。结果 46例病人中，19例采用肝叶或肝段切除术，17例出现并发症，以胸腔积液和膈下积液多见，采用血管瘤摘除术的27例病人无并发症。结论 对肝脏血管瘤直径大于5cm并有明显临床症状，或不能除外恶性肿瘤的病人可以采用手术治疗。血管瘤摘除术是安全有效、并发症少的手术方法。     

Anticocaine catalytic antibodies

Cocaine mediates its reinforcing and toxic actions through a "loss of function" effect at multiple receptors. The difficulties inherent in blocking a pleiotropic blocker pose a great obstacle for the classical receptor-antagonist approach and have contributed to the failure (to date) to devise specific treatments for cocaine overdose and addiction. As an alternative, we have embarked on an investigation of catalytic antibodies, a programmable class of artificial enzyme, as "peripheral blockers" -- agents designed to bind and degrade cocaine in the circulation before it partitions into the central nervous system to exert reinforcing or toxic effects. We synthesized transition-state analogs of cocaine's hydrolysis at its benzoyl ester, immunized mice, prepared hybridomas and developed the first anticocaine catalytic antibodies with the capacity to degrade cocaine to nonreinforcing, nontoxic products. We subsequently identified several families of anticocaine catalytic antibodies and found that the most potent antibody possessed sufficient activity to block cocaine-induced reinforcement, organ dysfunction and sudden death in rodent models of addiction, toxicity and overdose, respectively. With the potential to promote cessation of use, prolong abstinence and provide a treatment for acute overdose, the artificial enzyme approach comprehensively responds to the problem of cocaine.     

抗体包被对红细胞变形性影响的研究

作者对抗体包被的红为性进行研究，发现抗体包被改变了红细胞的变形性，在我们研究的抗体量范围内，抗体量越多，红细胞的变形性越小，作者从血液流变学的角度对上述结果作了讨论，并提出了通过测定其对红细胞变形性的影响来比较准确地标定抗体效价的可能性。