Acute and chronic effects of ginseng total saponin and amphetamine on fixed-interval performance in rats

The effect of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on amphetamine (AMPH)-induced disruption of fixed-interval (FI) responding in rats was examined. GTS (50 mg/kg) significantly improved the temporal responding impaired by 2 mg/kg of AMPH. A higher dose of 100 mg/kg GTS disrupted performance when given alone; this disruption was reversed by a low dose of AMPH (0.5 mg/kg) and tolerance developed to the effects of GTS with its repeated administration. Neurochemical analysis revealed that GTS (50 mg/kg) attenuated the increase in striatal dopamine caused by AMPH leading to the conclusion that brain dopamine may partially mediate the behavioral effects of GTS.     

肺癌患者血清一氧化氮浓度变化的观察

为了解肿瘤患者体内ＮＯ变化规律,应用萘乙烯二胺盐酸盐显色法对２５例健康人及１８例肺癌患者者进行了血清ＮＯ含量测定,同时采用放射免疫法进行了ＴＮＦ－α及ＳＯＤ平行测定。结果示,肺癌患者血清ＮＯ及ＴＮＦ－α含量明显高于对照组,而血清ＳＯＤ含量明显低于对照组,ＮＯ含量与ＴＮＦ－α及ＳＯＤ含量间不存在明显相关性变化,肺癌患者血清,ＮＯ浓度随病情严重程度及病程延长而增加,与肿瘤病理分型无明显相关。     

梗死前心绞痛发作对急性心肌梗死近期预后的影响

目的：评价急性心肌梗死发病前４８小时内的心绞痛发作对急性心肌梗死近期预后的影响。方法：将８７１例急性心肌梗死前４８小时内有心绞痛组３７８例,梗死前无心绞痛４９３例,对两组住院期间的并发症和病死率进行比较分析,结果：发生心绞痛组的心肌梗死范围较小,住院期间病率、心力衰竭、心源性休克、室速的发生率均低于梗死前无心绞痛组。末溶栓组和溶栓未再通组,梗死前有心绞痛发作者的近期预后较无心绞痛者好,而两组溶栓冠     

胰原性区域性门脉高压症血流动力学的临床研究

目的：研究胰原性区域性门脉高压症静脉血流动力学改变。方法：利用彩色多普勒及直接测量法测量血流动力学及脾静脉压力。结果：门静脉、肠系膜上静脉的血管直径、平均流速在两组间无差异。实验组脾静脉直径扩张,流速降低且静脉压力明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：胰原疾病可导致区域性门脉高压,正确的治疗方法是行脾脏切除术。     

色甘胺醇气雾剂的高效液相色谱测定法

目的： 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定色甘胺醇气雾剂中的２ 个有效成分色甘酸钠和硫酸沙丁胺醇。方法： 采用Ｃ１８ 色谱柱, 以０－０２ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 醋酸铵（ 用冰醋酸调节ｐＨ 为６－０ ±０－１） － 甲醇（１００∶３０） 为流动相, 检测波长为２２７ ｎｍ－ 结果： 色甘酸钠和硫酸沙丁胺醇的平均回收率（ ｎ ＝ ５）分别为９９－１２ ％ 和９９－９８ ％ ; 精密度（ ＲＳＤ） 分别为１－１ ％ 和１－０ ％ 。结论： 该测定方法简便快速     

药流与负压吸宫法的效果和可接受性研究

研究的目的:比较RU486/Cytotec药物和负压吸宫术两种流产方法的效果,以及医学的和个人的可接受性.对象为通过咨询,介绍两种流产方法后,让对象自愿选择而组成.年龄在20～34岁.药物组100例,闭经35～42天,第1天口服RU486 600mg,第3天服Cytotec(PGE1)0.4mg,第17、43天回医院随访.手术组100例,闭经≤56天,负压吸宫术后第14、43天回医院随访.结果:完全流产率药物组为89%,手术组为100%.对象选择这两种流产方法的主要原因:药物组94%的人认为痛苦少,手术组的55%认为手术快、节省时间,而且手术同时可取出或放置宫内节育器(占45%).结论:RU486/Cytotec药物流产和负压吸宫术在各自适合的人群中都具有高度的可接受性.两种方法各具优缺点,不能相互取代,二者相辅相成,取长补短,将使终止妊娠的措施更为安全     

Transport approaches to the biopharmaceutical design of oral drug delivery systems: prediction of intestinal absorption

For almost a half century scientists have striven to develop a theoretical model capable of predicting oral drug absorption in humans. From the pH-partition hypothesis to the compartmental absorption and transit (CAT) model, various qualitative/quantitative approaches have been proposed, revised and extended. In this review, these models are classified into three categories; quasi-equilibrium models, steady-state models and dynamic models. The quasi-equilibrium models include the pH-partition hypothesis and the absorption potential concept, the steady-state models include the film model and the mass balance approaches, and the dynamic models include the dispersion, mixing tank and CAT models. The quasi-equilibrium models generally provide a basic guideline for understanding drug absorption trends. The steady-state models can be used to estimate the fraction of dose absorbed. The dynamic models predict both the fraction of dose absorbed and the rate of drug absorption and can be related to pharmacokinetic models to evaluate plasma concentration profiles.     

Amplifications of oncogeneerbB-2 and chromosome 20q in breast cancer determined by differentially competitive polymerase chain reaction

Summary A new method of measuring gene copy number in small samples of DNA was used to measure amplification of theerbB-2 gene and of chromosome 20q in breast cancers. This method, termed differentially competitive polymerase chain reaction (DC-PCR) combines the advantages of two other techniques for measuring amplification by PCR, namely differential PCR and competitive PCR. The DC-PCR methodology was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity by comparing amplification oferbB-2 measured by DC-PCR with that obtained by fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) for 42 cases or Southern blotting and/or slot blot analysis for 34 cases. There was over 90 percent concordance with both FISH and Southern blotting and/or slot blot analysis.DC-PCR was used to further characterize the newly described amplicon at chromosome 20q. By analyzing DNA from 10 breast cancer cell lines at 7 different loci, we identified a potential common region of amplification of approximately 5 centimorgans at chromosome 20q13 bordered by loci D20S52 and RMC20C001-S1. One hundred and seventeen cases of primary breast cancer were evaluated for amplification at these two loci. Amplification at one or more loci, defined as > 1.5 fold higher copy number than that of normal DNA, was found in 25 cases (21%). Sixteen cases were amplified at only one of the two probes (12 cases for RMC20C001-S1 and 4 cases for D20S52), suggesting that the target gene lies between the two markers or that there are two independent target genes within a small chromosome region.