Using Interrupted Time Series Design to Analyze Changes in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Incidence during the Declining Incidence Periods of 2008-2010 in China

ObjectiveTo identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010.MethodsReported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed. An interrupted time series (ITS) technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years.ResultsOver 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level (P<0.0001) when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 (all P<0.005), but not 2009 to 2008.ConclusionIncremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.     

Thymocyte Membrane Changes and Modifications of Interphase Death

Summary

A reduction in the rate of interphase death of X-irradiated thymocytes is observed when they are previously treated with triton X-100 or trypsin at low concentrations. The data obtained demonstrate the importance of the structural integrity of the cell surface in the initiation of processes leading to interphase death of lymphoid cells.     

腰椎三维有限元模型的建立及模拟高载荷环境的受力分析

目的建立飞行员腰椎三维有限元模型,证明模型与临床的一致性。方法通过建立飞行员腰椎三维有限元模型,模拟高+Gz的环境下腰椎受力情况,并结合48例飞行员临床腰椎X线损伤的情况分析。结果飞行员腰椎三维有限元模型模拟的腰椎应力损伤情况与临床x线表现一致,L1楔形变高发。结论腰椎三维有限元模型可模拟飞行员高+Gz的环境下腰椎受力状态。