中华按蚊感染马来丝虫后蚊存活率的变化

实验室驯化的中华按蚊，通过人胎盘膜，吸取含马来丝虫微丝蚴的新鲜兔血而获感染。在温度为２８℃，相对湿度为７５－８５％的实验条件下，观察了中华按蚊感染马来丝虫主存活率的变化。结果表明，感染微丝蚴密度最高组蚊的存活率比其它各组明显下降。     

水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨的制备及性能分析(英文)

目的:制备水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,并进行性能分析。方法:高温法制备出磷酸四钙,然后在模拟体内环境下将其与无水磷酸氢钙发生水化固化反应,合成水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,采用X线衍射、扫描电镜观察、体积密度、吸水率、孔隙率及耐压强度测量进行性能分析。结果:该人工骨主要成分为低结晶度的羟基磷灰石;微观结构呈针状或花瓣状晶体构成,微孔直径约4-10 μm,孔隙相互交通;平均体积密度为1.922 g·cm~(-3);平均吸水率为15.503％;孔隙率为29.777％;耐压强度为42.70 MPa。结论:本研究所制人工骨具有三维空间结构,力学性能符合人体非负重骨植骨要求。     

Principles for managing penetrating craniocerebral injuries caused by firearm missiles

Penetrating craniocerebral firearm injuries remain one of the most lethal causes of all trauma and are common both in war or peace time. Data were reviewed for 4140 severely head-injured patients (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores 3-8) treated at Xi-Jing Hospital between 1973 and 1993; 51 of these patients had acute penetrating craniocerebral injuries caused by firearm missiles. These patients consisted of 46 males (90.2%) and 5 females (9.8%) ranging in age from 3 months to 48 years (median 22.4 years). The lesion types included 2 tangential wounds, 37 tubular wounds and 12 through-and-through wounds. All cases were urgent with the patients in severe and unstable states. After emergency treatment and operation, 5 cases died (9.8%). Follow up studies at three months showed that 23 cases (45.1%) had made a good recovery. Moderate disability, severe disability and vegetative states in this series were 29.4%, 13.7% and 2.0% respectively. Long term follow up studies indicated that 32 were able to resume their occupation. The principles for managing penetrating craniocerebral firearm injuries and suggestions for operation are discussed.     

脑干区占位病变的手术入路

本文报告了1990年5月以来脑干区大型、复杂占位病变15例.其中,位于脑干内3例,脚间窝2例,岩尖部4例,全岩骨区1例,全斜坡区2例,第四脑室内3例.本组采用以扩大了的岩骨入路为主的联合入路,行肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除5例.2例仅作了活检加减压术.除1例死亡外,均恢复良好.本文结合文献,对脑干区手术入路进行了讨论.     

上睑下垂78例手术分析

用额肌悬吊术或提上睑肌缩短术治疗７８例上睑下垂病例，治愈７眼，基本治愈１２眼，矫正不足３眼，矫正过度２眼，笔者认为，术前分析病因；注意提上睑肌肌力的测定；采用适当的手术方法，是手术成功的关键。     

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma on the Palm

Abstract: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a xanthomatous and granulomatous condition that frequently arises before 1 year of age and mainly occurs on the head and trunk. We report a rare solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma on the right palm of a 10-year-old girl, present for one year. This solitary involvement of the palm has been reported only twice before.     

对居民使用液化气健康效应的初步探讨

对液化气燃烧后室内空气污染进行了流行病学调查，结果显示，液化气燃烧可造成ＳＯ＿２、ＮＯ＿２、空气总悬浮颗粒物和总烃类的室内空气污染。小鼠接触三个月出现Ｔ淋巴细胞计数降低、睡眠时间延长、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率增加、肺组织匀浆Ａｍｅｓ试验阳性率增高、雄性小鼠精子畸形率增加，并有明显的剂量－反应关系。对接触５年以上的人群调查发现，呼吸道、鼻和眼的自觉症状明显增加，咽炎、鼻炎、结膜炎患病率增高。人群尿液浓缩物Ａｍｅｓ试验和外周血红细胞微核率检出阳性结果，可能与液化气燃烧废气中含有致突变污染物有关。     

重型颅脑损伤持续颅内压及脑灌注压监护与预后关系

作者对５０例重型颅脑损伤患者（ＧＣＳ３－８分），及５０例伤情与诊断和手术方式基本相似的另一组患者进行颅内压（ＩＣＰ）与脑灌注压（ＣＣＰ）连续监测对比研究。结果表明，监护组除８例ＩＣＰ压力＜２．００ｋＰａ，ＣＰＰ＞９．３３ｋＰａ外，余４２例均有不同程度ＩＣＰ增高与ＣＰＰ降低。这些患者分别为创伤性颅内血肿、广泛性脑挫裂伤、继发性脑水肿或脑肿胀等，均采取积极的手术及综合治疗。死亡率为１４％。非监护组治疗方法与监护组相同，预后较差且并发症多，死亡率为２８％。作者认为，对重型颅脑损伤患者施行连续ＩＣＰ、ＣＰＰ监护，是降低并发症和死亡率，提高疗效的有力措施，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Gadolinium-enhanced breath-hold three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography of the abdominal and pelvic vessels: The value of ultrafast MP-RAGE sequences

MR angiography (MRA) was performed in 50 consecutive subjects (mean age, 59 years), who had been referred for abdominal MRA, on a 1.5-T superconductive unit that used a body phased-array coil. Three breath-hold three-dimensional sequences were evaluated both in phantom and clinical studies: (a) standard fast three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence (TR = 15, TE = 6; imaging time, 32 seconds), (b) ultrafast three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence (TR = 8.2, TE = 3; imaging time, 18 seconds), and (c) ultrafast magnetization-prepared (MP) rapid acquisition gradient echo (RAGE) (TR = 5.8, TE = 2.9, inversion time [TI] = 20; imaging time, 15 seconds). The initial 30 patients were randomized into three groups by three separate sequences. For the remaining 20 patients, ultrafast-gradient-echo and ultrafast MP-RAGE sequences were performed. Conventional angiography was performed on 36 patients. Signal measurements of the phantom and clinical images of the aorta, visceral branches of the aorta, iliac arteries, inferior vena cavae, and portal veins were performed. The overall image quality and background fatty tissue contrast of the vessels were rated subjectively. Comparison of images between MRA and conventional angiography also was performed. The contrast between the vessels and background fatty tissue was significantly higher in the ultrafast MP-RAGE sequence in both quantitative and qualitative analysis, and image-quality ultrafast MP-RAGE was superior to the other two sequences (P < .01). The aorta and iliac arteries could be visualized in all pulse sequences, and abnormalities of these vessels were diagnosed correctly. The renal artery was visualized more clearly with the two ultrafast sequences.     

子宫内膜异位症患者子宫内膜人白细胞抗原的免疫组化研究

目的 研究子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位和异位子宫内膜人白细胞抗原HLA—DR的表达。方法 采用酶标链霉亲合素—生物素(LSAB)技术对19例内异症不孕患者在位和异位子宫内膜腺细胞HLA—DR抗原的表达进行免疫组化研究，以19例非子宫内膜异位症的不孕患者作为对照。结果 内异症患者在位和异位子宫内膜腺细胞HLA—DR抗原的表达较对照组明显增强(P＜0．01)。结论 子宫内膜HLA—DR抗原的异常表达可能参与了内异症免疫学异常的发生。