Characteristics of teenage mothers and predictors of breastfeeding initiation in the Michigan WIC Program in 1995. Women, Infants, and Children.

Although breast milk is recommended as the optimal source of infant nutrition, breastfeeding initiation is below recommended levels, especially among teenage mothers. Breastfeeding initiation rates among Michigan (US) teenage mothers (12-19 y) were compared by demographics and health behaviors. Multivariate analyses determined which factors were significant independent predictors of breastfeeding initiation among teenage mothers enrolled prenatally in the Michigan Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in 1995. Significant predictors independently associated with breastfeeding initiation were race/ethnicity, education, marital status, postpartum anemia status, parity, prenatal trimester of WIC enrollment, and smoking. The strongest predictor of breastfeeding initiation differed for white mothers (positive predictor: education beyond high school [OR = 3.13]) and black mothers (negative predictor: multiparous [OR = 0.25]). Initiation rates for this population of teenage mothers fall below the national average for mothers of all ages and the US Healthy People 2010 goals. Research is needed concerning how breastfeeding support and education can be improved to reach the US national health goals.     

单甲氧聚乙二醇化学修饰药物酶的研究进展

用单甲氧基聚乙二醉(1)化学修饰药物酶是生化药物研究开发的重要手段之一。本文综述了1化学修饰药物酶的一般方法及修饰后酶在生物和理化性质方面的变化，同时对1研究前景进行展望，并指出了尚待解决的问题。     

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复多指皮肤缺损

目的报道应用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复多手指软组织缺损的方法。方法应用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损16例38指。结果术后16例38块皮瓣全部存活。随访时间为4个月～1年，皮瓣外形优良，不臃肿，皮瓣两点分辨觉为5～9mm。供区植皮成活，掌背有环形瘢痕，少许色素沉着。结论掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣操作方便，易切取，损伤小，不牺牲主干动脉，手术可同时切取多块皮瓣修复多指软组织缺损，是修复多手指皮肤软组织缺损的良好方法。     

脑内缝隙连接

缝隙连接普遍存在于动物组织中，具有重要的生理功能。近年来，由于分子生物学等技术的应用，对许多组织的缝隙连接蛋白的特性及其功能的研究取得了很大进展。本文重点介绍脑内缝隙连接蛋白的类型，分布及其生物物理学和药理学特性，并阐述胶质细胞之间、神经元之间缝隙连接的作用，以及缝隙连接与脑发育和癫痫等神经系统疾病的关系。     

Importance of an immunodominant surface-exposed loop on outer membrane protein P2 of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) frequently causes recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in humans. Previous indirect evidence suggested that a strain-specific immune response occurs following infection and that this immune response is directed at an immunodominant epitope on the bacterial surface. To test this hypothesis, mice and rabbits were immunized with whole cells of a strain of NTHI and the antiserum was characterized to identify the antigens to which antibodies were directed. All animals made a prominent antibody response to the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule, which is the major outer membrane protein. Rabbit serum showed complement-dependent bactericidal activity. Adsorption of the immune serum with the loop 5 fusion peptide removed bactericidal activity and also abolished reactivity to P2 detected by an immunoblot assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. These data indicate that immunization with whole cells of NTHI results in a prominent antibody response which is directed at epitopes on the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule. Thus, a strain-specific immune response to NTHI occurs as a result of the expression of an immunodominant epitope on the P2 molecule.     

牙源性脓肿标本中的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株分离鉴定

本文对４４例牙源性脓肿（尖周脓肿２４例，牙周脓肿１２例，冠周脓肿８例）脓液标本中的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株进行分离、培养、鉴定。其中３８例存在产黑菌群，以中间型类杆菌阳性率最高。牙龈类杆菌在牙周脓肿中检出率最高。２４例尖周脓肿可分离出６株牙髓类杆菌而其它两种牙源性脓肿则无牙髓类杆菌，推测该菌与牙髓尖周感染的病理过程有关。     

Identification of Leishmania donovani isolates from different kala-azar foci in China by kDNA hybridization.

kDNA sequence homology of Leishmania donovani isolates from three types of kala-azar foci in China were analyzed by using dot and Southern hybridization with biotin- and 32P-labelled probes. The results revealed kDNA sequence heterogeneity among Leishmania donovani isolates from the three kala-azar foci: sequence homology between isolates of hill and desert foci was higher than that between hill and plain foci isolates. The kDNA hybridization technique was also found to be specific and sensitive for direct identification of Leishmania in animal tissues. In a preliminary survey, kDNA hybridization of cutaneous tissue blots of 71 dogs from endemic regions showed a positive rate of 40.8%, and the rate of double positive cases (touch blot hybridization and bone marrow smear) reached 91.3%. The direct identification of Leishmania in tissues by kDNA hybridization seems to be a useful and convenient method for epidemiological study and clinical diagnosis, especially for species/strain characterization.     

单片机自动灌流系统设计及其医学应用

介绍一种用单片机构成的自动灌流控制系统。它以灌流压为控制指标，以ＬＤＢ－Ｍ电子蠕动泵作为执行机构，构成闭环控制系统，能实现用户设定的各种液流压曲线。系统内采用了ＥＥＰＲＯＭ存储器，可对用户设定的多达１０条灌流曲线进行长期保存。     

选择性髂内动脉结扎与栓塞对盆腔血供的影响

目的：旨在探讨选择性髂内动脉结扎与栓塞两种方法对盆腔血供的影响。方法：将两组犬在膀胱上动脉分支以下之髂内动脉分别行结扎与栓塞，对比观察两组膀胱创面出血、盆腔动脉造影及盆腔脏器组织学变化，以确定其盆腔脏器的血供情况。结果：①结扎组膀胱创面出血明显大于栓塞组；②结扎组髂内动脉侧支循环建立时间明显早于且数目多于栓塞组；③两组盆腔脏器均未见缺血坏死。结论：栓塞组阻断髂内动脉侧支循环的数目多于结扎组，故对盆腔血供的影响大于结扎组。避免髂内动脉阻断范围过广可减少盆腔脏器缺血坏死的机会。     

人精浆对不同丝裂原诱导淋转反应的影响

本文通过人精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM三种丝裂原诱导淋巴细胞转化反应的影响,间接了解HSP对T辅助、T抑制和B淋巴细胞功能的影响,结果发现不同浓度的精浆对三种丝裂原诱导的淋转反应均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05),且三种浓度HSP的抑制作用在无显著性差异(P>0.05);中浓度的精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM诱导转反应的抑制率分别为69.7、51.7和48.3％,说明精浆对机体的T辅助、T抑制性和B淋巴细胞功能均有明显的抑制作用。此外,还对精浆的免疫抑制作用机理和意义进行了讨论。