46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of patients with initially di-agnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1995 to December 1998, 46 NPC patients with distant metastases were treated in Fujian provincial cancer hospital. Among these pa-tients, 43 were single site metastasis and 3 were multiple sites metastases;The site of metastasis were 19 pa-tients in the liver, 11 in the bone, 7 in the lung, 1 in the brain, 6 in mediastinal nodes and 6 in axillary lymph nodes. All patients received standard radiotherapy to the primary site and cervical node region with a median dose of 72 Gy. Forty-one patients (89%) received 1-5 cycles chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-flu-orouracil), and 23 (50%) received palliative irradiation to the metastatic site. Results The median surviv-al time was 20 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66%, 47%, 30% and 19%, respectively. Irradiation to the metastatic sites and KPS were the significant prognostic factors. Pa-tients with palliative irradiation to the metastatic site had longer survival than those without (39 months vs. 13 months, X2=8.63, P=0.012). Patients with good performance status (KPS≥80) had better outcomes thanthose with poor performance status (26 months vs. 12 months, X2= 3.95, P=0.035) . Conclusions Active therapy may prolong the survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic NPC, especially for those who have good performance status. Under systematic chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site and supportive care, the palliative irradiation to the metastatic site may also yield a good result.     

灯盏细辛黄酮类成分对压力诱导的视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的影响

目的考察灯盏细辛中黄酮类成分(总黄酮、灯盏花素)对体外高压诱导的视网膜神经节细胞(retinal gan-glion cells,RGCs)凋亡的影响,探讨其视神经保护作用的物质基础。方法采用胰酶消化法将24只出生2~3d的SD(Sprague-Dawley)乳鼠视网膜制成细胞悬液,接种于经多聚鸟氨酸(HA)和层粘连蛋白(LN)包被的盖玻片中。培养72h后,将覆有细胞的血盖片转入加压装置中,加入黄酮类成分,继续培养48h,采用Fas蛋白免疫组化染色法及原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(Tunel-POD)法进行检测,每天观察细胞形态,同时对部分细胞行NSE染色检查。结果细胞生长良好,NSE染色表明,85%以上的细胞为RGCs。给药组的Fas蛋白阳性表达指数和凋亡指数均明显低于模型组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论黄酮类成分均能对抗压力诱导的RGCs凋亡,为灯盏细辛视神经保护的有效组分。     

下颌第一磨牙三维有限元模型的建立

目的：建立下颌第一磨牙三维有限元模型。方法：通过螺旋CT扫描的方法，利用Mimics、Geomagic Studio 7等图像处理软件，HyperMesh网格自动划分软件，通过特定的MSC．MARC有限元软件建立下颌第一磨牙三维有限元模型。结果：准确的建立了牙本质、牙釉质、髓腔、牙槽骨、牙周膜等组织形态的三维有限元模型。结论：本实验建模方法可行性强，方便快捷，具有良好的生物力学与几何力学相似性。为临床口腔医师提供了一种简捷而精确的有限元建模方法。     

肾移植术后普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂对移植肾功能影响的系统评价

目的评价肾移植术后普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂对受者移植肾功能影响的差异。方法遵循Cochrane肾脏协作组随机对照试验检索策略，检索MEDLINE（1994—2006．3）、EMBASE（1994～2006．3）、中国生物医学文献数据库CBM（1994—2006．3）、Cochrane图书馆（2005年第4期）与肾移植相关的8种中文杂志。采用Revman4．2．7进行Meta分析。结果共有5个随机对照试验纳入研究，包括1671例同种异体尸体肾移植患者。结论肾移植术后使用普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂相比受者移植肾功能无明显差异，但环孢素A微乳剂肾毒性发生率较高。     

肾盂输尿管癌细胞增殖与凋亡的相关性

目的探讨Ki-67和凋亡（Apoptosis）在肾盂输尿管癌中的表达及其与肿瘤细胞分级、病理分期及预后的关系。方法采用SABC法和TUNEL法对34例肾盂输尿管癌行Ki-67和凋亡检测。结果Ki-67和凋亡在肿瘤细胞分级间存在显著差异,Ki-67index：G2与G1比较P〈0.05,G3与G2比较P〈0.05,G3与G1比较P〈0.01;Apoptosis index：G2与G1比较P〈0.05,G3与G2比较P〈0.05,G3与G1比较P〈0.01。Ki-67和凋亡在肿瘤病理分期的T3与T1及T2与T1之间有显著差异,T2与T1比较P〈0.05,T3与T1比较P〈0.01,但T3与T2比较P〉0.05;Ki-67index以20%为界分为二组,Apoptosis index以3%为界分为二组,组间生存率有显著差异（P〈0.05）。Ki-67在肾盂输尿管癌中的表达与凋亡一致。结论肾盂输尿管癌细胞增殖与凋亡密切相关;凋亡可作为临床判断肾盂输尿管癌恶性程度、病理分期、细胞分级以及预后的一种客观量化指标。     

直肠癌Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻的防治(附5例报告)

目的:探讨直肠癌Miles术后内疝性肠梗阻的原因、预防和诊治.方法:对1998年1月至2006年10月间收治的直肠癌Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻5例进行回顾性分析.结果:Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻的发生率为6%(5/82),表现术后不同程度的腹胀,阵发性腹痛,呕吐,胃管引流液每天超过500 mL者,结肠造瘘口无排气排便;腹部轻压痛,肠鸣音活跃或亢进.腹部立、卧位X线片检查,均发现肠腔扩张、多个液平或孤立性肠袢扩张.5例均行剖腹探查而证实,疝内容物为回肠,其中行单纯粘连松解复位2例,部分回肠切除、端端吻合术3例.再次手术后均痊愈出院.结论:Miles术后内疝性肠梗阻常缺乏典型的临床表现,早期诊断和及时剖腹探查是处理的关键,其重点在于预防.     

Systemic Antiinflammatory Corticosteroid Reduces Mechanical Pain Behavior, Sympathetic Sprouting, and Elevation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Background: Chronic pain models are commonly defined as either nerve-injury or inflammation models, but recent work suggests inflammatory processes are important in nerve injury-induced pain.

Methods: In the rat spinal nerve ligation model, the authors examined effects of systemic corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the cytokine protein profile and sympathetic sprouting in the axotomized sensory ganglia, excitability of sensory neurons, and mechanical sensitivity.

Results: By postoperative day 3, marked increases (5- to 16-fold) in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC or CXCL1), and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed, whereas IL-4 and IL-2 levels fell more than fourfold. The increased cytokines and number of sympathetic basket formations in the sensory ganglia were reduced toward normal values by TA given starting at the time of injury. Interleukin-4 and IL-2 levels were not restored by TA. Systemic TA also reduced the firing rate and incidence of bursting activity, but not the overall incidence of spontaneous activity, in large- and medium-sized neurons. Mechanical hypersensitivity on postoperative day 3 was reduced by TA, and some effect could still be observed 4 days after cessation of TA. However, starting TA at day 7 was ineffective.     

阿片类药物依赖者立体定向脑深部核团毁损手术前患者心理症状特征

目的:了解主动要求立体定向脑深部核团毁损术治疗药物依赖的群体术前心理症状的特征。方法:选择2004-07/11自愿在沈阳军区总医院神经外科手术治疗的阿片类药物依赖连续病例34例。采用90项症状自评量表独立测试评估心理健康状况,计算机获得结果。与国内常模和国内燕殿学组、朱军红组、万萍组所测结果进行统计学分析。结果以“均值±标准差”表示,应用SPSS软件对测量结果进行t检验。结果:34例患者均完成量表测试,全部进入结果分析。①主动要求手术治疗的患者,多为32岁左右的男性已婚的个体经营者患者。依赖物质以海洛因为主;首吸年龄小;持续时间长;滥用方式多;复吸率高,并以心理依赖为主。②症状自评量表测查,总分中最高分374分、160分以上者23例占67.6%,平均分高于国内常模,差异有显著性[(38.29±4.08),(24.92±18.4),P<0.001]。阳性项目数最高分86分、43分以上者24例占70.6%,平均分高于国内常模,差异有显著性。③心理障碍总患病率高达91.2%。心理障碍因子分超出常模的构成比从高到低分别为:抑郁和躯体化、焦虑、强迫、敌对、精神病性和其他、偏执、恐怖以及人际关系。心理障碍显现强度的排列为,抑郁、敌对、强迫和其他、躯体化、焦虑、人际关系、偏执、精神病性以及恐怖。④与国内燕殿学组比较差异无显著性;与朱军红组比较,仅强迫因子差异有显著性;与万萍组所测结果比较,躯体、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病症状因子差异均有显著性。结论:阿片类药物依赖的患者术前心理障碍是普遍存在的临床问题。了解患者术前心理症状的特征,便于围手术期医学干预方法的选择。有利于对术后疗效做出科学的评价。     

外引流术后的白内障超声乳化手术

目的：探讨抗青光眼餐引流术后的白内障患眼进行超声乳化吸除术的手术入路，操作方式及临床效果。方法：避开功能性滤过泡，选择角巩膜隧道切口或透明角膜切口，瞳孔麻痹性散大时，做一个完美的直径约5mm的连续环形撕囊以补偿之；恰当处理虹膜后粘连后，在病理性小瞳孔下完成超声乳化手术；眼压失控者行青光眼白内障人工晶体植入三联术。结果：无后囊破裂，人工晶体全部囊袋内植入，术后1周视力≥0．5者20只眼（64．5％），0．1－0．4者8只眼（25．8％），＜0．1者3只眼（9．7％）。随访1－16个月，眼压均在20.55mmHg以下。结论：体外流术后的白内障患眼，超声乳化手术因其切口小，并发症少，不破坏功能性滤过泡，不损伤瞳孔，是目前各种手术方法中的最佳选择。     

催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌

目的　研究催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌。　方法　在非离子表面活性剂 Tween- 80存在下 ,于 p H9.5 0 NH3- NH4 Cl缓冲溶液中 ,Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 meso- 4 (4 -甲基 ,3-磺基苯基 )卟啉 (TTPS4 )的显色反应。　结果　 Zn( )与 TTPS4 、Tween- 80形成很稳定的三元配合物 ,其ε=3.86× 10 5,Zn( )浓度在 0 .0 0 5～ 0 .10μg/ m L,符合比尔定律 ,检出限为 0 .0 0 1μg/ m L。　结论　 Tween- 80对 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色有增敏 ,而 Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色反应 ,应用本法可直接测定灵芝中的微量锌