Efficacy and safety of solifenacin plus tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a meta-analysis

We performed a meta-analysis to compare treatment with a combination of solifenacin plus tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system (TOCAS) with placebo or TOCAS monotherapy. The aim of the meta-analysis was to clarify the efficacy and safety of the combination treatments method for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We searched for trials of men with LUTS that were randomized to combination treatment compared with TOCAS monotherapy or placebo. We pooled data from three placebo-controlled trials meeting inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes of interest included changes in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and urinary frequency. We also assessed postvoid residual, maximum urinary flow rate, incidence of urinary retention (UR), adverse events. Data were pooled using random or fixed effect models for continuous outcomes and the Mantel–Haenszel method to generate risk ratio. Reductions in IPSS storage subscore and total urgency and frequency score (TUFS) were observed with solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS compared with placebo (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Reductions in IPSS storage subscore and TUFS were observed with solifenacin 9 mg plus TOCAS compared with placebo (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0006, respectively). Reductions in TUFS was observed with solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS compared with TOCAS (P = 0.01). Both combination treatments were well tolerated, with low incidence of UR. Solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS significantly improved total IPSS, storage and voiding symptoms compared with placebo. Solifenacin 6 mg plus TOCAS also improved storage symptoms compared with TOCAS alone. There was no additional benefit of solifenacin 9 mg compared with 6 mg when used in combination with TOCAS.     

Ultrasound Modulates the Splenic Neuroimmune Axis in Attenuating AKI

We showed previously that prior exposure to a modified ultrasound regimen prevents kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) likely via the splenic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). However, it is unclear how ultrasound stimulates the splenic CAP. Further investigating the role of the spleen in ischemic injury, we found that prior splenectomy (–7d) or chemical sympathectomy of the spleen with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA; –14d) exacerbated injury after subthreshold (24-minute ischemia) IRI. 6-OHDA–induced splenic denervation also prevented ultrasound-induced protection of kidneys from moderate (26-minute ischemia) IRI. Ultrasound-induced protection required hematopoietic but not parenchymal α7nAChRs, as shown by experiments in bone marrow chimeras generated with wild-type and α7nAChR^–/– mice. Ultrasound protection was associated with reduced expression of circulating and kidney-derived cytokines. However, splenocytes isolated from mice 24 hours after ultrasound treatment released more IL-6 ex vivo in response to LPS than splenocytes from sham mice. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from ultrasound-treated (but not sham) mice to naïve mice was sufficient to protect kidneys of recipient mice from IRI. Ultrasound treatment 24 hours before cecal ligation puncture–induced sepsis was effective in reducing plasma creatinine in this model of AKI. Thus, splenocytes of ultrasound-treated mice are capable of modulating IRI in vivo, supporting our ongoing hypothesis that a modified ultrasound regimen has therapeutic potential for AKI and other inflammatory conditions.     

十二指肠隔绝术对2型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用

目的 通过在2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的十二指肠肠腔内放置套管,从而达到了避免食物与十二指肠黏膜直接接触的作用,观察该术式对糖尿病大鼠各项相关指标地影响,并评估其治疗效果.方法 选取24只雄性,Goto-Kakizaki (GK)大鼠,应用随机数字表进行随机分组:实验组(套管组)和对照组(假手术组),每组12只大鼠,分别观察术前(0周),术后第1、3、6、12周大鼠体质量、日均摄食量、空腹血糖(FGB)和术前(0周),术后6、12周糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平.结果 两组术前指标差异无明显统计学意义.术后1周各组大鼠的体质量和日均摄食量较之术前均有明显的降低:实验组体质量术前(262.6±5.6) gvs术后(224.0±6.3)g;实验组摄食量术前(25.5±2.7) g vs术后(16.5±3.0)g,P＜0.05,对照组变化情况同实验组,P＜0.05.两组大鼠术后3周、6周、12周体质量逐渐增加.实验组日均摄食量术后始终低于术前,P ＜0.05.对照组3周后体质量和日均进食量均高于术前,P＜0.05.实验组术后各周FPG水平(7.5±1.1) mmol/L,(7.2±1.2)mmol/L,(7.3±0.9) mmol/L,(7.1±1.0) mmol/L vs术前(12.2±1.2) mmol/L相比下降明显,P＜0.05.术后HbA1C,6周(7.8±0.9)％,12周(8.2±1.2)％ vs 术前(10.3±1.4)％下降明显,P＜0.05;对照组各指标相比于术前无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 十二指肠腔内套管地植入可以改善T2DM大鼠的糖代谢,从而达到治疗糖尿病的作用.     

止血凝胶封闭微创经皮肾通道的安全性及可行性研究

目的 研究止血凝胶封闭微创经皮肾通道的安全性及可行性.方法 采用MPCNL治疗的简单性肾结石及输尿管上段结石80例,对照组术后放置14 F肾造瘘管,实验组采用止血凝胶封闭微创经皮肾通道,不放置肾造瘘管,手术为单通道.统计学分析对照组与实验组术后患者疼痛需要应用镇痛药物的发病率和剂量、手术后患者血红蛋白下降情况、术后患者术后出现持续出血,感染及尿外渗等并发症发生情况以及手术后住院的时间.结果 两组患者均一期手术成功,对照组患者术后疼痛需要应用镇痛药物的发病率明显高于实验组(42.5％ vs 20％),而术后出现出血、感染等并发症的发病率以及手术后的住院时间,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者术后复查均未出现肾周围血肿,对照组患者出现7例拔出造瘘管后的漏尿.结论 止血凝胶封闭微创经皮肾通道的经皮肾碎石取石术降低了患者手术后的痛苦,避免手术后拔出肾造瘘管漏尿的发病率,对于简单的肾结石和输尿管结石患者是安全可靠的手术方式.     

湿热交换过滤器的功能及其并发症研究进展

背景 湿热交换过滤器是一类用于代替上呼吸道和鼻功能的人工装置,具有一定程度的保温、保湿和滤过功能.目的 概述湿热交换过滤器及其并发症,为临床医师的合理选择和使用提供参考.内容 通过总结大量的临床和实验室研究文献,客观地讲述呼吸过滤器的三大功能及其影响因素,同时也详细地介绍了可能发生的并发症.趋向 随着临床和实验室研究的深入,湿热交换过滤器会得到进一步的改进和完善.     

精囊镜治疗21例顽固性血精的疗效分析

目的探讨应用精囊镜治疗顽固性血精的临床疗效。方法自2011年10月至2013年2月,广东医学院第二附属医院对21例顽固性血精患者行精囊镜检查,入院前血精时间超过半年,经过中西医药物治疗和物理治疗,症状反复出现,入院后行超声及CT排除前列腺肿瘤,使用Wolf 7.5 F输尿管硬镜行精囊镜检查,术后静脉使用抗生素治疗及留置尿管。结果 21例手术均成功,其中4例需使用电切镜切开精阜暴露射精管,手术时间20~43 min,平均25 min,1例术后出现发热,无附睾炎、尿道损伤、直肠损伤、逆行性射精等严重并发症,16例在精囊镜检查后3个月内血精完全消失,3例术后使用中药及抗生素治疗后血精消失,2例仍反复血精。结论采用精囊镜对一些久治不愈的血精患者进行检查和治疗,既可以明确诊断,又可以对精囊进行冲洗,结合药物治疗,具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少等优点,是治疗顽固性血精的有效方法之一。     

开窗减压术治疗大型颌骨囊性病变的疗效

目的：探讨开窗减压术治疗大型颌骨囊性病变的临床效果及应用价值。方法对2011年2月至2013年7月合肥市口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的13例颌骨囊性病变(包括5例含牙囊肿、6例牙源性角化囊性瘤、2例单囊型成釉细胞瘤),进行经口内开窗减压术,术后定期复诊,拍摄X线片或锥形束CT检查,观察术后囊腔缩小情况。结果13例患者中4例含牙囊肿囊腔完全消失,剩下9例均行Ⅱ期刮治术,术后恢复良好。结论开窗减压术是一种简单、有效的治疗大型颌骨囊性病变的方法。但对于牙源性角化囊性瘤和单囊型成釉细胞瘤仍需行二期手术治疗。     

复位内固定术与关节融合术治疗Lisfranc关节急性损伤的疗效比较

目的:评价复位内固定术与关节融合术治疗Lisfranc关节急性损伤的疗效比较。方法:自2006年1月至2012年6月,按照纳入及排除标准选取35例患者纳入研究,复位内固定组(RIF组)17例,关节融合组(JF组)18例,随访均超过2年。采用VAS、AOFAS调查问卷方法进行疗效评估,采用X线片进行影像学评估足关节炎、复位、骨愈合等情况。结果:35例患者均获得门诊随访,平均随访27.5个月(25~35个月),与RIF组患者比较,JF组患者在术后3、6、12、24个月的VAS评分均有明显降低,在术后6、12、24个月的AOFAS评分均有明显增加(P<0.05)。两组患者在满意度比较,JR组满意度优良率高达94%,RIF组满意度仅达65%,5例(29%)患者行关节融合治疗。结论:Lisfranc关节急性损伤患者一期行关节融合术的疗效确切,尤其适用于Lisfranc关节内侧柱及中柱严重骨折脱位或单纯韧带损伤患者,具有并发症发生率低、满意度高等优势,是治疗Lisfranc关节损伤安全、有效的手术方式。