Effect of brucine on mouse nonspecific immune responses

目的：观察镇痛有效剂量的布鲁生（Ｂｒｕ）对正常小鼠及Ｃｙｃ所致免疫低下小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响．方法：测定小鼠碳粒廓清能力、免疫器官重量及外周血ＷＢＣ，小鼠ＰＭ吞饮中性红及产生ＩＬ１能力．结果：Ｂｒｕ对正常鼠碳粒廓清能力、免疫器官重量、外周血ＷＢＣ、ＰＭ吞噬功能及产生ＩＬ１能力仅有轻微促进作用（Ｐ＞００５），而对被Ｃｙｃ降低的上述非特异免疫反应，Ｂｒｕ呈剂量依赖性的增强作用（Ｐ＜００５或Ｐ＜００１），作用以１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时最好．结论：Ｂｒｕ在镇痛有效剂量ｉｐ时，对小鼠非特异免疫功能有剂量依赖性及功能依赖性的调节作用．     

以胜任力为导向的医学研究生综合素质课程体系构建及探索

通过比较中美研究生教育,总结现有教学经验,以学生需求和社会需求为中心,探索构建以胜任力为导向的医学研究生综合素质课程体系,加强理想信念与品德教育、创新创业教育、学术道德与诚信教育、心理健康教育等,发挥综合素质课程的积极价值引领作用,促进医学生从个性化发展成长为具备社会适应能力的合格医者的转变。     

儿童急性中毒的血液净化治疗

本文综述了抢救儿童急性中毒常用的血液净化模式的机制、特点和效果及血液净化治疗的时机和注意事项.熟知血液净化的适应证、禁忌证,恰当地选择治疗模式,熟练掌握操作过程,可减少不良反应的发生,提高儿童急性中毒抢救成功率.

Abstract：

This article summarizes the mechanisms, and the effects of clinical application of more common mode of blood purification in rescuing the acute poisoning in children. The timing of blood purification and the considerations are reviewed as well. It also proposes that acquaintancing the indications and contraindications of blood purification, proper selection of treatment modalities and mastering the operation can reduce the adverse reaction and improve the survival rate in children with acute poisoning.     

A novel mutation in AlphaA-crystallin (CRYAA) caused autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a large Chinese family

Hereditary cataract is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous lens disease that is responsible for a significant proportion of the visual impairment and blindness that occurs in children. In a five-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant inherited congenital cataract, clinical examination showed three cataract phenotypes: punctuate, nuclear, and total cataracts. Linkage analysis was performed and positive two-point LOD scores (with maximum of 4.43 and 4.27 at theta=0) were obtained for markers D21S1411 and D21S1890 on chromosome 21q22.3, flanking the CRYAA (alphaA-crystallin-encoding gene) locus. Sequencing of CRYAA revealed a novel heterozygous G>A transition (c.346G>A) in exon 3 that cosegregated with the disease phenotype and results in a conservative substitution of Arg to His at codon 116 (p.R116H). To understand the molecular basis of cataract formation, mutant and wild-type alphaA-crystallins were expressed in E. coli. RP-HPLC (reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography) suggested an increased hydrophobicity of the mutant recombinant protein, compared to that of wild-type alphaA-crystallins. Furthermore, loss of chaperone activity of the mutant was seen in DTT (DL-dithiothreitol)-induced insulin aggregation assay. FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) purification showed that the His-116 mutant protein had increased binding affinity to lysozyme. Gain of activated lysozyme binding, elevation of hydrophobicity and loss of chaperone activity of the mutant protein may be some of the molecular mechanisms underlying cataract in this large family.     

喉头喷雾器污染状况调查与消毒方法的研究

目的 调查喉头喷雾器使用前后的污染状况,探讨有效的消毒方法以降低医院感染发生率。方法按《消毒技术规范》规定方法进行采样及消毒,并进行统计。结果使用后的喷雾器存在严重的污染,有大量的细菌,除了有口咽部和鼻腔分布的正常菌群外,还有较多的致病菌。酒精灯烧烤和乙醇擦拭两种消毒方法优于氧化电位水冲洗。结论要重视喉头喷雾器污染状况,防止侵入性操作引起医源性医院感染的发生;酒精灯烧烤与乙醇擦拭是较理想的消毒方法。     

Mutation analysis of five candidate genes in Chinese patients with hypospadias

Hypospadias is the displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans to the ventral side of the phallus. During fetal development, SRY, SOX9, WT1, SRD5A2 and AR are important at different stages in the differentiation and development of the male genital system. Mutations in these genes impair masculinization and may be associated with hypospadias. In order to explore these possibilities, we employed polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing to analyze the coding regions of these five genes in 90 Chinese hypospadias patients. We found a total of 16 different mutations in SRD5A2, AR and WT1 in 24 of these 90 patients. Seven mutations are novel. No mutation was found in SRY or SOX9. SNP V89L found in SRD5A2 was statistically significant between patients and controls. Our results indicated that mutations in SRD5A2, AR and WT1 were associated with hypospadias. In conclusion, mutations are frequently found in genes that control androgen action and metabolism, but are seldom found in genes active in the early phase of sex determination and differentiation. Mutations in AR, SRD5A2 or WT1 seem to be associated not only with hypospadias but also with micropenis.     

子宫内膜癌组织微小RNA-373表达情况及其对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响研究

背景微小RNA-373 (miRNA-373)在多种恶性肿瘤(如肝癌、肺癌)的发生发展过程中具有重要作用,但其在子宫内膜癌(EC)发生发展中的作用尚不完全清楚。目的探讨EC组织miRNA-373表达情况及其对EC细胞增殖、迁移的影响。方法选取2012年6月-2013年6月在邯郸市妇幼保健院行手术治疗的64例EC患者的EC组织作为试验组,另选取同期在邯郸市妇幼保健院行子宫切除术的30例良性子宫肌瘤患者的正常组织作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测两组miRNA-373表达情况,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线以分析不同miRNA-373表达情况EC患者术后5年预后;分别比较转染miRNA-373模拟物(miRNA-373 mimic)及其阴性对照物(mimic-NC)、miRNA-373抑制剂(miRNA-373 inhibitor)及其阴性对照物(inhibitor-NC)的HEC-1B细胞大型肿瘤抑制基因2 (LATS2)表达情况、转染96 h后吸光度值、迁移细胞数量;采用双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miRNA-373与LATS2间的靶标关系。结果 (1)试验组miRNA-373相对表达量高于对照组(P<0.05)。根据miRNA-373相对表达量平均值将试验组患者分为低表达组(n=26)和高表达组(n=38),Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,高表达组患者术后5年累积生存率为52.6%,低于低表达组的84.6%(P<0.05)。(2)转染miRNA-373 mimic的HEC-1B细胞LATS2相对表达量低于转染mimic-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05);转染miRNA-373 inhibitor的HEC-1B细胞LATS2相对表达量高于转染inhibitor-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05)。转染96 h后,转染miRNA-373 mimic的HEC-1B细胞吸光度值高于转染mimic-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05);转染miRNA-373 inhibitor的HEC-1B细胞吸光度值低于转染inhibitor-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05)。转染miRNA-373 mimic的HEC-1B细胞中迁移细胞数量多于转染mimic-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05);转染miRNA-373 inhibitor的HEC-1B细胞中迁移细胞数量少于转染inhibitor-NC的HEC-1B细胞(P<0.05)。(3)双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测结果显示,LATS2含有miRNA-373的潜在结合位点。野生型LATS2中miRNA-373相对荧光强度低于空载对照(P<0.05);突变型LATS2中miRNA-373相对荧光强度与空载对照比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 EC组织miRNA-373呈高表达,其可通过直接靶向调节LATS2的表达而促进EC细胞增殖、迁移,进而影响EC患者预后。     

白背叶根抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒的实验研究

目的:观察白背叶根体内抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒(duck hepatitis B virus,D-HBV)的作用。方法:采用PCR技术筛选D-HBV阳性3日龄广州麻鸭40只。将麻鸭随机分为空白对照组,白背叶根高、中、低剂量组和拉米夫定组,分别给予相应药物进行干预。用药前、用药第7、14、21天及停药第7天,取各组麻鸭静脉血,采用实时定量荧光PCR技术检测血清D-HBV DNA含量;治疗前后取肝脏组织进行病理组织学观察。结果:拉米夫定组于用药后,血清病毒水平迅速降低,但停药后存在反跳现象。白背叶根高、中剂量组分别于治疗第14、21天其血清病毒含量明显下降,低剂量组治疗期间未见明显的抑制病毒作用。停药后,白背叶根高、中剂量组与空白对照组比较仍表现出一定的病毒抑制作用。白背叶根高剂量组对肝脏炎症的改善作用较拉米夫定组明显。结论:白背叶根有抑制体内D-HBV复制的作用,其作用大小与剂量及用药时间相关;其治疗作用较拉米夫定弱,但作用维持时间长,且用药较为安全。     

抗肝癌单链抗体融合人突变型TNFalpha的构建与表达

目的鼠/人源化抗人肝癌单链抗体(m/hscFv25)融合人突变型TNFα(mTNFα)原核表达载体的构建及表达.方法用Oligo软件分析并设计人mTNFα的5及3端引物,化学合成并用PCR方法扩增mTNFα,经限制性内切酶酶切后,连接在原核表达载体pGEX4T-1中的m/hscFv25之后,构建成pGEX4T-1/m/hscFv25-mTNFα融合蛋白表达载体,转化大肠杆菌JM109后,通过IPTG诱导进行目的蛋白的初步表达.结果经DNA电泳分析表明,mTNFα基因全长约460 bp,并通过酶切鉴定证明成功构建了抗人肝癌单链抗体融合mTNFα的原核表达载体,融合蛋白产物经SDS-PAGE显示,相对分子质量(Mr)为68 000的蛋白谱带,与预期设计完全一致,光密度扫描结果表明,GST-mscFv25-mTNFα和GST-hscFv25-mTNFα融合蛋白分别占菌体总蛋白的15%和12%,表达产物主要以不溶性包涵体形式存在.结论成功构建并表达了鼠/人源化抗人肝癌单链抗体融合人mTNFα的双功能抗体基因,并在原核细胞中获得较高水平的表达,为进一步研究HCC的治疗奠定了基础.     

窄带成像内镜在喉癌前病变诊断中的应用价值[论著]

目的　探讨窄带成像（narrow band imaging,NBI）内镜在诊断喉癌前病变中的应用价值。方法　选取2019年1月～2020年6月新疆医科大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科以声音嘶哑及咽喉部不适为主诉就诊,由门诊专科技术人员分别在NBI和普通电子喉镜两种不同内镜模式下进行咽喉部检查后,再行喉部CT检查收治入院患者共90例,男55例,女35例,年龄（45.2±15.3）岁。所有患者根据检查结果预先评估肿瘤性质后,再以术后病理诊断为“金标准”进行对照分析。结果　90例患者中有23例确诊恶性肿瘤,67例为良性肿瘤（其中喉癌前病变38例）。在血管清晰度及图像清晰度两个方面,两种内镜模式检查结果组间差异均有统计学意义（χ2分别为3.989、4.012,P＜0.05）。在良性肿瘤、喉癌前病变及喉癌的诊断上,NBI内镜的准确率明显高于普通电子喉镜。而在良性肿瘤方面,差异无统计学意义,但在癌前病变及喉癌的诊断及 总检出率中,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　NBI内镜对喉癌前病变的检出率更高于普通电子喉镜,尤其在发现微小病灶方面更有优势,对及早发现早期病变、提高准确率有着重要的意义。