Parallel imaging reconstruction for arbitrary trajectories using k-space sparse matrices (kSPA).

Although the concept of receiving MR signal using multiple coils simultaneously has been known for over two decades, the technique has only recently become clinically available as a result of the development of several effective parallel imaging reconstruction algorithms. Despite the success of these algorithms, it remains a challenge in many applications to rapidly and reliably reconstruct an image from partially-acquired general non-Cartesian k-space data. Such applications include, for example, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, functional MRI (fMRI), perfusion-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in which a large number of images have to be reconstructed. In this work, a systematic k-space-based reconstruction algorithm based on k-space sparse matrices (kSPA) is introduced. This algorithm formulates the image reconstruction problem as a system of sparse linear equations in k-space. The inversion of this system of equations is achieved by computing a sparse approximate inverse matrix. The algorithm is demonstrated using both simulated and in vivo data, and the resulting image quality is comparable to that of the iterative sensitivity encoding (SENSE) algorithm. The kSPA algorithm is noniterative and the computed sparse approximate inverse can be applied repetitively to reconstruct all subsequent images. This algorithm, therefore, is particularly suitable for the aforementioned applications.     

踝关节侧副韧带损伤的超声表现

目的 分析踝关节侧副韧带损伤的超声图像特征并评价其诊断价值。方法 采用7～13MHz线阵探头探查136例临床怀疑踝关节侧副韧带损伤患者，观察胫舟、胫距前、胫跟、距腓前、跟腓、胫距后、距腓后韧带，共计952条韧带，其中，51例的超声结果与手术比较。结果 46例侧副韧带完全及部分撕裂伤的超声诊断与手术结果符合。侧副韧带挫伤以肿胀为主，部分撕裂伤超声表现为韧带局部连续性中断（跟腓韧带）和不规则低-无回声区内见丝状结构相连，完全撕裂伤超声表现为韧带连续性中断，断端挛缩（跟腓韧带）和不规则低-无回声区贯穿整条韧带，无明显断端挛缩征。结论 高频超声对踝关节侧副韧带损伤的诊断无创、较准确、廉价，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Study of pathological morphology in chronic sinusitis]

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological characteristics and regularity of chronic sinusitis (CS) in different clinical types, tc estimate the reliability and feasibility of CS classification on the pathologic basis. METHODS: HE, Van Gieson's, alcian blue-periodic acid-schiff(AB-PAS) staining was used to observe the changes of epithelium, to measure the thickness of basement membrane and the area of mucous glands. The ultrastructural changes of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: The epithelial fiber tissue was increased, the basement membrane was thickened, and the mucous glands were obviously increased in CS under the light microscope. Subepithelial fibrosis and thickened basement membrane were most obviously seen in type III of CS and the hyperplasia of mucous glands was most distinct in type II. Under the TEM, abnormal structure of cilia, decrease of ciliated cells, increase of goblet cells were detected in all three CS types. Under the SEM, the cilia of every types showed the ingravescenced process of pathological changes from slight cilium disorder, disorientation, to desquamation of most cilia and replacement of microvilli. CONCLUSION: There is significant distinction of mucous membrane structure among three types. The Chinese classification of CS has pathological basis, it represents the occurrence, development and regularity of CS, and it can be used as basis in further study, communication and evaluation for surgical effect of CS.     

Graft Harvesting for Revascularization in the Head and Neck

The techniques for revascularization in the neurocranium, skull base, and neck continue to evolve at an exciting pace. In this body of literature, however, techniques for harvesting radial artery and saphenous vein grafts are mainly reported using traditional open techniques. Minimally invasive procedures are fast becoming an alternative to open techniques in many fields and have the potential to become the standard of care. The cardiovascular literature is replete with reports of endoscopically harvested vascular grafts. This article reviews both methods, since the current state of the art involves knowledge of open and endoscopic harvesting techniques.     

腹腔镜在女性不明原因急性右下腹痛诊治中的价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜在诊断和治疗女性不明原因急性右下腹痛中的价值。方法 回顾分析1999年4月～2004年4月52例女性不明原因急性右下腹痛的临床资料。结果 均在腹腔镜下明确诊断，急性阑尾炎28例，急性盆腔炎18例，卵巢囊肿蒂扭转3例，右输卵管妊娠2例，Crohn病致回肠穿孔1例。除3例中转开腹以外，余49例均在腹腔镜下完成手术。无并发症发生。腹腔镜术后2～6d出院。结论 腹腔镜是诊治女性不明原因急性右下腹痛及时、安全、有效的手段。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术临床应用观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术的优点.方法鼻内镜下行鼻中隔成形术50例,其中高位和后段偏曲6例.结果50例均一次完成手术,偏曲的鼻中隔均获得彻底矫正.手术时间30～72 min,平均48 min,偏进的鼻中隔获得彻底矫正,随访6～9个月,平均7.1月,治愈45例(90%),好转5例(10%).无鼻中隔血肿、脓肿、穿孔、鼻腔粘连、鼻梁塌陷等并发症发生.结论鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术,手术时间短,术中出血少,疼痛轻,术后并发症少,可同期行鼻窦手术,完全可以取代传统的鼻中隔黏膜下切除术.     

THE CLINICAL AND NEURO-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC STUDY ON CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION

目的：探讨皮质基底节变性(CBD)患者的临床和神经电生理特征。方法：对29例临床诊断为CBD患者，系统分析其临床症状、体征、常规化验检查、脑CT／MRI、SPECT以及神经电生理改变，并与其它疾病相对比。结果：结果显示，29例患者均出现不对称性帕金森样表现，皮层功能受损占79．3％，其它功能障碍占37．9％。21例患者脑CT或MRI显示不对称性脑萎缩，SPECT显示额顶区低灌注表现，以受损肢体的功能区较明显。EEG显示19例患者出现不对称性慢波，伴有肌阵挛的15例病人，表面肌电图显示患肢随意运动时可诱发巨大电位，皮层反应增强，SEP无特殊变化，运动诱发电位检查，26例患者中枢运动传导时间正常。结论：CBD是一种累及皮层和基底节、病程以缓慢进展为特征的变性性疾病。大部分患者可出现帕金森综合征样表现，皮层及其他运动功能障碍。脑影象学显示额顶叶萎缩。神经电生理检查表现为皮层兴奋性增强，而锥体束传导功能正常。     

Selective internal iliac artery oxaliplatin infusion: Another facultative treatment to unremitting hematuria in stage T4 bladder carcinoma

Objective  

To observe and evaluate the value of utilizing selective internal iliac artery infusion and selective internal iliac artery embolization for the treatment of unremitting gross hematuria of stage T4 bladder carcinoma.