俯卧位用于患儿催吐洗胃效果观察

目的 探讨俯卧位催吐在口服中毒患儿洗胃中的应用价值.方法 将30例误服药物患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各15例.观察组采用俯卧位进行反复催吐洗胃,对照组采用常规坐位反复催吐.比较两组催吐成功率、药物残留率、洗胃并发症发生率以及患儿合作情况.结果 除药物残留项外,另3项观察组显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 俯卧位催吐应用于患儿洗胃效果好,安全,易于被家长及患儿接受.     

经腹“T”形补片悬吊固定加肛门环缩术治疗完全性直肠脱垂患者的护理

对18例完全性直肠脱垂患者行经腹“T”形补片悬吊固定加肛门环缩术治疗,结果18例均治愈出院,随访1～2年,随访期间无复发,均能进行日常劳动.提出术前做好心理护理和充分的肠道准备,术后加强饮食、排便管理和限制活动的护理,同时加强肛门括约肌功能锻炼,采取有针对性的出院健康教育,可提高手术成功率和治疗效果.     

Sonographic and CT Findings of Sialadenosis in a Child with Leukemia

Sialadenosis is characterized by asymptomatic bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands. It is uncommon, especially in children. Diagnosis and analysis of sialadenosis based on imaging modalities have been rarely reported. Here, we report a case of sialadenosis in a child with leukemia, in which the diagnosis was made based on sonography and CT findings.     

Research on Interpolation Methods in Medical Image Processing

Image interpolation is widely used for the field of medical image processing. In this paper, interpolation methods are divided into three groups: filter interpolation, ordinary interpolation and general partial volume interpolation. Some commonly-used filter methods for image interpolation are pioneered, but the interpolation effects need to be further improved. When analyzing and discussing ordinary interpolation, many asymmetrical kernel interpolation methods are proposed. Compared with symmetrical kernel ones, the former are have some advantages. After analyzing the partial volume and generalized partial volume estimation interpolations, the new concept and constraint conditions of the general partial volume interpolation are defined, and several new partial volume interpolation functions are derived. By performing the experiments of image scaling, rotation and self-registration, the interpolation methods mentioned in this paper are compared in the entropy, peak signal-to-noise ratio, cross entropy, normalized cross-correlation coefficient and running time. Among the filter interpolation methods, the median and B-spline filter interpolations have a relatively better interpolating performance. Among the ordinary interpolation methods, on the whole, the symmetrical cubic kernel interpolations demonstrate a strong advantage, especially the symmetrical cubic B-spline interpolation. However, we have to mention that they are very time-consuming and have lower time efficiency. As for the general partial volume interpolation methods, from the total error of image self-registration, the symmetrical interpolations provide certain superiority; but considering the processing efficiency, the asymmetrical interpolations are better.     

�����Ը�Ѫѹ�ٴ����弰����

血压晨峰在近年来的高血压研究中受到越来越多的关注,多项研究证实血压晨峰与心脑血管病的发病及预后密切相关。现本文就血压晨峰的定义、临床意义及治疗策略做一简要综述。     

Pretreatment Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Lactate Dehydrogenase as Predictive Markers of Survival in Patients with Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Objective: To investigate the relationships between the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and ascites fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and prognosis in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM).

Methods: A total of 125 patients with MPeM were selected for the study using a pathological screening method. Once the diagnosis is established, before the treatment their clinical characteristics and nutritional evaluations were recorded including CONUT score and ascites LDH level. The associations between CONUT, ascites LDH, and other clinicopathological features including body mass index, asbestos exposure, pathological type, and treatment method were analyzed. Prognostic parameters predicting overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results: High CONUT score, high ascites LDH level were positively associated with poor prognosis in patients with MPeM according to univariate analyses (P?<?0.001, P?<?0.001, respectively), and CONUT score and ascites LDH were independent predictors of a poor prognosis according to multivariate analysis. When the CONUT score is greater than 3 and the ascites LHD is greater than 474?IU/l, it indicates a poor prognosis.

Conclusions: CONUT score and ascites LDH are important factors influencing the prognosis of MPeM patients and should thus be considered in clinical applications.     

Late Effects in Mouse Heart after 60Co γ-irradiation of the Brain: An Ultrastructural Study

Summary

A single dose of 8 or 20 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays was given to C3H male mice at 4 months of age. Degenerative changes in the cardiac muscle due to brain irradiation were observed first at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at 12–24 months. The changes seen at the ultrastructural level included myofibrillolysis, the presence of lysosomal-like bodies and interstitial fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes in the control cardiac muscle throughout the experimental period were monitored and only minor aging changes were noted. The coronary arteries of control mice began to show a slight amount of smooth muscle degeneration and fibrosis 1 year into the experiment. At 18 months the lesions became more severe, and at 24 months there was relatively less distinction between the control and the 20 Gy treated group. Degenerative changes in the coronary arteries were noticed at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at later times (12–24 months). The major changes included smooth muscle degeneration with fibrosis and the accumulation of debris and extracellular matrix. At 18 months the medial smooth muscle showed severe damage, with accumulations of matrix material and debris. There was additional fibrosis in the adventitial layer. There were few additional changes at 24 months after 20 Gy irradiation. Quantitative analyses indicated that the average fractional volumes of degenerated smooth muscle cells were 13, 27 and 39% in the unirradiated group at 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively, and 13 and 29% in the sham-irradiated group at 12 and 18 months into the experiment, respectively. These percentages were 12, 32 and 49% (P < 0·05) after 8 Gy irradiation, and 19% (P < 0·05), 46% (P < 0·01), and 42% after 20 Gy irradiation, respectively.