2型糖尿病病人应对方式及其影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病病人的应对方式及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般情况评估量表和解亚宁编制的简易应对方式量表,通过目的抽样对住院和门诊2型糖尿病病人180例进行调查,回收有效问卷162份,有效率为90.0%。将162例2型糖尿病病人的应对方式与常模比较,一般情况评估量表的3个内容即一般资料、代谢控制指标、自我管理能力的27个条目行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选应对方式的影响因素。结果2型糖尿病病人与常模应对方式比较,经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2型糖尿病病人积极应对分值高于常模,较常模更多采用积极应对方式;2型糖尿病病人消极应对分值低于常模,较常模少采取消极应对方式。多因素Logistic多元回归结果显示:空腹血糖、职业、甘油三酯、病程、饮食控制、能否遵医嘱注射胰岛素是2型糖尿病病人积极应对方式的影响因素;年龄、劳动性质、家族史、是否知道低血糖的预防和处理、能否遵医嘱注射胰岛素是2型糖尿病病人消极应对方式的影响因素。结论积极的应对方式可能有助于提高2型糖尿病病人代谢控制和自我管理能力。护士应鼓励和引导代谢控制和自我管理能力差的病人多采取积极的应对方式,减少不良情绪的影响,良好地控制疾病和提高其生活质量。     

MRCP对壶腹部影像解剖的研究

目的：研究正常壶腹部影像解剖,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法：对2008-08-01—2009-01-01行MRCP检查的正常志愿者42例,用多个指标进行测量、观察其壶腹部结构。结果：胰胆管汇合呈＂Y＂型的占71.4%（30/42）,＂V＂型的占16.7%（7/42）;＂U＂型的占11.9%（5/42）,部分测量参数个体差异较大;十二指肠大乳头的出现率为19.0%（8/42）,多为半圆形。结论：熟悉正常壶腹部影像解剖对于病灶的发现及一些征象的鉴别有重要意义。     

计量法在医院中的实施与反思

本文从社会效益、经济效益分析了计量法在医院实施20多年中的问题与实际效果,认为目前急需解决的问题是医疗卫生的工作计量器具不易被列为强制检定项目。     

PubMed收录禽流感相关文献的计量学分析和共词分析

目的明确禽流感文献分布特点和主要研究方向,探索禽流感的研究现状,为进一步的科学研究提供基础。方法运用文献计量学和共词聚类分析的方法对PubMed数据库收录的禽流感相关文献进行分析。结果确定了禽流感研究领域以Avian diseases为主的20种禽流感重要核心期刊、以Jean—YvesNau为首的8位多产作者及目前禽流感的主要研究方向：禽流感免疫学、人畜共患病、流感疫苗、A型流感病毒、A型流感病毒H5N1亚型。结论从文献计量的角度客观反映国内外禽流感的研究情况,为把握禽流感的研究现状和发展趋势奠定基础。     

对苯二胺氧化产物对小鼠经皮肤染毒的亚慢性毒性

[目的 ]研究氧化型染发剂主要成分对苯二胺 (PPD)氧化产物经皮吸收后对小鼠的亚慢性毒作用。 [方法 ]对苯二胺经双氧水氧化后的氧化产物为受试物 ,每隔 3d在小鼠背部皮肤染毒 1次 ,周期 1个月。整个过程中观察小鼠的一般生长情况 ,并于染毒 1个月后观察受试动物血生化指标、血常规、肝肾脾组织病理学改变和遗传毒性。 [结果 ]PPD氧化产物可影响小鼠的肝肾功能 ,随着PPD染毒剂量增加 ,ALT和BUN值逐渐增高 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。PPD具有遗传毒性 ,能造成骨髓细胞染色体和DNA的损伤 ,并在受试剂量范围内存在剂量 效应关系。 [结论 ]频繁使用氧化型染发剂可能对机体具有潜在的危害     

西洛他唑对不稳定型心绞痛病人炎性因子的影响

目的探讨西洛他唑对不稳定型心绞痛（UA）病人炎性因子的影响。方法142例诊断明确的UA病人,随机分为阿司匹林组（A组）、阿司匹林＋西洛他唑组（B组）、阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷组（C组）和阿司匹林＋西洛他唑＋氯吡格雷组（D组）。同时以28例健康体检人员作为正常对照组。观察各组病人疗效及炎性因子的变化。结果治疗前UA病人血清可溶性黏附因子（sICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附因子（sVCAM-1）、血浆基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-9）浓度均显著高于正常对照组（F=29.11～94.97,q=3.40～22.76,P〈0.05）。各组在治疗后1周、1个月的浓度值均较治疗前下降,且随着时间的延长,血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、MMP-9水平降低趋势也增加,以D组降幅最大,A组降幅最小,B、C组降幅相近。1年内不良临床事件发生率D组最低,A组最高,各组药物不良反应发生率相近。结论西洛他唑治疗UA具有一定的临床价值。     

放射治疗射野任意点剂量自动计算的实现

本文介绍了放射治疗射野任意点剂量自动计算的实现方法。此方法完成模拟定位机下对患者治疗野图像的识别与任意点剂量的计算。     

Attitudes Toward the Global Allocation of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-sectional Online Survey of Adults Living in China

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are in short supply worldwide. China was among the first countries to pledge supplies of the COVID-19 vaccine as a global public product, and to date, the country has provided more than 600 million vaccines to more than 200 countries and regions with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the public’s attitude in China toward the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines could inform global and national decisions, policies, and debates.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of adults living in China regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China and how these attitudes vary across provinces and by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults registered with the survey company KuRunData. The survey asked participants 31 questions about their attitudes regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China. We disaggregated responses by province and sociodemographic characteristics. All analyses used survey sampling weights.ResultsA total of 10,000 participants completed the questionnaire. Participants generally favored providing COVID-19 vaccines to foreign countries before fulfilling domestic needs (75.6%, 95% CI 74.6%-76.5%). Women (3778/4921, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.32; P=.002) and those living in rural areas (3123/4065, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27; P=.03) were especially likely to hold this opinion. Most respondents preferred providing financial support through international platforms rather than directly offering support to individual countries (72.1%, 95% CI 71%-73.1%), while for vaccine products they preferred direct provision to relevant countries instead of via a delivery platform such as COVAX (77.3%, 95% CI 76.3%-78.2%).ConclusionsAmong our survey sample, we found that adults are generally supportive of the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, which may encourage policy makers to support and implement the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China worldwide. Conducting similar surveys in other countries could help align policy makers’ actions on COVID-19 vaccine distribution with the preferences of their constituencies.     

GDNF在成年猴脊髓表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨多肽生长因子GDNF在成年猴脊髓的表达分布情况。方法取云南成年健康雄性猕猴T8脊髓节段制作20μm厚的连续冰冻切片,间隔取片后以抗GDNF抗体行免疫组化ABC染色。光学显微镜下观察GDNF样免疫阳性反应物在脊髓的分布。结果阳性反应物GDNF-IR在成年猴脊髓腹角神经元、背角神经元、Clarke核神经元、背角Lissauer束、背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层和中央管(Ⅹ板层)均有分布。结论成年猴脊髓存在多肽生长因子GDNF的表达,提示其在成年猴脊髓的生理过程中发挥作用,而且这种作用具有复杂性和多面性。     

Optimizing the Thermomechanical Process of Nickel-Based ODS Superalloys by an Efficient Method

Thermo-mechanical process of nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys is critical to produce desired components. In this study, an efficient method of consolidating powder is introduced to optimize the preparation process, microstructure and properties of nickel-based ODS superalloys. The influences of consolidation temperature, strain rate and ball milling time on the hardness of nickel-based superalloys were studied. The relationship among process, microstructure and hardness was established, the nanoparticles strengthening and grain boundary strengthening in nickel-based ODS superalloys were discussed. The results indicate that long ball milling time, moderately low consolidation temperature and high strain rates are beneficial to improving properties of nickel-based superalloys. Moreover, dispersion strengthening of nanoparticles and grain boundary strengthening play important roles in enhancing nickel-based ODS superalloys.