Comparison of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT in the Targeted Imaging of Culprit Tumors Causing Osteomalacia

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the performance of fluorine‐18‐labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F‐FDG‐PET/ CT) and gallium‐68‐labeled tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid‐DPhe1‐Tyr3‐octreotate (⁶⁸Ga‐ DOTATATE) PET/CT in the targeted imaging of culprit tumors causing osteomalacia.MethodsThis was a clinical retrospective analysis. We analyzed 13 patients (five men, eight women; mean age, 49 years; range, 19–55 years) with suspicion of tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) between March 2017 and October 2019. All patients underwent two functional imaging methods to locate the culprittumors. Studies were performed on a PET/CT scanner. The injection doses of ¹⁸F‐ FDG and ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE were 0.5mCi/kg and approximately 5.0mCi, respectively. In the two scans, the whole body was captured from head to toe 45 to 60 min after intravenous tracer injection. ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging results locate culprit tumors according to the following criteria: (i) abnormal foci uptake concentration was observed locally, and the uptake level was higher than the background level of the right lobe of the liver; (ii) combined CT showed or did not have obvious abnormal density changes; and (iii) non‐specific ingestion lesions due to fracture, arthritis, necrosis of femoral head are excluded. Compared with the results of pathological examination and clinical follow‐up, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging for TIO were analyzed.ResultsAll patients had symptoms of osteomalacia and hypophosphatemia. The lag time (symptoms to PET diagnosis) ranged from 2 to 12 years. There were eight cases of TIO patients and five cases of non‐TIO patients confirmed by surgery, pathology and follow‐up. Among the eight TIO patients, there were six cases (75.0%) of PMTs, one case (12.5%) of giant cell tumor, one case (12.5%) of hemangiopericutoma. Most (n = 6, 75.0%) of the confirmed tumors in our patient population were in the lower extremities, followed by craniofacial regions (n = 1, 12.5%), and torso (n = 1, 12.5%), respectively. Among the five non‐TIO patients, there were two cases of Fanconi syndrome, one case of rickets, and two cases of sporadic osteomalacia hypophosphorus. The culprit tumors could be located either in the bone (n = 5, 62.5%) or the soft tissue (n = 3, 37.5%). ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT was able to localize the tumor in six (6/13, 46.1%) patients. ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT detected tumor in 8 (83.3%) of 13 patients. The sensitivity of ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of TIO in our patient population were 100% (8/8) vs 75% (6/8). The specificity of the two different methods was 80% (4/5). The overall accuracy was 92.3% (12/13) vs 76.9% (10/13).Conclusions ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT is very effective in assessing hypophosphatemia patients with TIO typical symptoms compared with ¹⁸F‐FDG. Therefore, in clinically suspected cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT should be preferred as an imaging modality investigation to avoid delay in the treatment of this disease.     

Variations of Concentration Characteristics of Rainfall Runoff Pollutants in Typical Urban Living Areas

Based on a typical residential area, this paper studies the characteristics of pollutant concentration changes in two rainfall runoffs and the first flush effect of rainfall. In rainfall runoff, the concentrations of seven pollutants (COD_Mn, TN, DTN, NH₃-N, TP, DTP, and PO₄³⁻) increased during the initial rainfall period and decreased in the later period. Rainfall causes the erosion of pollutants on the underlying surface so that water pollution begins when rainfall runoff occurs, and the pollution level drops over time. The seven pollutants all experience this first flush effect, of which, rainfall has the strongest scouring effect on NH₃-N produced by domestic sewage. The significant excess of pollutants in rainfall runoff should be considered by management departments. In addition, the existence of the first flush effect makes it possible in theory to partially intercept rainfall runoff to control water pollution, thereby reducing the cost of pollution control.

     

Current Progress on Antibiotic Sensing Based on Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors

Antibiotics, which can be used as veterinary drugs, are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases for animals. However, overuse of antibiotics had caused serious problems on food contamination and human harm. For control such public issues, several of techniques have been in recent years. Ratiometric fluorescent (RF) technique, as one of the most promising strategies for quantitatively evaluated analytes, had been extensively developed for the readily measurements on the two different fluorescent emission intensities. In this review, the construction strategies for recent RF sensors will be mainly focused on. Meanwhile, the recent advances and new tendencies for detection of antibiotics based on RF technique shall be introduced. Finally, outlooks on the opportunities and challenges for quantitative fluorescence sensing on antibiotics will be summarized.

     

Sensitive Techniques for POCT Sensing on the Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Food

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - For the immense requirement on agriculture and animal husbandry, application of pesticides and veterinary drugs had become a normal state in...     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。     

新型冠状病毒Delta变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）B.1.617.2（Delta）变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征,为Delta变异株疫情防控工作提供参考依据。方法 资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统和广州市荔湾区CDC,收集2021年5月21日至6月18日广州市荔湾区新冠病毒感染者（确诊病例和无症状感染者）相关信息。采用频数（构成比）、直方图、百分比堆积面积图等对本次Delta变异株疫情的流行病学特征进行描述,并应用潜伏期、动态再生系数（R_t）估计进行分析。结果 截至6月18日广州市荔湾区累计报告新冠病毒感染者127例,年龄范围2~85岁,<18、18~59和≥60岁年龄组分别占18.9%（24/127）、43.3%（55/127）和37.8%（48/127）。男女性别比为1：1.35（54：73）;职业以离退休人员32.3%（41/127）、家务及待业18.1%（23/127）和学生16.5%（21/127）为主;主要集中在荔湾区的白鹤洞街道（70.1%,89/127）与中南街道（23.6%,30/127）;Delta变异株的中位潜伏期6（范围：1~15）d;临床分型以普通型（64.6%,82/127）为主;基本再生系数（R₀）=5.1,R_t先上升后下降,最高达7.3;传播方式以密闭空间为主,具有明显的家庭聚集性,主要传播场所为家庭（26.8%,34/127）、餐馆（29.1%,37/127）、小区（3.9%,5/127）和市场（3.1%,4/127）。密切接触者筛查（66.1%）和社区排查（33.1%）是发现感染者的主要途径。结论 本次疫情新冠病毒Delta变异株的传染性较强,广州市荔湾区本土疫情具有明显的家庭聚集性,新冠病毒感染者以18~59和≥60岁年龄组为主。     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

IgG抗体亲和力试验判定麻疹病例的价值

目的评价麻疹IgG抗体亲和力试验对判定麻疹病例的价值。方法以中国疾病预防控制信息系统2013-2015年天津市麻疹实验室确诊病例和麻疹排除病例为研究对象。回顾性追溯保存的病例血清,开展麻疹IgG抗体亲和力试验,重新对麻疹排除病例进行归类。结果共收集到326例麻疹病例血标本,其中实验室确诊病例267例,排除病例59例,≥20岁病例占92.33%(301/326)。麻疹IgG抗体亲和力试验显示,确诊病例和排除病例中麻疹IgG高亲和力抗体的比例分别为66.95%(158/236)和91.23%(52/57),差异有统计学意义(χ²⁼13.33,P<0.001)。根据判定标准,15.25%(9/59)排除病例被重新判定为麻疹病例,其中8例是高亲和力抗体,有含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史,判定为继发性免疫失败病例;1例为低亲和力抗体,有典型的麻疹临床症状,无MCV免疫史。结论麻疹IgG抗体亲和力试验能够提供有参考意义的血清学证据,可以减少麻疹急性期血清学诊断中由于IgM抗体假阴性而造成的错误排除。