Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound‐Guided Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal Nerve Block Combined with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block in Total Hip Arthroplasty via Direct Anterior Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of the combination of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks (LFCNB) and iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve blocks (IHINB) on postoperative pain and functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients undergoing THA via the DAA between January 2019 and November 2019 were stratified into two groups based on their date of admission. Sixty‐seven patients received LFCNB and IHINB along with periarticular infiltration analgesia (PIA) (nerve block group), and 75 patients received PIA alone (control group). The outcomes included postoperative morphine consumption, postoperative pain assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the QoR‐15 score, and functional recovery measured as quadriceps strength, time to first straight leg rise, daily ambulation distance, and duration of hospitalization. The Oxford hip score and the UCLA activity level rating were assessed at 1 and 3 months after surgery. In addition, postoperative complications were recorded. Patients were also compared based on the type of incision used during surgery (traditional longitudinal or “bikini” incision).ResultsPatients in the nerve block group showed significantly lower postoperative morphine consumption, lower resting VAS scores within 12 h postoperatively, lower VAS scores during motion within 24 h postoperatively, and better QoR‐15 scores on postoperative day 1. These patients also showed significantly better functional recovery during hospitalization. At 1‐month and 3‐month outpatient follow up, the two groups showed no significant differences in Oxford hip score or UCLA activity level rating. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications. Similar results were observed when patients were stratified by type of incision, except that the duration of hospitalization was similar.ConclusionCompared to PIA alone, a combination of LFCNB and IHINB along with PIA can improve early pain relief, reduce morphine consumption, and accelerate functional recovery, without increasing complications after THA via the DAA.     

Comparison of the anxiety,depression and their relationship to quality of life among adult acute leukemia patients and their family caregivers: a cross-sectional study in China

Quality of Life Research - To compare the anxiety, depression and explore their relationship to quality of life (QoL) among adult acute leukemia (AL) patients and family caregivers (FCs) in China....     

Soil microbial activities and carbon and nitrogen fixation

Soil microbial activity that reflects microbiological processes of soil microorganisms is the potential indicator of soil quality, as plants rely on soil microorganisms to mineralize organic nutrients for growth and development. Soil microorganisms also process plant litter and residues into soil organic matter, a direct and stable reservoir of carbon and nitrogen that consists of living and dead organic materials subject to rapid biological decomposition. In natural systems, the action of soil microorganisms is a major determinant of efficient nutrient cycling. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the fate of soil microorganisms in terms of carbon and nitrogen fixation.     

Surface modification of titanium implant by microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment

Surface modification of titanium implant is processed by microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment. A porous surface with a biologically active bone-like apatite layer was formed. The apatite layer consists of very fine crystals and high crystallinity and is integrated with the titanium alloy substrate with a graded structure without a distinct interface. Such a bioactive layer is expected not only to enhance the bony ingrowth into the porous structure, but also to improve the interlocking between implant and bone.     

心脏直视手术患儿补体4基因多态性对体外循环中补体激活程度的影响

目的：研究补体4基因多态性与体外循环中补体系统激活程度和肺功能障碍之间的关系。方法：选择武汉市及周边地区在体外循环（CPB）下进行心脏直视手术的患儿156例,于术前抽血用交叉免疫电泳法进行补体4基因型分析。分别于CPB开始前,CPB结束时以及鱼精蛋白中和肝素后10min抽取动脉血样,以放免法对补体3和4活化产物C3a和C4a进行测定。同时记录肺顺应性。结果：补体4基因型AABB,AOBB,OOBB,AABO及AAOO出现频率分别为51．28%,17.95%,4.49%,19.87%及6．41％,CPB结束时C4a水平无明显升高,C3a水平显著升高。鱼精蛋白中和肝素后10min时C4a和C3a水平显著升高,以OOBB组升高最显著,其次为AOBB组;同时OOBB组肺顺应性下降最显著,其次为AOBB组,结论：体外循环由替代途径激活补体系统,鱼精蛋白－肝素复合物由经典途径激活补体系统,国人补体4基因型中,OOBB型出现的频率较白种人高,该基因型在体外循环中补体系统被激活及肺功能受损程度最严重。     

Effect of ipratropium bromide on airway and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective　To observe the level of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues, and the effect of inhaled ipratropium bromide on these receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods　This model was developed by exposure of rats to 250 ppm SO2 gas, 5?h/d, 5d/wk, for a period of 7 wk. The COPD rats inhaled 0.025% aerosolized iratropium bromide for 20 min, 2 times daily, in an airtight chamber. Muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of normal rats, ipratropium bromide-treated COPD rats and the recovering COPD rats were measured by the radio-ligand binding assay. Results　Airway/lung pathology and pulmonary function tests showed that chronic SO2 exposure caused pathophysiologic changes similar to those observed in human COPD. The density (0.038±0.011, pmol/mg protein) and affinity (Kd, 23±11 pmol/L) of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of COPD rats were not changed compared with those of normal control rats (0.030±0.008 and 29±19, respectively, P>0.05). Densities of the muscarinic receptors were not changed after inhalation of ipratropium bromide for 5 days, but increased significantly after inhalation for 30 days, as compared with those of the untreated COPD rats. The muscarinic receptors returned the normal levels at day 6 after cessation of ipratropium bromide treatment. There were no differences among different groups of rats in equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd). Conclusion　A rat model of COPD with pathophysiologic changes similar to the human counterpart was developed using chronic SO2 exposure. There was no significant change in the number and function of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of the COPD rats, but upregulation of the muscarinic receptors was observed after long-term inhalation of ipratropium bromide.     

孕妇血清标记物在中孕筛查中的应用

目的 :通过对孕妇血清标记物甲胎蛋白 (AFP)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素 ( β -HCG )测定来筛选缺陷儿。 方法 :用放射免疫法对 6 2例孕 14～ 2 3周妊娠妇女上述标记物连测 3次 ,每次隔 12～ 14d ,以两次异常为高危个体。每例筛查者跟踪至胎儿出生后。结果 :在筛查中发现了 1例先天愚型和 1例无脑儿。结论 :上述两种血清标记物可以作为神经管缺陷和先天愚型筛查的一项常规方法     

小儿尿道狭窄的治疗

目的：探讨小儿尿道狭窄的治疗方法。方法：10例行尿道成形术,6例行尿道扩张术后留置导尿管,4例行尿道会师术。结果：6例术后排尿正常,均为行尿道成形术者,8例出院后尿道扩张2－3个月后排尿正常,4例需定期行尿道扩张。结论：尿道成形术治疗小儿尿道狭窄疗效确切。