几个常用执行功能测验在抑郁症中的应用

本文回顾了几个常用执行功能测验在抑郁症研究中的应用情况,包括威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、Stroop色词测验、连线测验（TMT）、Go/no go任务,以及N-back任务。另外,对已有研究中存在的问题进行了讨论和展望。     

特瑞普利单抗联合舒尼替尼治疗晚期肾细胞癌的初步疗效分析

目的：评估特瑞普利单抗联合舒尼替尼治疗晚期肾细胞癌的疗效与安全性。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年3月海军军医大学第二附属医院接受特瑞普利单抗联合舒尼替尼治疗的25例晚期肾癌患者临床资料,其中男21例,女4例,中位年龄为59 (33~80)岁。25例患者病理类型均为透明细胞癌,其中2例为TFE3融合基因相关肾癌,1例部分肉瘤样变,25例患者均发生局部进展或远处转移。评价其生存获益和相关不良反应发生情况。结果：中位随访时间11.0(2.5～24)个月,25例患者均可评价疗效,总体人群ORR 36.0%,DCR 84.0%,9例患者部分缓解,12例患者病情稳定,4例患者疾病进展,中位PFS 12.7个月(95%置信区间：10.7～14.7),中位OS尚未达到。治疗总体不良反应发生率为88.0%,常见不良反应包括皮疹、腹泻、手足皮肤反应、高血压等,90%的不良反应为1~2级。     

Early operation for fulminant acute pancreatitis: a possible way to decrease mortality

Background Although the indication and the timing for surgery in fulminant acute pancreatitis (FAP) are still controversial, our experience of surgical treatment for fulminant acute pancreaUtis may help improve the outcome for patients.Methods The clinical data of twenty-six patients with FAP from January 1, 2001 to October 1,2005 were analyzed. The diagnostic criteria fitted the 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Severe Acute Pancreatitis by the Chinese Medical Association.Results Twenty-six patients with FAP received surgical debridement, with a mortality rate of 42.3% (11/26). The postoperative mortalities in the ＞72 hour operation group and the <72 hour operation group were highly significantly different (7/8 vs 22.2% (4/18), respectively).Conclusions Early surgery may reduce the intraabdominal pressure and prevent the deterioration of FAP. An operation within 72 hours from the onset of symptoms might decrease the mortality of the disease.     

Pretreatment with Tongxinluo protects porcine myocardium from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through a nitric oxide related mechanism

Background The traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo can protect myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its action is not well documented. We examined the involvement of nitric oxide in the protective role of Tongxinluo. Methods Miniswine were randomized to four groups of seven: sham, control, Tongxinluo and Tongxinluo coadministration with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 mg/kg i.v.). Three hours after administration of Tongxinluo, the animals were anaesthetised and the left anterior descending coronary artery ligated and maintained in situ for 90 minutes followed by 3 hours of reperfusion before death. Area of no reflow and necrosis and risk region were determined pathologically by planimetry. The degree of neutrophil accumulation in myocardium was obtained by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and histological analysis. Myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and vascular endothelial cadherin content were measured by colorimetric method and immunoblotting analysis respectively.Results Tongxinluo significantly increased the local blood flow and limited the infarct and size of no reflow. Tongxinluo also attenuated myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil accumulation in histological sections and maintained the level of vascular endothelial cadherin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in the reflow region when compared with control group. The protection of Tongxinluo was counteracted by coadministration with L-NNA. Conclusions Tongxinluo may limit myocardial ischaemia and protect the heart against reperfusion injury. Tongxinluo regulates synthesis of nitric oxide by altering activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.     

人体胆结石高能震波碎石的动物实验

目的　研究人体 3种胆结石在一定能量下 ,冲击次数和能量的关系 ,确定不损伤胆囊和小肠内膜的能量安全阈值 .方法　犬胆囊和小肠内放入固醇石、混合石和色素石 ,在不同的输出电压下 ,放电碎石 .结果　固醇石、混合石和色素石破碎所需的能量不同 ,在同样电压下 ,固醇石所需的次数最少 ,混合石次之 ,色素石最多 ;病理检查表明 ,在电压 <15 k V时 ,胆囊和小肠粘膜处 ,细胞膜轻度充血 ,出现小出血点 .当电压 >15 k V后 ,粘膜有脱落 ,膜下组织水肿 .结论　电压具有依赖性 ;该仪器临床应用的冲击电压应小于 15 k V     

肢体负压对周围动脉闭塞性病变犬皮肤SP免疫反应阳性神经纤维影响

目的　观察肢体负压对周围动脉闭塞性病变犬皮肤中 SP免疫反应阳性神经纤维的影响 .方法　犬 17只 ,随机分治疗组 10只、非治疗组 5只和正常对照组 2只 ,治疗组和非治疗组均将动物制作左后肢缺血模型 ,治疗组在模型制作后 14d,开始行患肢负压治疗 10 d(15 min·次 - 1 ) ;非治疗组不做负压治疗 ;正常对照组不行缺血模型制作及负压治疗 . 3组均行左后肢趾皮肤免疫组化染色 ,检测 SP免疫反应阳性纤维 .结果　非治疗组皮肤中 SP免疫反应阳性神经纤维均较正常对照组明显增多 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗组较非治疗组减少(P<0 .0 1) ,但仍较正常对照组增多 .结论　肢体负压疗法可促进皮肤感觉神经纤维中 SP的释放     

反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响

目的　探讨反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响及其与下体负压耐力的关系 .方法　 2 7名男性健康被试者随机分成 3组 ,分别进行 - 5 .33 k Pa 8min(A组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa4min(B组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa8m in(C组 )的下体负压锻炼 ,1次· d- 1 ,连续 8d,记录心率及血压 .锻炼前、后测量平卧位心脏泵血功能 .结果　 A组锻炼前后心脏功能各项指标无显著变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,B组锻炼后左室射血期 (L VET)、每搏输出量 (SV)、心输出量 (CO)、心指数 (CI)、血管顺应性 (C)分别为 :(2 97± 14) ms,(113± 37) m L,(7.3± 2 .3) L· min- 1 ,(4.2± 1.4) L·min- 1·m- 2 ,(2 .7± 1.0 ) m L·Pa- 1 ,较锻炼前显著增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) .而总外周阻力 (TPR)为 (7.6± 2 .9)L· Pa- 1·cm- 5,较锻炼前显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) .C组锻炼后较锻炼前上述指标变化趋势与 B组相同 ,但未达显著水平 .结论　 - 6 .6 7k Pa反复下体负压暴露可改善心脏泵血功能 ,其可能通过相对提高心水平动脉血压而提高下体负压耐力     

紫绀型先天性心脏病的超声诊断价值

本研究回顾性分析了我科 1986年以来资料完整的各种紫绀型先天性心脏病 197例 ,旨在评价超声在各种紫绀型先心病中的诊断价值。1　资料与方法　　经手术证实的 197例紫绀型先心病患者 ,男 10 3例 ,女 94例 ,平均年龄 (10 .5± 6.2 )岁。简要询问病史 ,常规心脏听诊。超声心动图除常规检查外 ,重点观察流出道、肺动脉瓣、肺动脉发育情况 ,主动脉起源、有无骑跨 ,瓣膜位置 ,腔静脉汇入情况。少数病例进行静脉声学造影 ,以判断左右心房方位。2　结果　　本组病例包括以下畸形 :法乐氏四联症 (Ｆ4)、法乐氏三联症 (Ｆ3 )、三尖瓣下移畸形 (Ｅｂ…