Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞在嗜酸性粒细胞性慢性鼻窦炎发病机制中的作用研究进展

慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)是一种常见的慢性非特异感染性鼻部疾病,病理分型主要分为Th2细胞介导的嗜酸性粒细胞性鼻窦炎(ECRS)和Th1细胞介导的非嗜酸性粒细胞性鼻窦炎(非ECRS)2种表型。欧洲国家CRS患病人群主要表现为ECRS,而随着亚洲国家的急剧工业化发展,其ECRS的比例也在急剧增加。ECRS发病机制复杂,涉及多种免疫细胞和相关因子相互作用。其治疗方法包括抗生素、激素药物治疗及手术治疗等,但仍有部分患者症状难以改善或存在复发的风险。Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞(ILC2s)是一种非B、非T的新型淋巴细胞,与Th2免疫应答关系密切。文章就ILC2s在ECRS发病机制中的作用进行综述,以期为ECRS的诊断和治疗提供理论参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎免疫治疗药物托珠单抗的作用机制及安全性风险分析

目的分析托珠单抗的安全性风险,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对世界卫生组织药品不良反应监测数据库、我国药品不良反应监测数据库、国内文献数据库中的不良反应报告情况及国外药监机构风险控制措施等相关资料进行整理与分析。结果应重视托珠单抗临床使用中可能发生的肝功能异常、皮肤损害、过敏反应、胃肠道损害、感染、血液系统损害等不良反应。结论托珠单抗临床使用中,应加强对严重感染及肝功能损害等严重不良反应的安全性监测,促进药品的临床合理使用。     

Elevated serum levels of Interleukin‐37 are associated with inflammatory cytokines and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, the role of IL‐37 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between serum levels of IL‐37 and disease activity, inflammatory cytokines, and bone loss in patients with RA. Serum cytokines levels were examined by Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Radiographic bone erosion was assessed using the van der Heijde‐modified Sharp score and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA. Serum IL‐37 levels in RA patients were significantly higher than those in HCs (p < 0.001), and were significantly positively correlated with clinical parameters of disease activity and serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐23. In addition, serum IL‐37 levels were significantly higher in patients with stage IV of radiographic bone erosion than those with stage III and stage I–II, and they were significantly higher in those with osteopenia and osteoporosis than in those with normal BMD. Our results suggest that serum IL‐37 levels were increased in patients with RA and were positively associated with disease activity, IL‐17/IL‐23 and bone loss in RA, suggesting that IL‐37 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of RA.     

Anthropometric and reproductive factors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric noncardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI ≥30 vs. 18.5–25 kg/m²: HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.03) and women (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. After mutual adjustment for BMI and HC, respectively, WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs. <0.91; HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52–4.72 for WC >98 vs. <90 cm) and women (HR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.35–14.33 for WHR >0.82 vs. <0.76; HR = 5.67, 95% CI: 1.76–18.26 for WC >84 vs. <74 cm). WHR was also positively associated with GC in women, and WC was positively associated with GC in men. Inverse associations were observed between parity and EA (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.99; >2 vs. 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91; >26 vs. <22 years); whereas bilateral ovariectomy was positively associated with GNC (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.36). These findings support a role for hormonal pathways in upper gastrointestinal cancers.