转hCTLA4Ig树突状细胞诱导T细胞免疫耐受的实验研究

目的　通过逆转录病毒载体将人CTLA4Ig转染DCs ,探讨转人CTLA4Ig(hCTLA4Ig)树突状细胞 (DCsRev)诱导T细胞免疫耐受的可能性。方法　通过重组逆转录病毒将目的基因hCTLA4Ig转染到大鼠骨髓来源的DCs中 ,通过流式细胞检测目的基因hCTLA4Ig表达及DCs表面分子的改变 ;通过混合淋巴细胞反应 (MLR)检测DCsRev抑制T细胞免疫反应的能力。 结果　重组逆转录病毒转染DCs的最大效率为 91 2 5 % ;在功能上 ,DCsRev不但丧失了刺激MLR的能力 ,并且能够强烈抑制MLR中反应T细胞的增殖 ,而且抑制率与加入DCsRev的数量和DCsRev预处理反应T细胞的时间长短有关。具体来说 ,DCsRev数量在 10 3 ～ 10 4之间时 ,抑制率与剂量呈正相关 ,最高为 71 96%。而当DCsRev数量达到 5× 10 4抑制率下降为 5 9 2 %。在 12～ 48h之间 ,随着预处理时间的延长 ,抑制率却不断下降 ,预处理 12h抑制率最高 ,为 99 6%。但不做预处理 ,在反应开始时同时加入DCsRev ,则抑制率明显降低 ,仅为 5 9 2 %。对腹腔注射DCsRev大鼠脾T淋巴细胞体外分析表明 ,DCsRev也能在动物体内诱导耐受 ,但这种免疫耐受状态不能维持终身。结论　通过逆转录病毒载体将人CTLA4Ig转染DCs,不但DCs表面CD86分子被CTLA4Ig有效的封闭 ,并且能够诱导抗原特异性T细胞的免疫耐受     

Sources of stress in Australian adolescents: factor structure and stability over time

Adolescent stress is an emerging area of importance in considerations of the health of young people. Exposure to stress predicts a range of both physical and mental health problems in adolescents and relates, as well, to the initiation of important health risk behaviours. Yet the measurement of stress in adolescents has been as fraught with methodological difficulty as it has been for adults. This paper examines the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) which was developed specifically to address the domain of stressors specific to adolescent experience and looks at three cohorts of responses to this questionnaire over time (1995, 1998 and 2001). It assesses the stability of the original 7‐factor structure of the ASQ over time, and while confirmatory factor analysis indicates that stability to be acceptable, it also suggests that either adolescent stressors themselves, or the language by which they are reported, vary sufficiently over time to warrant the refinement of the instrument. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Endoscopic endonasal removal of an intra-suprasellar Rathke's cleft cyst: case report and surgical considerations.

An endoscopic endonasal approach was performed to remove an intra-suprasellar Rathke's cleft cyst. Rathke's cleft cyst are benign lesions, rarely diagnosed because they are often asymptomatic. To the best of our knowledge, at least 475 cases of Rathke's cleft cysts have been reported. They seem to arise from remnants of Rathke's pouch, an invagination of the stomodeum. A 52-year-old woman, complaining of bilateral frontal headaches, was operated on by using an endoscopic endonasal approach, for an intra-suprasellar tumor. The pre-operative diagnosis was non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Intra-operatively a creamy-coloured viscous tissue was found. After the removal of the cyst contents and of the capsule, the suprasellar structures were seen well. The chiasmatic cistern, the chiasm, the pituitary stalk and the pituitary gland were visualized with 0 and 30 degree endoscopes. The pathological findings showed a well-differentiated cuboidal epithelium. The diagnosis was Rathke's cleft cyst. No post-operative complications were observed. The endoscopic technique was particularly suitable in this case, both for the Rathke's cleft features and for an excellent outcome. The Rathke's cleft cyst was easily removed by suction and the cyst wall was entirely removed with curettes and pituitary punches. The hypophysis was distinguished from the cyst and was preserved. The surgical manoeuvres were all done under direct visual control. The absence of nasal packing and of breathing difficulties made comfortable the post-operative outcome. Thus, the endoscopic endonasal approach can be considered the favourite technique in case of either intra- and/or suprasellar Rathke's cleft cysts.     

银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力、体力的影响

目的：观察银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力体力的影响。方法：小鼠随机分为七组，通过喂饲银杏竹鼠肌肉干粉连续一个月，用小鼠低温游泳存活时间实验，耐缺氧实验及跳台和记忆获得障碍实验分别记录低温游泳存活时间，缺氧存活时间及第一次错误潜伏期和跳台错误次数。结果：各竹肉组小鼠与普通饲料（ＮＳ）组，普肉组，护宝液组比较，均可明显延长小鼠低温游泳存活时间和缺氧存活时间（Ｐ＜０．０５），与洋参丸组相当（Ｐ＞０．０５），竹肉大／超组小鼠跳台错误次数均减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉超组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉大组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期有延长趋势，但无统计学意义。结论：口服银杏竹鼠肌肉成分可增强小鼠学习记忆能力，增强小鼠体质，提高小鼠生活质量。这一结果也提示银杏竹鼠肌肉成分很有可能成为极有应用前景和开发前景的保健食品。     

选择性环氧化酶—2抑制剂的研究现状及应用评价

选择性环氧化酶（COX）-2抑制剂可有效地治疗炎症，同时避免或减轻由于抑制COX-1而导致的毒副作用。有乐观的临床应用前景，但其不良反应亦不容忽视，寻找临床评价好的选择性COX-2抑制剂是当前非甾体类抗类药物研究的重点。     

No impact of repeated endoscopic screens on gastric cancer mortality in a prospectively followed Chinese population at high risk.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in China. Our study prospectively evaluated the impact of repeated endoscopic screens on GC mortality in a high-risk population in China. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, a population-based gastroscopic screening was conducted in 4,394 residents of Linqu County, China, a region with the highest rates of GC worldwide. Residents ages 35 to 64 years received initial gastroscopies with biopsies in 1989. Repeated endoscopies were performed in 1994 and 1999. Cancer occurrences and deaths were actively monitored throughout the entire period until July 2000. Mortality from GC was compared with expected values based on mortality rates obtained for Linqu in the 1990-1992 Chinese Cancer Mortality Survey. RESULTS: Between March 1989 and July 2000, 39,303 person-years were accumulated; 85 new GCs occurred, 29 (34.5%) were in early stage. Fifty-eight cases (68%) were identified at one of the screens. The number of observed deaths from GC (37) was close to the expected (36.8). The standardized mortality ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.72-1.37) for the entire cohort, 1.13 (95% CI 0.77-1.57) for males, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.26-1.32) for females. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high population coverage with repeated screens, no reduction in GC mortality was observed in this high-risk population in China.     

窒息鼠脑组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性变化与脑水肿的关系

目的：探讨窒息对鼠脑分泌组织型纤溶酶原激活物（TPA）的影响与脑水肿的关系。方法：通过“延迟剖宫产术”致胎鼠宫内窘迫，实验分空白对照组，窒息15min组，窒息30min组，窒息15min复氧30min组，窒息30min复氧30min五个实验组，每组各取8例测试脑组织TAP的活性及含水量，结果：窒息后鼠脑TPA活性与含水量均升高（P＜0．01），结论：窒息可致TAP活性增高，同时发生脑水肿，高活性的TPA可能是脑缺氧缺血致不可逆神经元损伤的一个重要媒介。     

捻转补泻手法针刺合谷穴对其局部皮肤温度的影响

目的阐明针刺捻转补法与泻法的操作是否存在效应上的差异,并探讨其效应差异是否为补泻效应的差异.方法应用红外线热像技术,采用不同的捻转补泻手法针刺健康人合谷穴后,观察其在即刻,10、20、30min,对局部皮肤温度的影响.结果不同捻转补法与泻法的操作存在着不同程度的效应差异,其中补法可以使皮温升高,泻法可以使皮温降低,以石氏捻转补泻针法较为明显.结论1)补泻手法,补法和泻法的操作可产生不同的效应.2)不同捻转补泻手法对皮肤温度产生的升降效应为补泻效应,其中以石氏捻转补泻手法最为明显.3)证明补泻手法实施的必要性.     

游离和前列腺特异性抗原相互关系及临床应用

目的　评价总前列腺特异性抗原 (tPSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原 (fPSA)及百分率 (f/tPSA % )检测前列腺癌 (PCa)的相关性及临床价值。方法　用酶免法测定 35例PCa及 73例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者血清tPSA水平 ,4tPSA <10ng/ml患者另测其fPSA ,计算f/tPSA(% )。 结果　血清tPSA <4、4～ 10、>10ng/ml者发现PCa的比例组间相比均有统计学意义。 4～ 10ng/ml组 ,PCa和BPH者f/tPSA(% )分别是 9.1± 4.8、16 .4± 6 .1,差别有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　tPSA仍是PCa筛查的有效瘤标 ,tPSA低水平时 ,f/tPSA(% )检测PCa则更为灵敏精确。