Association of BDNF with anorexia, bulimia and age of onset of weight loss in six European populations

Several genes with an essential role in the regulation of eating behavior and body weight are considered candidates involved in the etiology of eating disorders (ED), but no relevant susceptibility genes with a major effect on anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) have been identified. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and body weight in rodents. We previously reported a strong association of the Met66 allele of the Val66Met BDNF variant with restricting AN (ANR) and low minimum body mass index in Spanish patients. Another single nucleotide polymorphism located in the promoter region of the BDNF gene (-270C>T) showed lack of association with any ED phenotype. In order to replicate these findings in a larger sample, we performed a case-control study in 1142 Caucasian patients with ED consecutively recruited in six different centers from five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK) participating in the 'Factors in Healthy Eating' project. We have found that the Met66 variant is strongly associated to all ED subtypes (AN, ANR, binge-eating/purging AN and BN), and that the -270C BDNF variant has an effect on BN and late age at onset of weight loss. These are the first two variants associated with the pathophysiology of ED in different populations and support a role for BDNF in the susceptibility to aberrant eating behaviors.     

诱导成骨的组织学及超微结构

选用免32只,手术截除桡骨2cm。缺损区充填DGB,手术后2、3、6、9周分别杀死动物作光镜及电镜观察。结果在电镜下发现有三类细胞,即成骨系、破基质系细胞和血管内皮细胞,并见到非成骨性结缔组织的间充质细胞分化为前成骨细胞→成骨细胞→骨细胞以及其同时分化为血管内皮细胞的全部过程。表实验从组织学和细胞学二方面证实DGB确有诱导成骨的作用。     

Kv11.1 channel subunit composition includes MinK and varies developmentally in mouse cardiac muscle

The Kv11.1 (also ERG1) K(+) channel underlies cardiac I(Kr), a current that contributes to repolarization in mammalian heart. In mice, I(Kr) current density decreases with development and studies suggest that changes in the structure and/or properties of the heteromultimeric I(Kr)/Kv11.1 channel are responsible. Here, using immunohistochemistry, we report that total Kv11.1 alpha subunit protein is more abundant in neonatal heart and is distributed throughout both adult and neonatal ventricles with greater abundance in epicardia. Immunoblots reveal that the alpha subunit alternative splice variant, Kv11.1a, is more abundant in adult heart while the Kv11.1b variant is more abundant in neonatal heart. Additionally, MinK channel subunit protein is shown to co-assemble with Kv11.1 protein and is more abundant in neonatal heart. In summary, Kv11.1/I(Kr) channel composition varies developmentally and the higher I(Kr) current density in neonatal heart is likely attributable to higher abundance of Kv11.1/I(Kr) channels, more specifically, the Kv11.1b splice variant.     

抗Cyclin D1胞内抗体AD5N基因真核表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的：构建细胞核定位的抗CydinD1胞内抗体基因的真核表达载体并分析其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制效应。方法：利用PCR技术和分子克隆技术，构建编码细胞核定位的抗CydinD1胞内抗体基因（AD5N）的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-ADSN，利用脂质体介导法转染MCF-7细胞，RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光、Westernblot和流式细胞术分析该胞内抗体基因ADSN在MCF-7细胞中的表达、定位及抑瘤效应。结果：经限制性内切酶分析及序列分析发现，成功构建编码细胞核定位的抗CyclinD1胞内抗体（AD5N）基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-ADSN，基因片段为855bp，编码285个氨基酸，分子量约为30kD。RT-PCR、免疫荧光及Westernblot实验结果显示，仅在转染胞内抗体基因的MCF-7细胞中存在该胞内抗体的表达，并且主要分布在细胞核区域。与野生型MCF-7细胞和转染空质粒的细胞相比，在MCF-7／pcDNA3．1-ADSN细胞中ADSN的表达可明显抑制MCF-7细胞增殖，显著诱导细胞凋亡（P〈0．01），使G0-G1期细胞周期指数增高12．64％，S期指数下降15．22％，凋亡细胞指数上升9．15％。结论：细胞核定位的抗CyclinD1胞内抗体ADSN基因的表达，可有效抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖，阻滞细胞周期进展，并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Genome-wide examination of myoblast cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation.

Skeletal and cardiac myocytes cease division within weeks of birth. Although skeletal muscle retains limited capacity for regeneration through recruitment of satellite cells, resident populations of adult myocardial stem cells have not been identified. Because cell cycle withdrawal accompanies myocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that C2C12 cells, a mouse myoblast cell line previously used to characterize myocyte differentiation, also would provide a model for studying cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation. C2C12 cells were differentiated in culture medium containing horse serum and harvested at various time points to characterize the expression profiles of known cell cycle and myogenic regulatory factors by immunoblot analysis. BrdU incorporation decreased dramatically in confluent cultures 48 hr after addition of horse serum, as cells started to form myotubes. This finding was preceded by up-regulation of MyoD, followed by myogenin, and activation of Bcl-2. Cyclin D1 was expressed in proliferating cultures and became undetectable in cultures containing 40% fused myotubes, as levels of p21(WAF1/Cip1) increased and alpha-actin became detectable. Because C2C12 myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle during myocyte differentiation following a course that recapitulates this process in vivo, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify other gene products involved in this process. Using microarrays containing approximately 10,000 minimally redundant mouse sequences that map to the UniGene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, we compared gene expression profiles between proliferating, differentiating, and differentiated C2C12 cells and verified candidate genes demonstrating differential expression by RT-PCR. Cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed groups of gene products involved in cell cycle withdrawal, muscle differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified several genes, including DDAH2 and Ly-6A, whose expression specifically was up-regulated during cell cycle withdrawal coincident with early myoblast differentiation.     

环境物理因子的最佳条件的选择

目的：利用黄金数比例规律找出环境物理因子对人体的最佳条件：方法：人体的相当一部分内容与黄金数有着密切的联系，为此把复杂的人体可以简化为比例加破缺的比例实体；环境物理因子：如环境温度、湿度、环境光波和声波以及环境气压和氧分压，当它们处在黄金数比例附近时，会在人体产生和谐合柏作用。结果：环境物理因子选择在黄金数比例附近时，在心理上产生美和舒适感。已经发现，当精神愉快时，人脑电波频率下限(8Hz)和上限(12．9Hz)之比恰为黄金数。结论：环境物理因子的最佳条件是可以选择的。     

罗勒多糖对人树突细胞抗原摄取功能及共刺激分子表达的影响

目的探讨罗勒多糖对人外周血单核细胞来源的树突细胞（dendritic cells，DC）抗原摄取功能以及共刺激分子表达的影响。方法从正常人外周血单核细胞诱导未成熟和成熟的DC，实验组加入罗勒多糖（150μg/ml），对照组加入PBS，分别培养24h，收获未成熟的DC，与OVA—FTTC（100μg/ml）共同孵育，流式细胞仪检测DC的抗原摄取能力。同时收获成熟DC，流式细胞仪检测DC表面共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达情况。结果与对照组比较，罗勒多糖作用组DC的抗原摄取能力显著提高，同时成熟DC表面共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达也明显升高。结论罗勒多糖可显著增强DC的抗原摄取能力，并且能够提高细胞表面共刺激分子的表达，这可能是罗勒多糖发挥抗肿瘤免疫的机制之一。     

青少年抑郁症状的相关家庭因素研究

目的 调查青少年抑郁症状发生情况,分析其相关家庭因素。方法 于2019年11月选择西安市初级中学和高级中学各2所,采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取650名学生作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、流调中心用抑郁症状自评量表、儿童期创伤问卷和父母教养方式问卷进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析探究影响青少年抑郁症状水平的相关家庭因素。结果 本组青少年抑郁症状评分为16.00(9.00,20.00)分,抑郁症状阳性筛查率为19.7%。多元线性回归分析结果显示:性别、父母婚姻状态、情感虐待、躯体虐待、父亲过度保护、母亲过度保护、父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖(β=-0.028、0.030、0.103、0.267、0.467、0.047、-0.279、-0.272,P＜0.001)是青少年抑郁症状的主要影响因素,共解释总变异的92.3%。结论 青少年抑郁症状阳性筛查率处于较低水平,性别、父母婚姻状态、情感虐待、躯体虐待、父/母亲过度保护、父/母亲情感温暖是青少年抑郁症状的主要家庭因素。     

基于塔巴模式的医院感染预防与控制课程设计研究——来自10所院校师生的数据分析

 目的 调查医院感染预防与控制课程设计中医学生的教育需求及教师的课程设计建议。方法 采用问卷调查全国5个地区10所医学院校师生的医院感染预防与控制教育需求和课程设计意见,参考塔巴目标模式课程设计步骤,论证课程设计方案。结果 584名学生中,仅11.8%(69名)的学生认为当前医院感染预防与控制教育能完全满足其需求,需求得分居前四位的为手卫生、消毒灭菌隔离、医院感染概论和职业防护。352名教师中,72.7%(256名)建议设必修课;86.4%(304名)选择总学时8~24学时,12.5%(44名)选择24学时以上,被调查教师建议10个章节学时平均总和为19.5;需重点掌握13项、熟悉9项知识和技能;86.4%(304名)教师建议理论与见习学时比为1 ∶0.5及以上;53.4%(188名)教师建议采取理论大课+小组见习(含技能操作)+线上学习的形式;63.7%(224名)教师建议师资团队由医院感染管理科+感染病科+护理部教师共同组成。结论 当前医学生的医院感染预防与控制教育远未完全满足需求,单独开课很有必要,建议设置16~24学时必修课,理论联系实践,多学科师资实施多元化教学,按照必修课考核。     

中孕期胎儿染色体异常高危孕妇羊水细胞胎儿染色体核型及介入性产前诊断指征的大样本分析

目的探讨中孕期胎儿染色体异常(FCA)高危孕妇羊水细胞胎儿染色体核型(FK)及其介入性产前诊断(IPD)指征。方法选择2014—2018年,在四川大学华西第二医院产前诊断中心进行羊膜腔穿刺术羊水细胞FK检测的63581例FCA高危孕妇(孕龄为19~27+6孕周)为研究对象。回顾性分析孕妇不同IPD指征及其胎儿染色体核型异常(FKA)检测结果。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准,并通过该伦理委员会批准[审批文号:医学科研2019伦审批第(077)号]。结果①本组63581例中孕期孕妇的FKA检出率为3.13%(1989/63581)。这63581例孕妇的IPD指征分别为高龄(预产期年龄≥35岁)(25648例)、血清学筛查高风险(29009例)、无创产前筛查(NIPT)高风险(333例)、夫妇一方为染色体异常携带者(603例)、超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常及超声软指标异常(2647例)、异常儿生育史(1546例)、于外院进行羊水细胞FK分析结果异常者(7例)、孕妇智力低下及合并智力低下家族史(149例)、孕妇早孕期有害物质接触史(1400例)、其他(2239例),FKA检出率分别为3.26%(836/25648)、2.04%(593/29009)、65.17%(217/333)、34.33%(207/603)、3.51%(93/2647)、1.68%(26/1546)、85.71%(6/7)、4.03%(6/149)、0.14%(2/1400)、0.13%(3/2239)。②351例孕妇的IPD指征为超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常中,IPD指征为胎儿淋巴水囊瘤、皮肤水肿的FKA检出率最高,为26.09%(6/23)。2296例孕妇的IPD指征为胎儿超声软指标异常中,IPD指征为胎儿颈项透明层(NT)值≥2.5 mm的FKA检出率最高,为7.74%(66/853)。结论孕妇高龄、血清学筛查高风险、NIPT高风险、夫妇一方为染色体异常携带者、超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常及超声软指标异常等,均为中孕期孕妇FCA的IPD指征,孕妇IPD指征类型不同,FCA风险不同。羊膜腔穿刺术羊水细胞FK检测,可预测有IPD指征孕妇的妊娠结局,为降低FKA出生率提供参考。