Traumatic or septic aortic regurgitation: diagnosis by oesophageal echocardiography

Severe aortic regurgitation was discovered in a young man 21 days after blunt chest trauma and after a prolonged febrile state with positive blood cultures. Using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), it was possible to make the differential diagnosis between traumatic rupture and endocarditis as the cause of valvular insufficiency. The use of TEE in the initial evaluation of severe thoracic trauma with an unclear clinical picture is recommended. This method is easy to use at the bedside and gives precise information on the aortic valve and the ascending aorta.     

体外循环术后低钾血症370例的护理

1临床资料我院1996-01/2004-12体外循环下行心内直视手术370例,其中先心病240例,冠状动脉搭桥术55例,风心病瓣膜置换术75例,年龄1.5～74.0岁.     

Immunohistochemical characterization of the 'intimal proliferation' phenomenon in Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia

Cellular changes were immunocytochemically characterized in skin vessels of five patients with idiopathic generalized racemose livedo (Sneddon's syndrome), and one patient with localized racemose livedo associated with essential thrombocythaemia. Antibodies against α-smooth muscle-actin, tropomyosin, desmin, vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen, human endothelial cells (CD31), human macrophages (CD68), and HLA-DR positive cells (CR3/43) were used. Conventional light microscopy showed, in all cases, intimal thickening of ascending arteries and arterioles as a result of an accumulation of cells and extracellular hyalinized material. None of the specimens showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes or macrophages. The cells in the region of the intimal hyperplasia showed intense positive immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin and tropomyosin. Staining for the intermediate filament desmin was localized to the resident smooth muscle cells of the media, whereas staining for vimentin was found in all types of cells in both the intima and media. Positive immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigen and CD31 was strictly confined to the endothelial cells lining the narrowed lumina of the vessels. No positive staining with either antibody was observed in totally occluded vessels. Cells in the subintimal space did not show reactivity for CD68 in any of the specimens, but two cases showed solitary cells with positive staining for HLA-DR in this region. There were no differences in staining pattern between Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia with any of the antibodies. Our results support the assumption that the ‘intimal proliferation’ in both diseases is caused by colonization of the subendothelial space with contractile cells of possibel smooth muscle origin. The similarities in histopathology and immunocytochemistry might indicate that in both diseases platelet-derived factors play a causative role.     

Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibromas of the nail apparatus

True fibromas develop as painless slow-growing nodular tumours. They may appear in any portion of the nail apparatus. The clinical features vary according to their anatomical site. In contrast, the histological features, consisting of a dermal hypocellular reticular nodule with ill-defined demarcation, were similar in all our patients, and factor XIIIa was negative.     

金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁的中期结果

目的评价金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁的中期疗效。方法1995年10月至1998年12月，采用金属支架永久植入治疗上尿路闭锁患者13例，其中肾盂输尿管连接部闭锁8例，肾下盏输尿管吻合口闭锁3例，输尿管上段闭锁和输尿管膀膀吻合口闭锁各1例。闭锁长度1．0～3．6cm。采用影像学方法定期随访，必要时行输尿管镜检查。结果13例术后随访1～9年，平均92个月。输尿管引流通畅6例，需辅助停留输尿管内支架管、换管时见支架处上皮覆盖完全3例，因肾功能进行性恶化而行肾切除2例，因肾积脓感染无法控制而取出金属支架2例。3例患者分别于置管后4、6、6个月发现支架内肉芽组织生长，用钬激光汽化肉芽组织。其中1例4个月后又出现肉芽组织生长，再用钬激光汽化后长期留置双J管。2例患者于置管术后28、32个月并发支架近端结石，分别用微创经皮取石术和输尿管镜取出。结论金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁安全、有效，中期结果满意，其对上尿路动力学的影响尚需进一步研究。     

阶跃切应力对内皮细胞释放前列环素的影响

采用流室定量研究阶跃切应力对内皮细胞释放前列环素（ｐＧＩ＿２）的影响。对流室中的内皮细胞连续１００分钟施加１、１０、２０ｄｙｎｅ／ｃｍ￣２的阶跃剪切应力，用放免法测流室的８个时间段流出液的６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦｉ＿（１ａ）。绘出切应力刺激内皮细胞释放ＰＧＩ＿２的曲线。结果表明：未施加切应力时，内皮细胞释放ＰＧＩ＿２的量在检测限以下，施加切应力后，ＰＧＩ＿２释放速率很快达极大值，且又在数分钟内减小．施加阶跃切应力越大，ＰＧＩ＿２释放速率曲线峰值越高，但衰减也越快，在８０～１００分钟时间内的前列环素释放速率平均值也越大。由此提示，在活体中血液流变学因素一血流切应力对血管内皮细胞释放前列环素有促进作用。     

动态MRI对臂丛根性损伤和颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨动态MRI诊断臂丛神经根性损伤的影像学表现及其诊断价值，以及在与颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法对8例臂丛神经根性损伤患者行动态MRI检查，结合CT薄层扫描和肌电图随访；所有8例患者均手术证实为臂丛根性损伤。结果本组患者在伤后早期1～2d内均无位于椎间孔及椎间孔外的创伤性脊膜囊肿、神经根断裂等支持臂丛根性损伤的MRI异常表现；4例患者有颈椎骨折或颈髓损伤的MRI表现。伤后7～15d（平均10d）后，再次行颈椎MRI检查，出现典型的MRI臂丛根性损伤表现：椎间孔及椎孔外臂丛神经走行处T2WI高信号的创伤性脊膜囊肿、脊髓移位和神经根缺失及走行异常等。结论动态MRI检查对臂丛根性神经损伤具有损伤节段定位准确、椎管外部分同样能够显示、无创、操作简单、准确性高等特点；其短期内特征性的动态变化易于诊断臂丛根性损伤，同时又能与颈髓损伤相鉴别。     

复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石769例报告

目的探讨复式脉冲HB-V型低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾结石的治疗效果.方法采用复式脉冲HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗直径<2.0 cm的各类肾结石769例，治疗工作电压3～9 kV，平均冲击次数2 300次.结果肾盏结石总粉碎率为97.4%，其中上中盏结石复打率为13.1%，术后3个月排净率为89.4%，下盏结石复打率为17.3%，排净率为81.5%；肾盂结石粉碎率为98.3%，复打率为6.1%，术后3个月排净率为93.0%.结论复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石具有治疗成功率高、复打率低、无严重并发症、副作用少之优点.     

Azoospermia in two brothers with Kartagener syndrome:a family history and diagnosis

0This article describes 2 infertile brothers of asoospermia equally associated with co-existing sinusitis,bronchiectasis,and situs inversus and their family history.These two cases were diagnosed as Kartagener syndrome(KS).The patients were not offspring of kin marriages but their family members with scattered bronchi-pulmouary infections were discovered.No one manifests azoospermia,dextrocardia or situs inversus in the paternal family ex-cept two cases reported.No abnormalities were found in their mother-side family.KS should be differentiated from Young's syndrome,cystic fibrosis(CF),and other diseases such as Kallmann's syndrome in male infertility clinic.