The Efficacy of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Infusion as an Adjuvant Therapy for Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Background

Even after surgery, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has poor prognosis; adjuvant therapy is needed to improve effectively the outcome of HCC patients. We evaluated the efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell infusion as an adjuvant therapy for postoperative HCC patients.

Methods

A total of 410 patients were studied retrospectively (January 2002 to January 2007): 206 received surgery alone; 204 received surgery and at least four cycles of CIK cell transfusion (CIK group). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to explore differences in OS between two groups.

Results

The CIK group overall survival rates were significantly higher than that of the surgery-alone group (log-rank test; p = 0.0007). Multivariate survival analysis showed that CIK cell treatment was an independent prognostic factor. In subgroup analysis, patients who received ≥8 cycles of CIK cell transfusion exhibited significantly better survival than the <8 cycle group (p = 0.0272). There was no significant difference in overall survival in patients with ≤5-cm tumors between the CIK and surgery-alone groups (p = 0.7567). However, in patients with >5-cm tumors, the CIK group displayed significantly better overall survival than the surgery-alone group (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions

Postoperative immunotherapy with CIK cell transfusion may be an effective adjuvant treatment for improving the outcomes of HCC patients; >8 cycles of CIK cell transfusion may ensure that patients derive maximal benefits. Moreover, patients with large tumors might benefit more from CIK cell adjuvant treatment than patients with small tumors.     

甲基强的松龙与地塞米松治疗腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效对比

【摘要】 目的 比较甲基强的松龙(甲强龙)与地塞米松治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2012年7月收治的66例炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料,依据使用不同激素分为甲强龙组和地塞米松组,观察比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果 66例患者均采用保守方法治愈,无中转手术病例。甲强龙组腹胀、腹痛缓解时间,肛门排气时间和治愈时间均少于地塞米松组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 甲强龙治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻疗效优于地塞米松。     

鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌5例报告

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌（ poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, PNEC ）的疗效。方法2004年8月-2011年9月采用鼻内镜手术联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC5例,术中根据肿瘤累及范围,开放相应的鼻窦,去除肿瘤及周围破坏的骨质。术中行颅底修补1例。结果手术时间40-180min,平均105min;术中出血量150—400ml,平均240ml。术后颅内感染1例,应用大剂量抗生素静点及椎管内注射后感染控制。5例随访4～34个月,平均20．8月,1例蝶窦肿瘤术后3个月侧颅底及颅内复发,术后4个月死亡,余4例无复发。结论鼻内镜下切除联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC疗效确切。     

A clinical morphologic study of the C2 pedicle and isthmus

Purpose

This anatomic, radiographic study investigated locational differences in the C2 pedicle and isthmus [pediculoisthmic component (PIC)] and characterized its narrowest section for clinical application in posterior C2 screw fixation.

Methods

Structures surrounding the transverse foramina of 30 dry C2s and 10 C3s were compared morphologically. Spinal CT scans of 32 Chinese adults were subjected to volume rendering and multiplanar reconstruction to identify the narrowest C2 PIC, and correlative parameters were measured and analyzed.

Results

Inferior C2 and C3 structures were morphologically similar. In superior view, the C2 superior facets lay on the transverse foramen and the upper portion between superior and inferior facets was flat (average mediolateral angle, 11.1° ± 2.4°). In inferior view, the posteroinferomedial portion of the C2 transverse foramen displayed a partially tubular structure (average mediolateral angle of projection, 42.6° ± 4.9°). Average height and width were 11.6 and 6.9 mm. The inner medullary cavity was elliptical and the middle site of endosteal diameter was 3.3 ± 1.9 mm. Medial internal cortical bone was significantly thicker than lateral bone (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The PIC is located between superior and inferior C2 facets. The superior flat area is the isthmus and the inferomedial area connecting the inferior facet and vertebral body is the pedicle. The pedicle is partially tubular and projects posteromedially to the transverse foramen. The narrowest PIC section is the narrowest point of the C2 pedicle. Considering its thin lateral cortical bone, medial and superior pedicle screw placement and preoperative CT reconstruction are recommended.     

周围型肺癌的动态增强曲线的诊断价值

目的 :探讨动态增强曲线在周围型肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值。材料和方法 :研究 116例孤立性肺结节 (直径≤4cm) ,其中肺癌 88例 ,结核球 10例 ,炎性结节 15例 ,良性肿瘤 3例。在注入造影剂 1 5ml/kg前后 ,对病灶进行同层动态扫描 ,测量增强前后各次扫描时病灶的CT值 ,根据CT值绘出动态增强曲线。结果 :三者动态增强曲线的峰值中每两者之间均有显著差异 ,肺癌的增强峰值高于结核球而低于炎性结节。肺癌的动态增强曲线多呈慢升慢降型 ,抛物线状 ;炎性结节多呈快升慢降或快升快降型 ;结核球多呈一低平曲线。炎性结节达峰值的时间较肺癌快。结论 :周围型肺癌的动态增强曲线峰值、达峰值的时间、曲线形态不同于结核球、炎性结节 ,因而动态增强曲线有助于周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断     

螺旋CT三维成像诊断胃部疾病的临床价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT三维成像诊断胃部病变的应用价值及检查方法。材料和方法 :3 5例患者进行不同含气量胃螺旋CT扫描及工作站后处理 ,获得CT仿真内窥镜 (CTVE)、表面覆盖成像 (SSD )、透明成像 (Raysum )三种图像 ,逐一与胃镜 /手术证实。结果 :CTVE、SSD对病灶的检出率相同 ,均为 86% (3 0 /3 5 ) ,Raysum的病灶检出率为 66% (2 3 /3 5 ) ,前两者与后者之间的差异有显著性意义。对≥ 0 4cm的隆起病灶 ,三种方法的检出率均为 10 0 %。不同含气量对不同部位的胃壁显示不同 ,大气量比小气量显示好。结论 :螺旋CT三维成像是一种无创、易被患者接受的方法。在对病灶的解剖定位、肿瘤的TNM分型方面是胃镜较好的补充手段 ,以SSD为优     

FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合在胸腹部肿瘤病变诊断中的价值

目的 :初步评价FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合在胸腹部肿瘤病变诊断中的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 2 2例疑为胸腹部肿瘤或肿瘤术后复发而行18F -FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层联合扫描同机图像融合患者的资料。结果 :14例肿瘤或肿瘤术后复发的患者FDG显像 ,在 34个病灶中共检出 33个病灶 ( 97.1% )。融合影像可更加直观清晰地显示占位性病变或肿大淋巴结的代谢活性。其中 4例 ( 4 /14 )患者位于邻近膈肌上下及胸椎体、前列腺的 6个病灶 ( 6 /34)必须借助融合图像才能精确定位。结论 :FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合可明显提高符合显像定位诊断的准确性。     

SPIO与Gd-DTPA联合增强检测大鼠肝癌病灶的实验研究

目的 :观察联合使用SPIO和Gd DTPA对大鼠肝癌模型的增强特点。材料和方法 :制作 3 0只大鼠肝癌模型 ,增强前后行MR扫描 ,平扫序列包括SE、TSE、GRE的T1、T2WI序列。增强扫描分为 4组 ,其中Gd +SPIO联合增强组 10只 ,先注射Gd DTPA ,行SE、GRET1WI扫描 ,随后给予SPIO造影剂 ,扫描序列同平扫 ;SPIO +Gd联合增强组 10只 ,先注射SPIO ,行SE、GRET1WI扫描 ,12min后再给予Gd DTPA ,扫描序列同平扫 ;Gd、SPIO增强组各为 5只 ,增强扫描序列同平扫。分析各增强扫描组中病灶的增强特点。结果 :两种联合增强方法中 ,肝脏信号强度在所有扫描序列中均较平扫时下降 ,但与SPIO增强组无差异 ;病灶的SNR、CNR在SE、GRET1WI中明显高于平扫和SPIO、Gd DTPA增强法 ;在T2WI中病灶的SNR、CNR和单独使用SPIO无显著性差异。两种联合增强方法之间的SNR和CNR在每种扫描序列中没有显著性差异。结论 :SPIO和Gd DTPA联合增强方法利用了两种造影剂的优势 ,增加了肿瘤病变的对比 ,可提高发现病变的几率。     

Inhibition of neointimal formation after stent placement with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of I kappa B alpha in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit model: initial results

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the local application of a replication-defective adenovirus construct for the expression of the antiinflammatory protein I kappa B alpha, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), to reduce neointimal formation after stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nitinol stents were implanted in the iliac arteries of hypercholesterolemic rabbits, followed by balloon dilation (30 seconds at 6 atm). Local adenovirus-mediated transfer of I kappa B alpha (3 mL of 10(9) plaque-forming units per milliliter at 6 atm) was performed and compared with three control groups: stent alone, stent plus local delivery of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (3 mL at 6 atm), and stent plus local delivery of control adenovirus coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) (3 mL of 10(9) plaque-forming units per milliliter at 6 atm). A multichannel balloon was used for local drug delivery and balloon dilation. Animals were sacrificed 1 or 4 weeks after treatment. Effective transfection was demonstrated with immunofluorescence staining. Angiographic patency and luminal diameter were evaluated at quantitative angiography. Luminal and neointimal areas were measured on surface-stained ground sections with methylmethacrylate embedding and the cutting-grinding technique. RESULTS: All vessels with stents were patent at angiography. Neointimal area was negligible in all groups 1 week after stent placement (range, 0.42-0.52 mm(2); P =.44; analysis of variance). Neointimal formation was demonstrated in all groups 4 weeks after implantation but was significantly reduced with I kappa B alpha treatment compared with treatment with stent alone (by 22%, from 2.80 mm(2) +/- 0.20 to 2.28 mm(2) +/- 0.14, P =.05), stent plus PBS (by 43%, from 3.26 mm(2) +/- 0.25 to 2.28 mm(2) +/- 0.14, P =.005), and stent plus GFP (by 53%, from 2.32 mm(2) +/- 0.19 to 1.51 mm(2) +/- 0.08, P <.005). CONCLUSION: Local adenovirus-mediated I kappa B alpha gene transfer has the potential to reduce intimal hyperplasia after stent placement.     

辅酶NADH抑制人肝细胞株L02化疗凋亡损伤的作用

为研究辅酶NADH对顺铂（DDP）诱导的肝细胞凋亡的抑制作用及其分子机制，采用透射和扫描电镜检测肝细胞超微结构改变，碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡，RT－PCR检测p53和bcl-2基因表达变化，并用紫外分光光度法测定凋亡分子caspase-3和caspase－8活性水平的改变。结果显示，与DDP组比较，NADH／DDP组典型凋亡超微形态改变不明显，细胞凋亡明显下降，p53基因表达下降，bcl-2基因表达上升，caspase-3和caspase-8活性维持在低水平。提示NADH具有明显抑制DDP诱导肝细胞凋亡的作用。