多法测量塑料薄膜水蒸气透过量的一致性研究

目的：评价杯式法、电解法和红外法3种方法测量塑料薄膜水蒸气透过量的数据一致性。方法：采用厚度均匀的塑料薄膜,经杯式法、电解法和红外法3种方法测量其水蒸气透过量,等效检验评价测定结果的一致性。结果：杯式法、电解法和红外法测量塑料薄膜的水蒸气透过量分别为7.03、7.02和6.99 g/（m²·day）。结论：3种方法的测量结果等效。这为多种方法测量塑料薄膜水蒸气透过量的实验室数据对比提供了一定的数据基础。     

再谈2019中国乙型肝炎母婴传播防治指南:证据,证据,还是证据

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播是导致慢性HBV感染的主要原因,因此如何阻断HBV母婴传播,实现HBV阳性母亲所生新生儿HBV“零感染”的目标一直是临床研究的热点问题,国际和我国的乙型肝炎防治指南中都重点讨论这个问题,也发表了相关共识。由中华医学会感染病学分会和GRADE中国中心制定的《中国乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播防治指南(2019年版)》(以下简称《指南》),并在《中华传染病杂志》发表.     

围绝经期及绝经后女性性功能障碍状况及与更年期症状的关系分析

目的 调查围绝经期及绝经后女性性功能障碍状况,分析更年期症状对女性性功能障碍（female sexual dysfunction,FSD）的影响。方法 选取2019年6月至2019年10月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊的40岁以上女性180例进行问卷调查,根据生殖衰老分期研讨会（Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop,STRAW+10）标准将研究对象分为4组：绝经过渡早期（A组）、绝经过渡晚期（B组）、绝经后期早期（C组）、绝经后期晚期（D组）。应用改良Kupperman评分表（Modified Kupperman Index,KMI）评价女性更年期症状;女性性功能指数（Female Sexual Function Index,FSFI）量表评价女性性功能障碍。结果 随着生殖衰老分期的提高,4组患者的年龄中位数逐渐增大,从45.5岁提高到57.0岁;与伴侣共同生活时间的年限中位数从20年增加到23.5年,性生活的间隔时间中位数从7 d增加到15 d;KMI中位数从9.5分提高到15分（P<0.05）。随着生殖衰老分期的升高,FSD和性欲障碍、性唤起障碍、阴道湿润障碍、性高潮障碍、性满意度障碍和性交痛的患病率均明显升高（P<0.05）。FSD和性欲障碍、性唤起障碍、阴道湿润障碍、性高潮障碍、性满意度障碍和性交痛的患病率随更年期症状的严重程度提高而升高（P<0.05）。结论 随着女性生殖衰老分期的提高,FSD的患病率明显升高。出现更年期症状以及其严重程度是40岁以上女性发生FSD的重要影响因素,应积极治疗更年期症状以提高女性的生活质量。     

葡聚糖包裹的超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒用于MRI造影剂的研究

目的探讨葡聚糖包裹的超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒（dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxides nanoparticles,dextran／SPIONP）作为间质注射的MRI造影剂的可行性。方法应用界面共沉淀法,制备dex—tran／SPIONP,用透射电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱测试、热重分析等方法对dextran／SPIONP的大小、磁性能等进行表征,并研究葡聚糖对SHONP的影响。然后,将dextran／SPIONP稀释成不同剂量,兔舌粘膜下间质注射后的不同时间段,切取前哨淋巴结,行核磁共振波谱分析,确定dextrart／SPIONP的最适剂量和最佳检测时间。结果dextran／SPIONP的平均直径为6～9nm,其表征与经典的共沉淀法制备的颗粒一致,具有超顺磁性,葡聚糖是影响SPIONP饱和磁化强度的主要因素。dextran／SPIONP用于间质注射的最适剂量为含铁量20μmol,最佳检测时间为注射后2Ah。结论用界面共沉淀法制备的dextran／SPIONP是一种适用于间质注射的MRI造影剂。     

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy mimicking diabetic neuropathy in a young female with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The presentations of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) overlap with those of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We described a young girl with CIDP underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting with progressive numbness and limb weakness, who was initially misdiagnosed to have DPN. Finally immunosuppressive therapy got good response.     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合阿德福韦酯对HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的治疗

目的:分析聚乙二醇干扰素-2a(peginterferon-2a,Peg-IFN-2a)治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎应答不佳者联合阿德福韦酯(adefovirdipivoxil,ADV)治疗48 wk的疗效、安全性,并评价48 wk疗效预测指标.方法:140例患者初始均接受Peg-IFN-2a每周1次皮下注射单药治疗,根据24 wk时HBVDNA水平进行分组.A组90例患者治疗24 wk时HBV DNA≥2.0×103IU/mL且HBV DNA下降≥2 log10 IU/mL,其中A1组45例患者加用ADV治疗至48 wk,A2组45例患者继续Peg-IFN-2a单药治疗至48 wk;B组50例患者治疗24 wk时HBV DNA<2.0×103IU/mL,继续Peg-IFN-2a治疗至48 wk.比较各组基线及治疗中HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg及ALT水平.结果:治疗36、48 wk时HBV DNA转阴率B组>A1组>A2组(P<0.01).治疗36 wk时HBV DNA下降值B组>A1组>A2组(P<0.01).48 wk时HBV DNA下降值A1组>A2组(P<0.01),A1、B组之间差异无统计学意义.治疗24-48 wk期间,A1组HBeAg血清转换率升高幅度>A2组和B组(P<0.01).治疗48 wk时HBsAg下降A1组4例、A2组1例、B组2例.治疗36、48 wk时A1与A2、B组ALT复常率差异无统计学意义.A1组治疗48 wk时HBV DNA阴转与治疗36 wk HBVDNA下降值有关.治疗36 wk时HBV DNA较基线下降值对48 wk时HBV DNA阴转的阳性预测值为90.5%,较24 wk时下降值对48 wk时HBV DNA阴转的阳性预测值为95.7%.结论:Peg-IFN-2a治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎应答不佳者联合ADV治疗提高病毒应答、HBeAg血清转换率,其中治疗36 wk时HBV DNA下降值可预测48 wk疗效.     

12/15-脂加氧酶与糖尿病微血管并发症

最近研究发现,12/15-脂加氧酶的过表达或激活可能促进了糖尿病肾病和神经病变的进展.该酶可催化花生四烯酸产生12-羟基二十碳四烯酸和15-羟基二十碳四烯酸,从而影响细胞结构、代谢和信号转导.研究发现12/15-脂加氧酶及其代谢产物可直接诱导或间接调节细胞因子导致细胞肥大、增殖和细胞外基质堆积,参与糖尿病肾病的发生.此外,该酶的过表达和激活与外周神经系统的氧化-硝化应激相关,可能参与糖尿病神经病变的发生.因此,12/15-脂加氧酶抑制剂或包含抑制剂的联合治疗可能为糖尿病微血管并发症的治疗提供新的研究方向.     

Strain-induced structural phase transition,electric polarization and unusual electric properties in photovoltaic materials CsMI3 (M = Pb,Sn)

The structural phase transition, ferroelectric polarization, and electric properties have been investigated for photovoltaic films CsMI₃ (M = Pb, Sn) epitaxially grown along (001) direction based on the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the phase diagrams of two epitaxial CsPbI₃ and CsSnI₃ films are almost identical, except critical transition strains varying slightly. The epitaxial tensile strains induce two ferroelectric phases Pmc2₁, and Pmn2₁, while the compressive strains drive two paraelectric phases P2₁2₁2₁, P2₁2₁2. The larger compressive strain enhances the ferroelectric instability in these two films, eventually rendering them another ferroelectric state Pc. Whether CsPbI₃ or CsSnI₃, the total polarization of Pmn2₁ phase comes from the main contribution of B-position cations (Pb or Sn), whereas, for Pmc2₁ phase, the main contributor is the I ion. Moreover, the epitaxial strain effects on antiferrodistortive vector, polarization and band gap of CsMI₃ (M = Pb, Sn) are further discussed. Unusual electronic properties under epitaxial strains are also revealed and interpreted.

The structural phase transition, ferroelectric polarization, and electric properties have been investigated for photovoltaic films CsMI₃ (M = Pb, Sn) epitaxially grown along (001) direction based on the density functional theory.     

Effects of the novel catalyst Ni–S2O82−–K2O/TiO2 on efficient lignin depolymerization

To improve the utilization of lignin, much effort has been devoted to lignin depolymerization with the aim to decrease waste and enhance profitability. Here, a dual property (acid and base) catalyst, namely S₂O₈²⁻–K₂O/TiO₂, was carefully researched. Upon loading S₂O₈²⁻ and K₂O onto TiO₂, acid and base sites emerged, and S₂O₈²⁻ and K₂O mutually enhanced the acid and base strengths of the catalyst enormously; this indeed facilitated lignin depolymerization. Under appropriate conditions, the yields of liquid product, petroleum ether soluble (PE-soluble) product and total monomer products were 83.76%, 50.4% and 28.96%, respectively. The constituents of the PE-soluble fraction, which are mainly monomers and dimers, can be used as liquid fuels or additives. In addition, after the catalyst was modified by Ni, better results were obtained. Surprisingly, it was found that the Ni enhanced not only the hydrogenation capacity but also the acidity. The highest high heating value (HHV) of the liquid product (33.6 MJ kg⁻¹) was obtained, and the yield of PE-soluble product increased from 50.4 to 56.4%. The product can be utilized as a fuel additive or be converted to bio-fuel. This catalysis system has significant potential in the conversion of lignin to bio-fuel.

To improve the utilization of lignin, much effort has been devoted to lignin depolymerization with the aim to decrease waste and enhance profitability.