Two new sesquiterpene lactones from leaves of yacon,Smallanthus sonchifolius

The chemical constituents of 95% EtOH extract of yacon leaves were separated to yield two new sesquiterpene lactones, together with three known compounds. The two new compounds were characterized to be 8β-angeloyloxy-13-methoxyl-11, 13-dihydromelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (1) and 8β-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl) oxy-13-methoxyl-11, 13-dihydromelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (2) on the basis of NMR spectra, HR-MS and other spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–5 were evaluated on human hepatoma cell Bel-7402 and all the compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity.     

Nephron injury induced by diagnostic ultrasound imaging at high mechanical index with gas body contrast agent

The right kidney of anesthetized rats was imaged with intermittent diagnostic ultrasound (1.5 MHz; 1-s trigger interval) under exposure conditions simulating those encountered in human perfusion imaging. The rats were infused intravenously with 10 microL/kg/min Definity (Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc., N. Billerica, MA, USA) while being exposed to mechanical index (MI) values of up to 1.5 for 1 min. Suprathreshold MI values ruptured glomerular capillaries, resulting in blood filling Bowman's space and proximal convoluted tubules of many nephrons. The re-establishment of a pressure gradient after hemostasis caused the uninjured portions of the glomerular capillaries to resume the production of urinary filtrate, which washed some or all of the erythrocytes out of Bowman's space and cleared blood cells from some nephrons into urine within six hours. However, many of the injured nephrons remained plugged with tightly packed red cell casts 24 h after imaging and also showed degeneration of tubular epithelium, indicative of acute tubular necrosis. The additional damage caused by the extravasated blood amplified that caused by the original cavitating gas body. Human nephrons are virtually identical to those of the rat and so it is probable that similar glomerular capillary rupture followed by transient blockage and/or epithelial degeneration will occur after clinical exposures using similar high MI intermittent imaging with gas body contrast agents. The detection of blood in postimaging urine samples using standard hematuria tests would confirm whether or not clinical protocols need to be developed to avoid this potential for iatrogenic injury.     

腹腔镜和开腹胆囊癌根治性切除术近期疗效及远期预后的比较

目的比较腹腔镜和开腹胆囊癌根治术的近期临床疗效及远期预后。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年12月于浙江省人民医院肝胆胰外科接受胆囊癌根治术的133例胆囊癌患者的临床及术后随访资料。其中80例完成腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术(腹腔镜组), 男性23例, 女性57例, 年龄[M(IQR)]66.0(12.8)岁(范围:28.0～82.0岁);53例完成开腹胆囊癌根治术(开腹组), 男性8例, 女性45例, 年龄63.0(6.0)岁(范围:45.0～80.0岁)。腹腔镜组与开腹组在年龄、性别、体重指数、术前白蛋白、术前总胆红素、N分期、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯及肿瘤分化的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05), 而术前CA19-9(Z=-2.955, P=0.003)、术前ALT水平(Z=-2.801, P=0.031)、T分期分布(χ2=19.110, P=0.007)的差异均有统计学意义。定量资料的比较采用非参数检验, 分类资料的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果两组患者在手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、阳性淋巴结数目、术中胆囊破裂, 术后胆瘘、腹腔出血、腹腔感染发生率, 术后30 ...     

情绪诱发在护理本科生心肺复苏技能教学中的应用

目的 探讨情绪诱发在护理本科生心肺复苏技能教学中的应用效果。 方法 将2018级35名和2019级31名护理本科生分别设为对照组和观察组。对照组在心肺复苏技能教学中采用教师演示、学生练习、教师指导的传统教学模式,观察组在传统教学模式的基础上融入不同主题的情绪诱发内容。 结果 课程结束后即刻、3个月和6个月观察组心肺复苏技能及心肺复苏施救自我效能得分显著优于对照组（均P＜0.05）,随着时间的推移心肺复苏技能得分无显著下降。 结论 情绪诱发融入式教学可有效提高护理本科生的学习投入度,从而提高学习效果,促进心肺复苏技能、心肺复苏施救自我效能的保留。     

DNA transfer and cell killing in epidermoid cells by diagnostic ultrasound activation of contrast agent gas bodies in vitro

DNA transfer by sonoporation and cell killing in monolayer cells were examined by contrast-aided low-power diagnostic ultrasound (US). Culture chambers with epidermoid cell monolayers were scanned at about 1 mm/s with a 1.5-MHz scan head aimed upward at the chamber in a 37 degrees C water bath. For DNA transfer tests, plasmids coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) were added to the medium, and GFP expression was assessed by flow cytometry after 2 days. In separate tests, cell killing was determined immediately after treatment. GFP-positive cell counts were 0.4% (0.7% SD) for shams and 3.7% (1.2% SD) of cells for exposure at 2.3 MPa with 2% Optison contrast agent. The fraction of dead cells was 3.4% (1.7% SD) in shams and 28.6% (6.3% SD) in exposed chambers. Both effects increased for increasing Optison concentration and increasing peak rarefactional pressure amplitude. Contrast-aided diagnostic US has a potential therapeutic application for gene transfer, but a trade-off appears to exist with cell killing.     

应用本顿视觉保持测验评估非医学指征剖宫产儿童的认知功能特征

目的:探讨非医学指征剖宫产儿童在本顿视觉保持测验中的视知觉、视觉记忆、视觉结构能力等认知特征,分析剖宫产对儿童神经心理的影响,为控制人为剖宫产率提供理论支持。方法:于2003-09/10整群选取广州市几所小学三、四年级儿童作为调查对象。共发放自编的“分娩情况和一般家庭情况”调查问卷727份,回收663份,根据回收问卷中分娩方式情况,筛查出非医学指征性剖宫产儿童63例,作为剖宫产组,选择与剖宫产组儿童年龄、性别、学校、班级及家庭一般情况无显著性差异的正常阴道分娩儿童156人作为对照组。应用国内修订版本顿视觉保持测验对两组儿童的视觉记忆保持能力、视觉结构能力和延迟记忆能力进行测试,该测验的测具包括无意义的图卡片C、D、E式各10张,分为4种测验方法,A法、B法为每一图卡片呈现10s或5s后让被试默画,C法为让被试临摹图卡片,D法为每一图卡片呈现10s后间隔15s再让被试默画,本测试采用C式B法,D式C法和E式D法,采用个别施测方式,分别记录两组儿童测验的正确分(每一图卡根据全或无的原则记1或0分,总分范围0～10之间)及错误次数(错误类型分为遗漏、变形、持续、旋转、位置错误和大小错误6个范畴),基本资料进行两组间的成组t检验。结果:所有调查对象全部进入结果分析,无脱落。本顿视觉保持测验结果显示剖宫产儿童在E式D法测验中的得分低于对照组(P<0.05);在D式C法中“位置”错误类型的出现次数多于对照组(P<0.05),在E式D法中“位置”和“变形”错误类型的出现次数较对照组明显偏高(P<0.05)。结论:剖宫产儿童的视觉空间结构能力及视觉延时回忆能力存在缺陷,视空间工作记忆、视觉结构与视觉统和功能不足。     

Association of sleep duration with chronic kidney disease and proteinuria in adults: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

International Urology and Nephrology - Previous studies have found that sleep duration may be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proteinuria in adults. However, the correlation...     

小腿假肢对线对静态站立时下肢受力的影响

目的:研究小腿截肢患者站立状态下假肢对线对下肢受力特性的影响.方法:以假肢侧承重线和重力线作为评价指标,改变假肢矢状面和额状面的对线,采用激光测力平台测量患者静态站立时残侧承重线和重力线的位置,研究下肢受力状况的变化.结果:假肢侧承重线受踝关节对线的影响大于腿管对线调节的影响,并且力线随腿管与接受腔的前倾而前移,而额状面对线的影响很小;矢状面内重力线主要受踝关节对线调节的影响,并且与变化角近似正比例相关.结论:矢状面假肢对线调整对残侧下肢受力状况的影响较大,而额状面的对线调整影响较小.     

吡拉西坦片溶出度测定方法研究

目的：建立吡拉西坦片溶出度测定方法。方法：采用浆法,以水为溶剂,转速为100 r/min,20 min 时取样。以高效液相色谱法,C18柱（4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm）为固定相,以甲醇-水（10：90）为流动相,测定吡拉西坦的溶出度,检测波长为210 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果：吡拉西坦在0.05-0.15 mg/mL 的浓度范围内,线性关系良好。线性方程为：A =1939.5C ＋374.45（r =0.9993）测定吡拉西坦平均回收率为99.5%（RSD =0.44%,n =12）。结论：增加吡拉西坦溶出度检查项极为必要。本方法操作简便,结果正确,为完善吡拉西坦片的质量标准提供有效手段。