CO_2气腹压力和持续时间对人结肠癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究CO2气腹压力和持续时间对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖的影响。方法：建立体外模拟CO2气腹环境,在全自动气腹机作用下,维持密闭真空压缩袋内不同压力（9、12、15 mmHg）,不同持续时间（1、2、4 h）作用于SW480细胞,作用后12 h,流式细胞仪观察细胞周期变化;作用后12、24、36、48、60和72 h,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果：流式细胞仪检测细胞周期结果显示,CO2气腹压力对于人结肠癌G0/G1期细胞数值有显著影响（P〈0.01）,对于S期、G2/M期细胞周期无影响。而不同CO2气腹持续作用时间对于各细胞周期无影响（P〉0.05）,CO2气腹压力与作用时间对于各细胞周期不存在交互作用（P〉0.05）;MTT法结果显示CO2气腹下各组人结肠癌SW480细胞在不同压力和持续时间作用后12～72 h检测的平均D（490）值均小于对照组。通过析因设计的方差分析,在CO2气腹作用后12、24、36、48、60和72 h,压力与作用时间对SW480细胞的增值无交互作用（P〉0.05）。压力在24、36 h对SW480细胞的增值有一过性抑制作用（P〈0.01）,在SW480细胞增殖初、后期都无影响（P〉0.05）;不同作用时间对SW480细胞的增值无影响（P〉0.01）。结论：CO2气腹不同压力对结肠癌细胞的增殖有一过性抑制作用,CO2气腹72 h内不同作用时间对结肠癌细胞的增殖未见明显影响。     

心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者术前焦虑的影响

目的探讨术前心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者术前焦虑水平的影响。方法选择2009年5月至2011年12月我院收治的拟行手术治疗的60例恶性肿瘤患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用常规健康教育,观察组采取有针对性的心理干预,通过焦虑自评量表(SAS)及血压、心率监测比较和分析两组患者心理干预前后的焦虑状态。结果心理干预前观察组与对照组SAS分值及血压和心率无明显差异,心理干预后观察组的SAS分值及血压和心率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论有针对性的心理干预可降低恶性肿瘤患者术前焦虑水平。     

C-myc与PCNA在肺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨C-myc和PCNA（增殖细胞核抗原）在肺癌和正常肺组织或肺大疱组织中的表达及其与肺癌发生发展的关系。方法：应用免疫组化方法测定50例原发性肺癌（鳞癌24例,腺癌19例,腺鳞癌4例,小细胞肺癌3例）和16例正常肺组织及肺大疱组织中C-myc及PCNA的表达。结果：50例原发性肺癌组织中C-myc、PCNA的阳性表达率分别为66%（33/50）、74%（37/50）,正常组织中两种抗体均无阳性表达,肺癌组织中C-myc和PCNA的阳性表达率明显高于对照组肺组织,C-myc在3例小细胞肺癌中无表达。结论：C-myc与PCNA在肺癌组织中的表达无相关性;C-myc和PCNA表达增加在肺癌早期即可发生,与肺癌分期无相关性,可能与肺癌的发生发展有关,对肺癌的早期诊断和分子靶向治疗有帮助。     

对哮喘病人实施程序式居家护理的研究

[目的]探讨程序式居家护理对哮喘病人疾病认知与自控能力的影响.[方法]选择123例住院哮喘病人,随机分为常规组和居家组,常规组给予常规社区护理,居家组给予程序式居家护理,共干预6个月.[结果]两组病人干预3个月、6个月后对疾病的认知及自控能力差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]程序式居家护理可以提高哮喘病人对疾病的认知及自控水平,控制症状的复发.     

The Effect of Long-Term Castration on the Neuronal and Physiological Responses to Acute or Repeated Restraint Stress: Interactions with Opioids and Prostaglandins

Sixty min supine restraint stress induced a marked, but transient, hypothermic response in intact male rats, which tended to recover towards pre-stress levels or slightly overshoot during the later stages of restraint. Castration reduced the initial hypothermia but increased overshoots. Baseline (pre-stress) core temperature was also higher in castrated than intact rats, but the reduction in stress-induced hypothermia was still present even when this difference had been taken into account. The hypothermic response was not altered during the course of 10 sessions of daily repeated restraint in either intact or castrated rats. Castration did not alter cardiac responses to restraint. Both intact and castrated rats showed marked tachycardia during the initial 12 min of restraint, followed by a gradual fall towards baseline values. Repeated restraint accentuated the second phase of the cardiac response, without modifying the initial tachycardia, in both intact and castrated animals. The response of blood corticosterone levels to the first period of restraint was unaltered by castration but the attenuation observed after 10 sessions of stress was more complete in castrated rats. The neuronal c-fos response 60 min after the last of the series of repeated restraints was less in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, medial amygdala, and locus coeruleus compared with that following the first session, but not in the lateral septum or the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Castration did not change the c-fos profile following the same number of restraint sessions. Castration depleted completely the vasopressinergic innervation in the lateral septum, diagonal band of Broca and medial amygdala. Five mg/kg naloxone i.p. prior to the onset of stress resulted in persistent hypothermic responses throughout the stress period in intact males. This was reduced in castrated rats. Blockade of prostaglandins synthesis by 12 mg/kg indornethacin i.p. 3 h prior to stress had little effect on hypothermic stress responses. The results of these experiments suggest that an androgen-dependent process, possibly AVP-containing systems in the forebrain, may regulate both baseline and stress-induced levels of core temperature and have selective effects on components of the response to stress, including restraint-induced hypothermia and the adaptation of corticoid responses to repeated restraint. Steroid-dependent opioid systems may also be implicated in the hypotherrnic response to restraint stress.     

Evaluating the prognosis and degree of brain injury by combined S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase determination

BACKGROUND: S-100 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) possess the characteristics of specific distribution in brain and relative stable content. Some studies suggest that combined detection of the both is of very importance for evaluating the degree of brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of S-100 protein and NSE levels at different time points after acute brain injury, and evaluate the values of combined detection of the both for different injury degrees, pathological changes and prognosis. DESIGN: Case-control observation. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four inpatients with brain injury, 19 males and 15 females, aged 15 to 73 years, who received treatment between September 2005 and May 2006 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, were recruited. The patients were admitted to hospital at 24 hours after brain injury. After admission, skull CT confirmed that they suffered from brain injury. Following Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission, the patients were assigned into 3 groups: severe group (GCS 3 to 8 points, n =15), moderate group (GCS 9 to 12 points, n =8) and mild group (GCS 13 to 15 points, n =11). Following Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 3 months after brain injury, the patients were assigned into good outcome group (GOS 4 to 5 points, good recovery and moderate disability included, n =19) and poor outcome group (GOS 1 to 3 points, severe disability, vegetative state and death, n =15). Ten subjects who received health examination concurrently were chosen as normal control group , including 6 males and 4 females , aged （45.4±14.3）years. In our laboratory, the normal level of NSE was ≤15.2 ng/L, and that of S100 was ≤ 0.105 μg/L. METHODS: ①Blood samples of control group were collected when the subjects received health examination. Blood samples of patients with brain injury were collected at 24 hours, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury. According to the instructions of NSE and S-100 kits purchased from Roche Company, serum NSE and S-100 levels were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). ②Analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparison, Spearman correlative analysis for comparison of different GCS and GOS, and linear regression analysis for comparison of correlation of two factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The dynamic changes of NSE and S-100 of patients with different brain injuries and their correlations with GCS. ② The dynamic changes of NSE and S-100 of patients with different outcomes and their correlations with GOS. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with brain injury and ten healthy persons were involved in the result analysis. ①Overall change rule of NSE and S100 after brain injury: NSE of patients with brain injury reached its peak at 24 hours after injury, then was gradually decreased with time and was below normal level in the 2nd week. The overall tendency of S-100 was the same as that of NSE in patients with brain injury. ② The dynamic changes of NSE and S100 of patients with different brain injuries and their correlations with GCS: NSE and S-100 levels at 24 hours after injury were significantly negatively correlated with those on admission （r = －0.537,－0.731, P < 0.05）. At 24 hours after injury, serum NSE and S-100 levels of patients with mild, moderate and severe brain injuries were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05); At 14 days after brain injury, serum NSE and S-100 levels of patients with mild and severe brain injury were close to those of control group (P > 0.05); While at 24 hours, 3, 7 and 14 days after brain injury, the serum NSE and S-100 levels of patients with severe brain injury were significantly higher than those of control group (all P < 0.05). NSE level of patients with mild brain injury was decreased to normal level at 7 days after injury and that of patients with moderate brain injury at 14 days after injury. S-100 level of patients with mild and moderate brain injury was decreased to normal level at 14 days after injury. Serum NSE and S-100 levels of patients with severe brain injury always kept over normal level and those of patients with mild brain injury reached peak value at 3 days after injury. ③ The dynamic changes of NSE and S-100 levels of patients with different outcomes and their correlations with GOS: serum NSE and S-100 levels at 24 hours after injury were significantly negatively correlated with GOS （r =－0.573,－0.756, P < 0.05）. It suggested that the severer the injury was, the lower the GOS was. At 24 hours, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury, serum NSE and S-100 levels of patients in good outcome group were significantly lower than those of poor outcome group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The injury degree and prognosis of patients with brain injury are correlated with serum NSE and S-100 levels. The detection of serum S-100 and NSE levels after injury can be used for evaluating injury and prognosis of brain injury     

川芎嗪对早期糖尿病肾病的治疗作用

①目的　观察川芎嗪对早期糖尿病肾病 (DN)的治疗作用。②方法　早期DN病人 62例随机分为川芎嗪治疗组和对照组 ,对照组行饮食控制及应用胰岛素或糖适平控制血糖 ,治疗组在上述治疗基础上加川芎嗪治疗 ,共 4周。观察两组治疗前后血糖、血常规、血生化、肝功能、肾小球滤过率 (GFR)、尿清蛋白排泄率 (UAER)、血和尿 β2 微球蛋白 ( β2 MG)的变化及治疗过程中出现的副作用。③结果　治疗后两组病人血糖、GFR、UAER、血和尿 β2 MG与治疗前比较明显改善 (t=2 .917～ 5 .12 6,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而治疗组GFR、UAER、血 β2 MG改善优于对照组(t=2 .10 5～ 2 .864 ,P <0 .0 5 )。川芎嗪治疗过程中对病人无明显的副作用。④结论　川芎嗪对早期糖尿病肾病病人有明显疗效 ,值得推广应用     

五子衍宗丸和金匮肾气丸促进小鼠生精能力恢复基因表达谱的研究

目的:对五子衍宗丸和金匮肾气丸促进无精子症模型小鼠生精能力恢复的睾丸全基因表达谱进行比较分析,获得2中药改善生精能力的差异表达基因。方法:白消安致小鼠无精子症模型灌胃给予五子衍宗丸(生药0.048g/日/只)和金匮肾气丸(生药0.04g/日/只)78天(2个生精周期),以正常动物为对照,通过基因芯片技术进行数据分析。结果:在检测的31722个基因中,给药小鼠与正常对照组比较,有32个共同上调的基因,12个共同下调的基因;五子衍宗丸组均表现为以基因下调为主,金匮肾气丸组均表现为以基因上调为主。利用KEGG进行Pathway分析五子衍宗丸和金匮肾气丸基因表达谱的数据,差异表达基因主要分布于脂肪细胞因子信号通路、细胞周期、MAPK信号通路、Wnt信号通路、Notch信号通路、Ecm受体作用、Jak-Stat信号通路、细胞因子-细胞因子受体作用等8个信号通路。结论:两种经典补肾中药均具有较强的、明确的促进生精功能恢复的作用,但对睾丸生精能力的恢复作用明显不同。五子衍宗丸可能通过刺激小鼠的免疫功能,促进生精能力的恢复,而金匮肾气丸通过影响细胞增殖相关的多个信号通路刺激生精细胞的再生。     

膜脂质结构变化对淋巴细胞跨膜膜电位的影响

本实验通过磷脂酰胆碱／胆固醇（ＰＣ／Ｃｈ）摩尔比不同的小单片层人工脂双层膜（ＳＵＶ）与淋巴细胞孵育，将外源性ＰＣ和Ｃｈ导入淋巴细胞，进而研究膜脂质结构改变对淋巴细胞跨膜膜电位及细胞功能的影响。结果显示：①ＣｏｎＡ刺激能诱导淋巴细胞超极化，用ＳＵＶｓ改变膜脂质结构可显著影响细胞跨膜膜电位，其中胞浆膜胆固醇含量是一重要决定因素；②２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ异博定阻断Ｃａ２＋通道后可消除ＳＵＶｓ处理ＣｏｎＡ诱导的超极化反应。③人工膜作用后淋巴细胞胞浆膜磷脂（ＰＬ）／Ｃｈ比降低，ＣｏｎＡ活化４８ｈ细胞增殖转化功能增强，Ｇ２＋Ｍ期细胞增多，但过多胆固醇则使细胞超极化反应和分裂能力降低。推测膜脂质组成及相关的生物物理特性可能在细胞跨膜信号传递、维持细胞正常功能等方面起重要作用     

假两性畸形的诊断和治疗

本文报告九例假两性畸形,其中女性假两性畸形5例,男性假两性畸形4例。对其分类、临床表现、发病机理以及治疗问题特别是性别畸形患者改变性别的问题进行扼要讨论。