Casticin prevents DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice through inhibitions of NF‐κB pathway and ROS signaling

Casticin, a compound purified from the Chinese herb Viticis Fructus, has been proven effective in preventing tumor progression in previous studies. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions of people worldwide, but no effective and safe drugs are available. In this study, we aimed to study how did casticin affect UC by evaluating its effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Our data suggested that casticin attenuated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and pathological damage in the colon of DSS‐treated mice. Casticin decreased reactive oxygen species level and chemocytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) productions in colon tissue. The decreased reactive oxygen species level and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines productions were also confirmed in casticin‐treated LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells and hydrogen peroxide‐treated CACO‐2 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, casticin treatment prevented the profound activation of AKT signaling caused by DSS administration. And casticin inhibited the productions of proinflammatory chemocytokines through downregulating AKT/NF‐κB pathway in macrophages. Meanwhile, data revealed that casticin increased expressions of endogenous antioxidants peroxiredoxin 3 and MnSOD were through activation in FOXO3α signaling by downregulating AKT signaling in colon epithelium cells. Our findings demonstrated that casticin alleviated DSS‐induced UC by increasing the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 3 and MnSOD expressions, and decreasing the production of proinflammatory chemocytokines through inhibition of AKT signaling.     

儿童肾癌的临床及CT和病理特点分析

目的 探讨儿童肾癌的临床、CT及病理特点,积累其临床诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2014年至2016年单中心收治的7例儿童肾癌患儿的临床、CT、病理资料,并随访其生存情况.就诊时年龄5～12岁,女4例,男3例,左侧5例,右侧2例.临床表现多为血尿(4/7)、腹部包块(3/7)、腰痛(1/7).CT平扫肿瘤呈低密度,多位于上下极,可见钙化(6/7)及坏死区,增强特点多为“快进快出”(4/7),部分为“快进慢出”(2/7).结果 7例患儿全部获得随访,随访时间8～35个月.1例肿瘤位于左腹膜后,确诊时已发生腹膜后及颈部淋巴结转移,行肿瘤部分切除活检,术后5个月死亡.1例为复发性肾癌,行肾窝肿瘤切除加腹膜后淋巴结清扫,术后5个月出现淋巴结转移,予放化疗后带瘤生存.余5例患儿均行根治性肾切除加淋巴结清扫,术后均无瘤生存.病理多为肾透明细胞(5/7)及乳头状肾细胞癌(2/7),癌细胞呈巢团状、乳头状、腺管样结构分布,可见砂粒体(6/7),核级多为3～4级.4例患儿淋巴结转移,共清扫出60枚淋巴结,淋巴结阳性率为16.7％.5例加做免疫组化,TFE3 (4/5)、CD10 (5/5)、Kb67 (4/5)、E-cardherin (4/5)、Vinentin (3/5)、CK(3/5)阳性率较高,4例确诊为MiT家族异位性肾癌.结论 儿童肾癌多发生于年长患儿,有其特有的临床、CT及病理特点,MiT家族异位性肾癌常见,病理及免疫组化是确诊和分型的主要手段.     

孕母甲状腺功能异常对子代的影响

妊娠期母体甲状腺激素会发生一系列变化,而子代的生长发育,尤其是甲状腺的发育,对母体甲状腺功能状态有很大的依赖性.孕母甲状腺功能异常若未及时发现和控制,会引起子代各种严重的不良后果,包括流产、早产、死胎、死产、先天性畸形、甲状腺功能亢进症或甲状腺功能减退症、神经系统发育落后等,甚至影响子代远期的生长发育,因此应及早检出并控制孕妇及子代的甲状腺功能异常,以提高子代存活率及生活质量.     

多焦点人工晶状体的临床应用研究

目的　探讨多焦点人工晶状体 (MIOL)在白内障治疗中的作用。方法　在小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术中 ,30例 (36只眼 )白内障患者植入MIOL(试验组 ) ,32例 (40只眼 )白内障患者植入单焦点人工晶状体 (SIOL) (对照组 )。观察患者的术后视力、焦距深度、角膜散光度数、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度、手术并发症及视觉不良症状 ,随访时间 6 0～ 18 0个月。结果　术后 6个月裸眼近视力≥ 0 5者试验组占 80 6 % (2 9/36 ) ,对照组占 2 5 0 % (10 /4 0 ) ,两组比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;矫正近视力和远视力、裸眼远视力两组比较 ,差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。在 1 0 0～ - 1 0 0D调节范围内 ,视力≥ 0 5者试验组占 97 2 % (35 /36 ) ,对照组占 97 5 % (39/4 0 ) ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在 - 1 5 0D和 - 2 5 0～ - 3 5 0D调节范围内 ,视力≥ 0 5者试验组 [97 2 % (35 /36 )、88 9% (32 /36 ) ]明显多于对照组 [0 0 % (0 /4 0 )、0 0 % (0 /4 0 ) ](P <0 0 5 )。在视力≥ 0 5的术眼中 ,焦距深度试验组为4 5 0D ,对照组为 2 0 0D。术后 1周、1个月、3个月、6个月两组角膜散光度数与术前比较 ,差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。低频段对比敏感度和眩光敏感度试验组 (2 8 4 9± 6 4 5和     

Hepatitis D: advances and challenges

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although discovered > 40 years ago, little attention has been paid to this pathogen from both scientific and public communities. However, effectively combating hepatitis D requires advanced scientific knowledge and joint efforts from multi-stakeholders. In this review, we emphasized the recent advances in HDV virology, epid...     

抗敏止痒乳膏的制备与临床应用

目的:研制一种非激素的外用乳膏,用于治疗瘙痒性皮肤病。方法:建立该乳膏的质量控制方法,采用单盲法自身对照和双盲法随机分组进行对照试验,观测指标。结果:制备工艺简便,质量可靠,临床应用总有效率90％以上。结论:该乳膏制备工艺可行,治疗瘙痒性皮肤病临床效果满意。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对正常和异丙基肾上腺素损伤培养乳鼠心肌细胞的影响

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge—132)能促进培养乳鼠心肌细胞DNA和RNA的合成,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,维持细胞膜结构的稳定。异丙基肾上腺素可使心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放增加,细胞搏动停止,超微结构显示肌膜和线粒体严重受损。Ge—132可显著减少异两基肾上腺素引起心肌细胞释放LDH,维持细胞的搏动功能和超微结构的完整。     

Biochemical Modulation of Aracytidine (Ara-C) Effects by GTI-2040, a Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor, in K562 Human Leukemia Cells

GTI-2040 is a potent antisense to the M2 subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates. We hypothesized that combination of GTI-2040 with the cytarabine (Ara-C) could result in an enhanced cytotoxic effect with perturbed intracellular deoxynucleotide/nucleotide (dNTP/NTP) pools including Ara-C triphosphate (Ara-CTP). This study aims to provide a direct experimental support of this hypothesis by monitoring the biochemical modulation effects, intracellular levels of Ara-CTP, dNTPs/NTPs following the combination treatment of Ara-C, and GTI-2040 in K562 human leukemia cells. GTI-2040 was introduced into cells via electroporation. A hybridization-ligation ELISA was used to quantify intracellular GTI-2040 concentrations. Real-time PCR and Western blot methods were used to measure the RNR M2 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity following various drug treatments. A non-radioactive HPLC-UV method was used for measuring the intracellular Ara-CTP, while a LC-MS/MS method was used to quantify intracellular dNTP/NTP pools. GTI-2040 was found to downregulate M2 mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner and showed significant decrease in dNTP but not NTP pool. When combining GTI-2040 with Ara-C, a synergistic cytotoxicity was observed with no further change in dNTP/NTP pools. Importantly, pretreatment of K562 cells with GTI-2040 was found to increase Ara-CTP level for the first time, and this effect may be due to inhibition of RNR by GTI-2040. This finding provides a laboratory justification for the current phase I/II evaluation of GTI-2040 in combination with Ara-C in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.     

Fertility regulating agents from traditional Chinese medicines

Chinese scientists have capitalized on the rich flora and the ethnomedical experience in China, in their pursuit of fertility regulating agents from natural products. Discoveries range from anti-implantation agents to abortifacient and pregnancy-terminating compounds, as well as a male contraceptive. Chemistry and bioactivity of these compounds and materials are reviewed in this paper, with the hope that further research and collaboration will take place to help solve the problem of population explosion.     

Risk factors of wound infection after lung transplantation: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveThe incidence of incision infection after lung transplantation is prominently high which affect the prognosis. Summarizing the risk factors related to incision infection after lung transplantation contribute to the control of incision infection by pre-controlling the risk factors. The objective is to summarize risk factors related to wound infection after lung transplantation.MethodsPubMed was used to research the literature relating to the risk factors to incision infection after lung transplantation through 1990 to 2022. The retrieval strategy were Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms combined entry terms. Two researchers conducted the literature retrieval independently. Two researchers independently evaluate the quality of the literature and summarize the indicators.Key Content and FindingsA total of 98 researches were collected from PubMed and 8 articles described the related risk factors of incision infection after lung transplantation. All of the 8 articles were retrospective studies, of which 4 articles were grouped by the delayed chest closure (DCC) execution and the other 4 articles were grouped by the surgical site infection (SSI) occurred. Two articles performed multivariate regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of SSI after lung transplantation and the other 6 articles compared the SSI rate in different patients population. The integrated results showed that bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.ConclusionsBALs, smoking status, BMI, diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.