常规无创指标对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张的诊断价值

目的 探讨一些常规无创指标对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张(EV)的诊断价值。方法 选取我院消化内科2015年8月～2019年9月住院行电子胃镜检查的肝硬化患者221例为研究对象,根据电子胃镜检查结果分为无/轻EV组(n=83)与中/重EV组(n=138)。收集患者血常规、肝功能、凝血功能、彩超等检查结果,探讨其对肝硬化患者EV的诊断价值。结果 单因素分析显示,两组患者门静脉主干内径、PLT、AST、ALB、PT、PTA、APRI评分、腹水差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,门静脉主干内径（OR=2.007,P＜0.001）、ALB（OR=0.931,P=0.01）、APRI评分（OR=2.189,P＜0.001）为有统计学意义的指标。ROC曲线结果显示,门静脉主干内径、APRI评分、ALB的AUC分别为0.789、0.797、0.346,绘制门静脉主干内径+APRI评分的ROC曲线显示AUC为0.874。结论 门静脉主干内径联合APRI评分对肝硬化中/重度EV有较高的诊断价值,对病毒性肝炎肝硬化所致的中/重度EV诊断价值可能更好。     

姜黄素通过NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β轴对低氧性肺动脉高压的干预作用

目的：探讨姜黄素对低氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）的作用及其机制。方法：同时研究肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）和SD大鼠肺组织,PASMCs和SD大鼠都设置为常氧组（N）、低氧组（H）、低氧+姜黄素组（HC）3组。CCK-8法测3组PASMCs细胞活力,Western blot法检测3组PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Caspase-1及IL-1β蛋白表达差异。血流动力学检测3组大鼠的平均肺动脉压（mPAP）及右心肥大程度,HE染色观察3组大鼠肺血管重塑程度。结果：与N组比,H组PASMCs的数量有明显增加（P＜0.05）,H组PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均上升（均P＜0.05）,H组大鼠的mPAP及右心肥大指数明显升高（均P＜0.05）,发生明显肺血管重塑;与H组比,HC组PASMCs的数量明显降低（P＜0.05）,PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Cas-pase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均下降（均P＜0.05）,HC组大鼠的mPAP及右心肥大指数明显降低（均P＜0.05）,肺血管重塑改善。结论：姜黄素可能通过抑制NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β轴,改善低氧PASMCs异常增殖、HPH大鼠肺血管重塑和右心肥大,降低肺动脉压力。     

SLC1A1基因多态性与中国汉族人群强迫症的相关性

目的：探讨谷氨酸转运体基因（SLC1A1）与中国汉族人群强迫症（OCD）的关系。方法：采用病例对照研究,以125例患者（OCD组）和125例正常人（对照组）作为研究对象,检测SLC1A1基因的3个位点（rs301430、rs301434、rs301979）,分析这些位点等位基因、基因型分布,以及单倍体与OCD之间的关系。结果：3个位点的等位基因和基因型频率分布在OCD组和对照组中的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。经性别分层分析,相较于对照组,女性患者rs301979位点等位基因和基因型频率分布与对照组差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.875,P=0.019;χ2=7.331,P=0.007）,而男性患者中所有位点的等位基因和基因型频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三位点单倍体T-A-G在2组中的差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.206,P=0.013）。结论：SLC1A1基因rs301979位点可能是女性OCD的易感基因位点,rs301430、rs301434、rs301979的单倍体T-A-G可能与中国汉族人群OCD发病相关。     

吸入粉雾剂工程颗粒技术研究

对于吸入粉雾剂来说,由于活性药物成分（API）较小的粒径和较高的表面能,导致微粉易于团聚,难以分散。微粒间的内聚力和微粒与乳糖间的粘附力导致粉雾剂产品较低的微细粒子比例（FPF）。通过工程颗粒可以改善API微粒的物化性质,进而显著提高DPI产品的递送效率。概述通过工程颗粒的制备API微粉的方法,包括反溶剂结晶、湿法粉碎/研磨、喷雾/冷冻干燥、超临界流体等方法,可以显著提高粉雾剂的雾化性能。     

Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid prevents cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury

Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid has protective effects against ischemia and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, rats were given scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid intragastrically at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per day for 7 days before focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established using the suture method. We then determined the protective effects of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavon- oid pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results showed that neurological deficit scores increased, infarct volumes enlarged, apoptosis increased and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression were upregulated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at any dose lowered the neurological deficit scores, reduced the infarct volume, prevented apoptosis in hippocampal cells, attenuated neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage and upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression but inhibited Bax protein expression. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were the most efficacious. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with scutel- laria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at 100 and 200 mg/kg can improve the neurological func- tions and have preventive and protective roles after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Polarity-dependent effect of low-frequency stimulation on amygdaloid kindling in rats

BackgroundLow-frequency stimulation (LFS, <5 Hz) has been proposed as an alternative option for the treatment of epilepsy. The stimulation pole, anode and cathode, may make different contributions to the anti-epileptic effect of LFS.ObjectiveTo determine whether electrode polarity influences the anti-epileptic effect of LFS at the kindling focus in amygdaloid kindling rats.MethodsThe effect of bipolar and monopolar (or unipolar) LFS at the amygdala in different polarity directions on amygdaloid kindling acquisition, kindled seizures and electroencephalogram (EEG) were tested.ResultsBipolar LFS in the same direction of polarity as the kindling stimulation but not in the reverse direction retarded kindling acquisition. Anodal rather than cathodal monopolar LFS attenuated kindling acquisition and kindled seizures. Bipolar LFS showed a stronger anti-epileptic effect than monopolar LFS. Furthermore, anodal LFS (both bipolar and monopolar) decreased, while cathodal LFS increased the power of the EEG from the amygdala; the main changes in power were in the delta (0.5–4 Hz) band, which was specifically increased during kindling acquisition.ConclusionsOur results provide the first evidence that the effect of LFS at the kindling focus on amygdaloid kindling in rats is polarity-dependent, and this may be due to the different effects of anodal and cathodal LFS on the activity in the amygdala, especially on the delta band activity. So, It is likely that the electrode polarity, especially that for anodal current, is a key factor affecting the clinical effects of LFS on epilepsy.     

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of Moerella iridescens Benson, 1842

Moerella iridescens (Benson) is an economically important small-sized edible marine clam from the Changjiang River delta region of China. In this study, 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in a wild population from the Cixi mud flats. The number of alleles varied between two and six, and the observed and expected heterozygosity at the population level ranged from 0.2000 to 0.8095 and 0.3243 to 0.5106, respectively. No single locus significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.01). All of the polymorphic markers would be useful for future genome mapping, genetic diversity and population assessment studies in M. iridescens.     

IL4 and IL-17A provide a Th2/Th17-polarized inflammatory milieu in favor of TGF-β1 to induce bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)

Severe asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by the Th2/Th17-polarized inflammation along with permanent airway remodeling. Despite past extensive studies, the exact role for Th2 and Th17 cytokines in asthmatic pathoetiology, particularly in the pathogenesis of bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is yet to be fully addressed. We herein conducted studies in 16-HBE cells and demonstrated that Th2-derived IL-4 and Th17-derived IL-17A provide a chronic inflammatory milieu that favors TGF-β₁ to induce bronchial EMT. A synergic action was noted between TGF-β₁, IL-4 and IL-17A in terms of induction of EMT. IL-4 and IL-17A synergized with TGF-β₁ to induce epithelial cells re-entering cell cycle, and to promote epithelial to mesenchymal morphological transistion, and by which they enhanced the capacity of TGF-β₁ to suppress E-cadherin expression, and to induce a-SMA expression in epithelial cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that this synergic action is coordinated by the regulation of ERK1/2 activity. Our results not only provide a novel insight into the understanding of the mechanisms underlying airway remodeling in asthmatic condition, but also have the potential for developing more effective therapeutic strategies against severe asthmatics in clinical settings.     

饮水型氟中毒动物模型建立及硬组织形态学改变的研究

目的建立慢性饮水型氟中毒动物模型并观察其硬组织形态学改变。方法 48只Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,建立氟中毒动物模型。染氟组分别饮用含氟化钠浓度为50、100、150 mg/L的自来水,对照组饮用常规自来水。8周后取大鼠切牙及股骨,通过组织HE染色方法观察各组大鼠切牙成釉细胞和大鼠骨组织形态学改变,采用氟离子选择电极测定各组大鼠血氟、牙氟及骨氟浓度。结果实验组大鼠切牙出现不同的氟牙症表现。各染氟组大鼠血氟(F=11.234,P<0.05),牙氟(F=275.148,P<0.05),骨氟(F=217.337,P<0.05)含量显著高于对照组,且随浓度增加而增加,各组间均具有显著差异。HE染色发现实验组大鼠切牙成釉细胞排列不规则呈多层,高柱状细胞结构变矮或消失,少量细胞发生扭曲,且随氟浓度增加以上病理学改变加重。大鼠股骨HE染色发现实验组骨组织出现骨小梁增多,排列致密等骨硬化性表现,骨骺板增厚,增殖层软骨细胞排列紊乱,随浓度的增加以上病理学改变加重。结论长时间饮用高浓度含氟水可引起慢性氟中毒,硬组织出现氟斑牙和氟骨症的病理学改变。