三氧化二砷诱导肺癌细胞凋亡及对细胞周期的影响

目的 :探讨三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )对人肺癌细胞株 (Spc- A1)诱导凋亡的机制 ,为抗肿瘤药物的筛选和用药方式提供理论依据。方法 :体外培养 Spc- A1细胞株与不同浓度的 As2 O3 进行作用 ,应用 MTT比色法、流式细胞仪技术、电子显微镜技术观察细胞增殖率、细胞周期率、细胞凋亡率及亚细胞水平变化。结果 :As2 O3 能够抑制 Spc- A1细胞的增殖 ,且呈时间剂量依赖性 ,Spc- A1细胞凋亡率与药物浓度和时间呈依赖关系。电镜观察细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡 ,染色质浓缩、核碎裂。结论 :As2 O3 可诱导 Spc- A1细胞凋亡 ,细胞周期延长 ,线粒体变性。     

间质胶原酶在实验性肺高压氧血管重建中表达的动态改变

目的 探讨间质胶原酶基因表达在肺动脉高压肺血管重建中的作用。方法 利用野百合碱（monocrotaline,MCT)诱导的大鼠肺高压动物模型,经导管介入测定大鼠肺动脉平均压力,逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测不同时间点大鼠肺组织间质胶原酶mRNA相对表达水平。结果 实验第三周肺动脉平均压力已明显升高,以第四周为最高,而大鼠肺组织间质胶原酶mRNA表达水平以实验第二周最为明显,第三、四周表达水平下调,但仍高于对照组。结论 MMP－1基因表达异常参与了肺高压肺血管重建过程,其早期基因过度表达有助于细胞外基质屏障的降解,对肺血管重建可能起了触发作用。     

血浆内皮素和心钠素与维持性血液透析患者高血压关系的研究

目的：探讨血浆瓦皮素（ET）和心钠素（ANP）在维持性血液透析患者高血压中的作用。方法：尿毒症患者分为维持性血液透析不使用促红细胞生成素（EPO）组、维持性血液透析使用EPO组及尿毒辣症非透析组,以上3组各自分为高血压组和高血压正常组,另设健康对照组。应用放射免疫法检测血浆ET－1和ANP水平。结果：所有尿毒症患者血浆ET－1和ANP水平均高于健康对照组,维持血液透析使用EPO组血浆ET－1和ANP水平高于维持特性血液透不使用EPO组（P＜0．05）;各组中高血压亚组的血压ET－1水平及ET－1／ANP比值均高于其相应的患者的高血压同 浆ET－1水平井高升以及ET－1和ANP比值的增大有密切关系。     

Deregulated microRNA-22-3p in patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury serves as a new biomarker to predict disease occurrence and 28-day survival outcomes

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis. MicroRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) has been found to be involved in septic AKI progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze both the serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p in septic AKI patients, and evaluated the clinical value of miR-22-3p in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis-induced AKI.

Methods

Serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p was examined using qRT-PCR. The risk factors related with septic AKI onset were assessed using logistic analysis. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of miR-22-3p, and the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive value of miR-22-3p for the 28-day survival of septic AKI patients.

Results

Both serum and urinary miR-22-3p expression was decreased and negatively correlated with kidney injury biomarkers in septic AKI patients. MiR-22-3p expression was a risk factor for AKI onset and had diagnostic accuracy in septic AKI patients. The expression of both serum and urinary miR-22-3p was lower in patients who died, and served as a prognostic biomarker to predict 28-day survival in septic AKI patients.

Conclusion

Serum and urinary miR-22-3p was reduced in sepsis-induced AKI patients, and served as a biomarker to predict AKI occurrence and 28-day survival in sepsis patients.

     

Clinicopathological patterns of bladder carcinoma over 1 year: experience from University Hospital of Nepal

Purpose

To define the clinical and pathological patterns of urinary bladder carcinoma from the University Hospital of Nepal.

Methods

This is a retrospective analytical study. Patients with bladder mass who underwent surgery over 1 year and who had data record were included in the study. Demographic profile, type of surgery, findings on clinical examination, cystoscopy findings, histopathological report, tumor stage, and post-surgery adjuvant therapy were analyzed.

Results

Out of 86 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, 77 patients had biopsy-proven malignant bladder tumor. Urothelial cancer was present in 96.1%. Male were 78.6%. The mean age of diagnosis was 65.5?±?11.8 years. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) was 3.7 times more common than muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). High-grade tumors (58.6%) were more common than low grade (41.4%). The detrusor muscle was present inthe biopsy specimen of 48 patients (64%). Re-TURBT within 2–6 weeks was considered based on histopathology reports for about half of the patients (45.3%). Upstaging and upgrading of the tumor was present in 5.8 and 5.8% of the patients, respectively. Residual tumor without upstaging and upgrading was present in 23.5%. One patient (1.3%) had Clavien–Dindo grade 1, three (4%) patients had grade 2 and two patients (2.7%) had grade 3b.

Conclusion

In the present study, patients with bladder cancer are younger than reported in other studies. Smokers are strongly predisposed. The histological pattern is similar to the Western and Asian populations. NMIBC and MIBC occur in proportion to that described as in other studies. We had a lower rate of recurrence, upstaging and upgrading. We had a lesser rate of acceptance for radical cystectomy in our patients.

     

龙虎交战针法治疗缺血性脑卒中临床研究

目的：观察龙虎交战针法治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效及其对血清miR-431 和miR-1247 的影 响。方法：选取2020 年5 月—2022 年1 月就诊的缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证患者98 例为研究对象,随机分为 2 组各49 例。对照组给予脑心通胶囊,观察组在对照组治疗方案的基础上采用龙虎交战针刺法治疗,2 组均治 疗4 周。比较2 组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS） 评分、Fugal-Meyer 运动功能评估量表（FMA） 评 分、Barthel 指数（BI）评分及临床疗效。比较2 组炎症指标［白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿 瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）］、免疫功能（T 淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+）、血清miR-431、血清miR-1247 等指标。采用Pearson 相关分析miR-431、miR-1247 与炎症、免疫指标的关系,多因素Logistic 回归和ROC 曲线分析miR-431、miR-1247 对卒中复发的影响。结果：治疗后,2 组NIHSS 评分均低于治疗前,FMA 评 分、BI 评分均高于治疗前,且观察组NIHSS 评分低于对照组,FMA、BI 评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意 义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,2 组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 均低于治疗前,且观察组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 水平均低 于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2 组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ T 细胞水平均高于治疗前,且观察组 CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T 细胞水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,2 组miR-431、miR- 1247 水平均低于治疗前,且观察组miR-431、miR-1247 水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。血清miR-431、miR-1247 水平与CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ T 淋巴细胞水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与IL-1β、 IL-6、TNF-α 水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）。miR-431、miR-1247 是脑卒中复发的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,二者 联合预测脑卒中复发的AUC 为0.942。结论：龙虎交战针法能改善缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证患者运动功能和生 活质量,减轻炎症反应,提高免疫功能,降低血清miR-431、miR-1247 水平,上述miRNA 是卒中复发的独立 危险因素,具有较高的临床预测价值。     

腰椎过伸位MRI在腰椎管狭窄诊断中的临床应用

目的：通过腰椎过伸位MRI检查,研究腰椎过伸位下椎管狭窄程度的变化,评估腰椎过伸位MRI扫描对腰椎管狭窄的诊断价值。方法：2018年9月至2020年2月,纳入26例腰椎管狭窄进行腰椎中立位和过伸位MRI扫描,男11例,女15例;年龄43~85（64.00±10.37）岁。由于6例患者在过伸位下诱发并加重了腰腿痛症状,无法采集到合格的MRI数据,最终完成检查共采集到20例患者的合格数据,采用Mimics 21.0医学图像处理软件测量腰椎管狭窄的相关诊断参数,统计分析其变化规律,评价过伸位下腰椎管的狭窄程度和神经受压情况。结果：腰椎管矢径及横截面积不随体位发生明显变化;硬膜囊矢径、盘黄间隙在过伸位时均有不同程度变小。结论：对于腰椎管狭窄的影像学诊断,腰椎过伸位MRI扫描可较好地补充常规中立位MRI检查,对腰椎管狭窄程度的临床诊断更具敏感性。     

基于FNAB的分子检测技术在甲状腺结节诊断中的研究进展

随着各种检测技术的相继问世,甲状腺结节的检出率明显上升。尽管大多数甲状腺结节是良性的,但良恶性病变之间的判定仍然是临床医生面临的挑战。对于所有可疑甲状腺结节患者均应进行颈部超声检查。甲状腺超声可评估结节特征,某些甲状腺结节具有可疑恶性超声征象。然而,这些特征缺乏准确性,无法明确诊断结节的良恶性。目前的指南仍然推荐超声引导细针穿刺活检（FNAB）作为评估甲状腺结节良恶性的首选检查。FNAB是一种经济高效的诊断方法,由于其创伤小,敏感性和特异性较高,可用于术前评估甲状腺结节的性质,已成为临床不可或缺的检查手段之一。近年来国内关于FNAB的报道日益增多,国内外指南关于FNAB指征尚有争议,同时由于其自身存在一定的局限性,FNAB技术的全面实施需要严格把握指征及准确判读穿刺病理结果。FNAB虽然是术前评估甲状腺结节最常用的诊断技术,但仍有灰区结节需要进一步诊断研究。为了制定合理的手术方案及判断预后,指南推荐术前可测定促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。FNAB作为一个简单且相对无创的技术,但也可产生相应的并发症,FNAB的并发症主要与甲状腺结节的位置、穿刺针的直径、穿刺医师的操作经验等因素相关,严重程度较轻,多呈自限性。对于FNAB无法诊断或意义不明确的非典型病变或滤泡性病变,学者们一直在努力寻找一种新的方法来精确地诊断甲状腺癌。分子生物学方法是目前的最佳选择。分子生物学方法通过检测特定甲状腺肿瘤易感基因的驱动突变来确认甲状腺肿瘤活检的恶性程度,如BRAF和RAS癌基因突变、RET/PTC重排和TERT突变检测,从而提高术前诊断效率。甲状腺乳头状癌最常见的转移部位是局部淋巴结,虽然FNAB对异常淋巴结有诊断价值,但小或囊性淋巴结可能由于缺乏肿瘤细胞而无法诊断。检测可疑颈部淋巴结细针穿刺活检冲洗液中甲状腺球蛋白含量可作为细胞学诊断的辅助手段。笔者认为FNAB联合分子生物学的多层次诊断体系可提高术前诊断的精准性,对指导治疗、判断预后具有重要价值。