Distinctive gene expression profiles by cDNA microarrays in endometrioid and serous carcinomas of the endometrium.

Endometrial carcinomas are classified by their morphology into two major subtypes. Endometrioid carcinomas (type I) are generally estrogen dependent, well-differentiated, superficially invasive, and have a good outcome. Serous carcinomas (type II) are hormone independent, frequently deeply invasive and widely metastatic, and have a poor prognosis. Microarray technology and analysis allows us to determine if the global gene expression profiles of these two subtypes correlate with their morphologic phenotype. Fresh tissue from 18 endometrial carcinomas was studied: 7 well-, 2 moderately, and one poorly differentiated endometrioid, 4 serous carcinomas, and 4 high-grade mixed endometrioid-serous carcinomas. Labeled cDNA probes were synthesized (Cy5 for tumor, Cy3 for reference) and applied to microarrays containing 18,098 cDNA clones or ESTs. A pool of equal amounts of total RNA from each tumor served as the reference RNA. By unsupervised cluster analysis, the endometrioid carcinomas clustered together and were separate from the serous carcinomas. The high-grade mixed carcinomas clustered with the serous carcinomas. Using a statistical algorithm based on gene expression pattern and conducting a supervised analysis of the two defined groups, we have identified 315 genes that statistically differentiate type I from type II endometrial carcinomas. In addition to corroborating the predicted overexpression of known markers (e.g., ras and catenin in endometrioid carcinomas), the cDNA microarray technique has revealed novel alterations in gene expression relevant to cell cycle, cell adhesion, signal transduction, apoptosis, and tumor progression not previously implicated in endometrial carcinomas. For serous carcinomas, these include aldolase, desmoplakin, integrin-linked kinase, PKC, and metallopeptidase. In conclusion, the gene expression profiles of type I and type II endometrial carcinomas are different. Refinement of these profiles will permit more accurate diagnostic tumor classification and the development of prognosis assays.     

923份住院病历抗菌药使用情况调查分析

目的：调查住院患者抗菌药使用情况，提高临床合理使用抗菌药水平。方法：抽取深圳市属某综合医院2004年4月1、4、7、10、13、16、19、22、25、28日共10d34个临床科室的所有出院病历923份，对其抗菌药使用情况进行统计分析。结果：75．1％的患者(693／923)使用了一共86种抗菌药(其中头孢菌素类27种)，其中514例患者使用了2种以上的抗菌药，34例患者使用了6种以上的抗菌药，最多者使用了17种抗菌药。手术科室抗菌药使用率和联合用药率均明显高于非手术科室。仅87例进行了微生物学检查和药敏实验。没有一例进行血药浓度监测。结论：抗菌药使用广泛，比例偏高；多凭经验用药，缺少药敏实验依据。用药方案不尽合理，存在滥用现象。     

萘普生栓治疗产后宫缩痛临床观察

目的了解萘普生栓(NaproxenSuppositories)治疗产后宫缩痛的效果。方法对285例产后宫缩痛的产妇随机分成两组,实验组用萘普生一枚(0﹒25g)塞入肛门内2cm。对照组口服去痛片2片,记录疼痛开始减轻时间,镇痛效果、镇痛持续时间。结果①用药后15分钟疼痛开始减轻者:实验组80例,占55.17﹪;对照组0例。②疼痛缓解者:实验组108例,占74.5﹪。对照组60例,占42.8﹪。③镇痛时间超过8小时者:实验组110例,占79.1﹪。对照组20例,占16.7﹪。结论萘普生栓治疗产后宫缩痛高效、快速、持久。     

手术治疗中晚期胃癌126例报告

目的研究分析胃癌围手术期处理及并发症预防。方法本组126例,男84例,女42例,年龄34岁￣79岁,平均64岁,术前行特殊准备,纠正贫血、低蛋白血症,进行CRIS分级及FEV1测定。选择时机行胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗。结果临床治愈123人,死亡3人,并发症:切口感染8例,切口裂开6例,心肌梗死1例,十二指肠残端瘘1例,吻合口瘘2例,肺炎1例,并发症发生率15.0(%19/126)。结论①术前充分纠正贫血、低蛋白血症、水电解质紊乱,对心肺疾病者行CRIS分级评定和FEV1测定是保证手术成功的要点。②手术原则上行根治性切除,减少瘤负荷,以Roux-en-Y术式为佳。③术后输入端充分减压,输出端适时肠内营养,并严格心肺功能监测,合理应用抗生素,可望降低死亡率。     

单纯性肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能变化

目的 了解单纯性肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗及胰岛G细胞功能。方法 对单纯性肥胖和正常对照儿童进行口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）和胰岛素释放试验，测定其血糖和胰岛素水平。采用稳态模型评估法（HOMA）计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR），胰岛素敏感指数（HOMA-IAI），胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA-IS），服葡萄糖后30min胰岛素增值与血糖增值的比值（△Ⅰ30／△G30）、胰岛素曲线下面积（INSAUC）。结果 HOMA-IR≥2．8者24例（38．7％），为胰岛素抵抗。肥胖组空腹血糖（FPG）、HOMA-IS与对照组比较无统计学差异。两组餐后2h血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后2h胰岛素。HOMA-IR、HOMA-IAI、△Ⅰ30／△G30、INSAUC均有统计学差异。结论 单纯肥胖儿童不仅有胰岛素抵抗，同时存在餐后胰岛G细胞分泌功能异常。     

Immune responses against SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induced by DNA vaccine

The nucleocapsid （N） protein of SARS-coronavirus （SARS-CoV） is the key protein for the formation of the helical nucleocapsid during virion assembly. This protein is believed to be more conserved than other proteins of the virus, such as spike and membrane glycoprotein. In this study, the N protein of SARS-CoV was expressed in Escherichia coli DHSalpha and identified with pooled sera from patients in the convalescence phase of SARS. A plasmid pCI-N, encoding the full-length N gene of SARS-CoV, was constructed. Expression of the N protein was observed in COS1 cells following transfection with pCI-N. The immune responses induced by intramuscular immunization with pCI-N were evaluated in a murine model. Serum anti-N immunoglobutins and splenocytes proliferative responses against N protein were observed in immunized BALB/c mice. The major immunoglobulin G subclass recognizing N protein was immunoglobulin G2a, and stimulated splenocytes secreted high levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 in response to N protein. More importantly, the immunized mice produced strong delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and CD^8＋ CTL responses to N protein.     

浅析医疗机构中志愿者体系的管理和发展

医疗志愿者体系发展至今，在国外已有相当的规模和管理机制，但是对于国内的医疗机构来说，仍在不断的探索中。本文将结合复旦大学附属儿科医院于2002年6月1日成立的首批“阳光爱心”志愿者队伍的情况，探究志愿者体系在医疗机构中的管理和发展。     

Sedation with sufentanil and midazolam decreases pain in patients undergoing upper limb surgery under multiple nerve block

Multiple nerve blocks may be painful and a source of discomfort. We assessed the efficacy of sufentanil 5 microg combined with midazolam 1 mg in decreasing pain in outpatients after a midhumeral multiple nerve stimulation technique. Visual analog scores for pain were significantly lower in those patients who received sedation before the block, both at the time of block performance (14 +/- 1 vs 27 +/- 2 mm, P < 0.0001) and at discharge (11 +/- 1 vs 24 +/- 2 mm, P < 0. 0001). We conclude that the association of sufentanil and midazolam produced minimal sedation while significantly reducing pain experienced by patients undergoing multiple nerve stimulation.     

中医疾病证候学研究方法初探

此次调查在西医辨病的基础上,以中医辨证理论方法为核心,按照事先设计的方案,收集特定时间内膝关节骨关节炎患者的病状,先进行计量诊断确立辨证要素,再进行聚类分析及logistic回归分析等筛选出特异性较高的症状,为疾病辨证分型、辨证标准的阐明提供依据.是一种值得介绍的中医证候研究方法.