Trends in Physical Fitness and Nutritional Status among School-Aged Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Shaanxi,China—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of trends in physical fitness and nutritional status among school-aged students during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could help to develop targeted guidelines and policies for students (adolescents) to promote health during lockdowns resulting from public health emergencies. Methods: The physical fitness and nutritional status were measured from 2019 to 2021; the correlation between years and grade were analyzed. Results: a declining trend was found in aerobic fitness, strength fitness, speed fitness, and BMI during this lockdown. Conclusion: The changes in dietary behavior and the decrease in outdoor physical activities may be the reason for the decline. Furthermore, differences in subjects’ growth and limited space at home must be considered in the formulation of exercise and nutritional plans. According to the results of our study, exercise for aerobic fitness should receive more attention when students are enduring a pandemic lockdown. In addition, saying “no” to high-calorie foods in the form of snacking and ultra-processed food was the key to improving subjects’ nutritional status.     

The effects of hydroxyapatite implantation with the autogenous sclera cap: A cohort study

We performed a novel hydroxyapatite (HA) prosthesis implantation method in which an HA implant was implanted into the scleral shell with an autogenous scleral cap.Twenty-six patients who had undergone the novel HA prosthesis implantation method and 32 patients who had undergone traditional HA prosthesis implantation were retrospectively reviewed. The postoperative activity of the artificial eye was measured by the Hirschberg test combined with arc perimetry. The visual analog score (VAS) was used to evaluate 2-month postoperative pain and 2-month postoperative discomfort. HA implant vascularization was measured with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2 and 6 months after the operation. The enhancement volume (V_E) and the volume of the HA implant (V_HA) were measured. All cases were followed up for 2 years. Measurement data were processed using SAS 6.12.There was a statistically significant difference (P = .016) between the percentages of excellent grade in the two groups. Two months after implantation, the median pain scores of the study and control groups were 2 and 2.5, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (W = 585.0, P = .004); there was a statistically significant difference (W = 535.5, P = .000) between the median discomfort scores of the study group (score = 1) and control group (score = 2); the mean VE/VHA values of the study and control groups were 0.3075 and 0.1535, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (t = −8.196, P = .000). Six months after implantation, the V_E/V_HA values of the study and control groups were 0.9686 and 0.5934, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (W = 549.0, P = .000). Within 2 years of postoperative follow-up, there were no serious complications in the study group.In the study group, in which the hydroxyapatite implant was implanted into a preserved scleral shell with unaltered muscles and covered with an autogenous scleral cap, postoperative activity and the fibrovascularization of the HA implant were significantly increased, and postoperative pain and discomfort were significantly reduced.     

Mechanical Reinforcement in Nylon 6 Nanocomposite Fiber Incorporated with Dopamine Reduced Graphene Oxide

The emergence of graphene-based polymer composite fibers provides a new opportunity to study the high-performance and functional chemical fibers. In this work, we have developed an efficient and convenient method with polydopamine (PDA) to functionalize and reduce graphene oxide (GO) simultaneously, and the modified graphene nanosheets can obtain uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding in nylon 6 (PA6). Furthermore, the reinforced PA6 composite fibers were prepared through mixing PDA-rGO into the PA6 polymer matrix and then melt spinning. The functional modification was characterized by surface analysis and structural testing including SEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman. When the addition amount of the modified GO was 0.15 wt%, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite fiber reached 310.4 MPa and 462.3 MPa, respectively. The results showed a meaningful reinforcement with an effect compared to the pure nylon 6 fiber. Moreover, the composite fiber also exhibited an improved crystallinity and thermal stability, as measured by DSC and TGA.     

正电子发射计算机断层摄影显像与CT在判定非小细胞肺癌术前分期的比较

目的比较正电子发射计算机断层摄影显像(PET-CT)和CT显像在判定可切除非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者原发灶和纵隔淋巴结有无转移上的临床价值。方法42例可切除非小细胞肺癌患者于手术前常规进行PET-CT和CT胸部显像,判定纵隔淋巴结有无转移。1个月以内行开胸手术纵隔淋巴结清扫以获取原发灶及纵隔淋巴结病理标本,对切除的纵隔淋巴结进行常规染色,病理学检查结果与术前影像学检查比较。结果CT显像诊断纵隔淋巴结的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为71.8%(23/32),60.0%(15/25),69.7%(23/33)和62.5%(15/24)。PET-CT显像诊断纵隔淋巴结的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为92.8%(39/42),87.5%(42/48),86.7%(39/45)和93.3%(42/45)。PET-CT诊断淋巴结的Kappa值为0.714,优于CT的0.396(P<0.05)。结论PET-CT能提高检查非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结的敏感性,明显优于CT,有利于术前分期。     

Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System

Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.     

Inter-brain synchronization is weakened by the introduction of external punishment

Punishment is a popular institution to enforce social norms in human society. However, how the punishment institution impacts the inter-brain neural signatures of two-person social interactions is still an open question. By performing electroencephalography recording of brain activity in two interacting parties as they simultaneously played both the revised repeated ultimatum game (rrUG) and the revised repeated dictator game (rrDG), this study focused on exploring how the introduction of external punishment influences inter-brain synchronization between the two parties. The data showed a significant negative effect of external punishment on inter-brain synchronization, with greater inter-brain synchronization observed in the rrDG than in the rrUG. We proposed a possible mechanism underlying this result. In the rrDG, the similar moral motivation of both proposers and responders results in inter-brain synchronization between them. However, in the rrUG, the introduction of external punishment crowds out the intrinsic moral motivation of the proposers, thereby undermining the inter-brain synchronization. Moreover, we found a significant positive correlation between the rejection rate from responders for disadvantageous inequal offer and inter-brain synchronization in the rrDG. These findings contribute to understanding the negative effect of punishment institution and shed light on the inter-brain mechanism underlying social interaction.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并下肢深静脉血栓的临床特征及危险因素

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AECOPD)患者合并下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)的危险因素。方法 连续收集2018年10月至2019年4月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院急诊病房收治的AECOPD患者51例,根据入院后下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声回报有无血栓的结果,分为血栓组和非血栓组,比较两组患者的基本资料、临床特征及检查结果。结果 在有无下肢水肿、肺动脉高压、平均动脉压、D-二聚体方面两组患者之间差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),对单因素分析结果中有意义的因素行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,下肢水肿、肺动脉高压是AECOPD合并DVT的独立危险因素(P＜0.05,OR=5.215, 3.741),而平均动脉压及D-二聚体不是AECOPD合并DVT的独立危险因素(P＞0.05)。两组患者的C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、动脉血氧分压之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 对AECOPD患者可通过下肢水肿情况、肺动脉高压推断发生下肢静脉血栓的可能性,进而针对性地检查、治疗,达到诊断及预防下肢深静脉血栓的效果。     

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体与抑郁症

抑郁症(major depressive disorder,MDD)是一类以心境抑郁、兴趣减退为主要临床表现的精神障碍疾病。其病因机制不清,具有高发病率、高复发率及高自杀率特点。当下主流的单胺类假说不能充分阐明其病理学特征,部分抑郁症患者对现有抗抑郁药治疗应答不佳。N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-as...