Acute Cellular Rejection Predominated by Monocytes Is a Severe Form of Rejection in Human Renal Recipients With or Without Campath-1H (Alemtuzumab) Induction Therapy

Campath-1H has been used successfully for induction and has resulted in a low rate of acute cellular rejection (ACR) in renal transplantation in combination with various postoperative immunosuppression regimens. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of monocyte involvement in ACR, with or without Campath-1H induction. We found that monocytes represented the majority of inflammatory cells in grades Ib or higher ACR, but not with Ia type of ACR, regardless of the status of Campath-1H induction. Cases of ACR, following Campath-1H induction, appear to demonstrate a 'pure form' of monocytic ACR, whereas monocytes were mixed with many other types of inflammatory cells in the cases of ACR in the absence of Campath-1H induction. In addition with Campath-1H induction, the cases of monocyte-predominant ACR were found to uniformly exhibit a good response to corticosteroid treatment. We conclude that monocyte-predominate ACR may represent a severe form of rejection, with or without Campath-1H treatment.     

肠缺血/再灌注致肺损伤时肺内HO-1/CO与iNOS/NO相互作用的研究

目的观察肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)致肺损伤时肺内HO-1/CO与iNOS/NO的相互作用。方法采用肠缺血/再灌注模型。32只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、肠缺血1 h再灌注6 h组(I/R组)、氨基胍组(AG组)和血晶素组(hemin组)。检测肺组织中HO-1和iNOS的表达,观察肺组织丙二醛(MDA)、血清一氧化氮(NO)及动脉血中氧血红蛋白(Hb-CO)的含量,同时观察肺组织病理形态学改变。结果与Sham组比较,I/R组HO-1和iNOS表达显著增强(均P<0.01);AG组HO-1和iNOS表达较I/R组明显降低(均P<0.05);Hemin组iNOS表达较I/R组明显降低而HO-1表达明显升高(均P<0.05);I/R组肺组织MDA、血清NO、血中HbCO较Sham组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);与I/R组比较,AG组、Hemin组肺组织MDA、血清NO显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。AG组的HbCO明显降低而Hemin组的HbCO明显升高(P<0.05)。病理学检查显示,AG组与Hemin组肺组织损伤程度较I/R组明显减轻。结论NO及CO对肠I/R肺组织具有保护作用,两者之间存在着相互作用,肺内HO-1/CO的大量生成具有使NO产生减少的作用,同时iNOS/NO的过量生成具有上调HO-1表达使CO产生增多的作用。     

Model invariant method for extracting single-channel mean open and closed times from heterogeneous multichannel records.

We present a proof that the mean open (and closed) times of the individual channels in a multichannel record can be found in a model-independent fashion. As the results are model independent, they can be derived by assuming the simplest model for all the channels, namely that they all have the basic CLOSED in equilibrium with OPEN scheme. In particular, the method can be applied to patches where the channel population is heterogenous with respect to open probability. Multichannel simulations are performed to test the limits of applicability of this method to restricted amounts of data. One conclusion is that increasing the number of channels does not substantially reduce the errors in estimating the mean times, in spite of the 'increased information' present. We also prove the general applicability of the algorithm of Fenwick et al. (1982) in estimating the mean times without knowledge of the number of channels present, and discuss its limitations. An illustration using experimental data is also given.     

原子吸收光谱法测定糖尿病患者血清锌、镁、钙含量的研究

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了30例糖尿病患者血清锌、镁、钙的含量,并与30例正常人相比较。结果表明,其锌和镁较正常人为低(P<0.05),但钙与正常人无显著性差别。另外,本文还对锌、镁与糖尿病的关系进行了探讨。     

血管缺损断指的回植

某些断指的伤情复杂，常合并血管缺损，回植难度大。我们在微血管移植动物实验和尸体手指显微解剖的基础上，据情分别采用了１２种方法，修复断指中血管缺损共２０７例（２６１指），成活２４０指，成活率９２％。我们认为精湛的显微外科技术和正确选择处理方法，是手术成功的关键。     

EVALUATION OF INDOCYANINE GREEN RETENTION AND AMINOPYRINE BREATH TESTS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Impaired hepatic function is a major contributory factor to the high incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Dynamic hepatic function tests such as indocyanine green (ICG) retention and aminopyrine breath tests were evaluated in such patients to define whether they were clinically useful for prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Forty-four patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing surgery for relief of obstructive jaundice were recruited into the study. Indocyanine green retention and aminopyrine breath tests were carried out in all patients pre-operatively and repeated in 36 patients postoperatively. The ICG retention was abnormal in all patients before surgery and there was significant improvement 2 weeks after surgery (32.8 ± 2.5%vs 18.3 ± 2.8%, P= 0.001). The change in ICG retention levels correlated with the serum bilirubin levels but the pre-operative ICG retention value could not predict postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aminopyrine breath test was abnormal in all but one patient. It correlated with pre-operative prothrombin time of the patients before surgery but it did not improve significantly after surgery and was not predictive of postoperative outcome. It is concluded that both ICG retention and aminopyrine breath tests have limited clinical value in the pre-operative evaluation of patients with malignant biliary obstruction.     

脆性X综合征中不稳定的DNA序列和异常甲基化研究

采用ＰＣＲ结合序列胶分析的方法，对８２条正常中国人Ｘ染色体ＦＲＡＸＡ位点（ＣＧＧ）ｎ重复序列拷贝数的多态性进行了测定，其范围为２１～３１，高峰为２７。并通过Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析了来自６个Ｆｒａ（Ｘ）家系的１５名成员（ＣＧＧ）ｎ的拷贝数与该重复序列上游ＣｐＧ岛的甲基化状态。Ｆｒａ（Ｘ）患者（ＣＧＧ）ｎ大量扩增并伴随ＣｐＧ岛异常甲基化。Ｆｒａ（Ｘ）携带者女性（ＣＧＧ）ｎ扩增较少，有嵌合现象。其子代或产生更大扩增，或保持原来状态，呈动态突变遗传特征。     

1998-2002年《中国防痨杂志》来稿与刊登情况分析

目的　分析中国防痨杂志来稿及刊登情况,进一步提高杂志质量,加快防痨学术交流。方法 以编辑部1998—2002年稿件登记本和1998—2003年出版的《中国防痨杂志》29册为样本,统计来稿和刊登稿件的数量以及出版时滞。结果 5年共来稿2592篇,年平均518.4篇,刊出759篇,平均刊登率为30.4%。但出版时滞稍长。结论 中国防痨杂志的稿源比较充足,但来稿质量仍需提高。出版时滞尚需改进。     

褪黑素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤及胞浆型磷脂酶A_2蛋白表达的影响

目的观察褪黑素在脑损伤时对脑细胞凋亡和胞浆型磷脂酶A2(cPLA2)蛋白的表达及相关介质的影响。方法采用线栓法制作大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,将78只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为假手术组(6只)、模型组(36只)、治疗组(36只)。用HE染色和TUNEL法检测各组海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡;用免疫组织化学法检测海马CA1区神经细胞中cPLA2蛋白表达;用ELISA法检测血清中TNF-α和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组不同时间点凋亡细胞及cPLA2蛋白表达增强,且血清中TNF-α和PGE2水平也显著增高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,治疗组能明显降低海马CA1区细胞凋亡数和cPLA2蛋白表达,同时也能降低血清中TNF-α和PGE2水平(P<0.01)。结论褪黑素对大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注脑损伤有良好的保护作用:降低缺血再灌注后血清中TNF-α和PGE2水平,抑制缺血再灌注后海马CA1区cPLA2蛋白表达。     

正常人在静态和运动状态下"死腔/潮气"估测值和实测值的比较

目的研究正常人静态及运动状态下死腔/潮气(VD/VT)估测值和实测值的关系.方法23名受试者行心肺运动试验,同步实时测定摄氧量和二氧化碳排出量,分别在运动前及运动高峰时抽取动脉血,根据Bohr的公式,得出VD/VT实测值,同时再用呼气末CO2分压(PetCO2)代替PaCO2,计算VD/VT,得出VD/VT估测值.结果根据病史、体检、肺功能和运动前后的心电图判断23名受试者均为正常受试者.静态时的VD/VT估测值和VD/VT实测值分别为0.359±0.109和0.354±O.106,两者无显著性差异(P=0.710),相关分析显示两者高度相关(r=0.911,P＜0.001).运动高峰时的VD/VT估测值和VD/VT实测值分别为0.234±0.070和0.248±0.094,两者无显著性差异(P=0.748),相关分析表明两者显著相关(r=0.783,P＜0.001).与静态时比较,运动时估测和实测VD/VT均明显下降.结论对于正常成人,无论是在静态或最大运动状态下,可用无创方法计算VD/VT代替VD/VT实测值.