吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯对犬体外循环中红细胞的保护作用

目的研究犬体外循环(CPB)中吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)对红细胞的保护作用。方法将12只犬随机分为对照组(n=6)和PDTC组(n=6),建立CPB模型。PDTC组于CPB前静脉注射PDTC30mg/kg,对照组于CPB前静脉注射等量生理盐水。分别于CPB前、阻断30min、阻断60min、开放30min和开放60min时测定血浆白细胞介素(IL)-lβ、IL-8、游离血红蛋白(F-HB)、丙二醛(MDA)、红细胞三磷酸腺苷(E-ATP)和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(E-SOD)水平。结果阻断后各时间点对照组的血浆IL-lβ和IL-8水平均显著高于CPB前(P<0·01),PDTC组开放后血浆IL-lβ和IL-8水平显著高于CPB前(P<0·05,P<0·01);两组血浆MDA和F-HB水平均显著高于CPB前(P<0·01);两组E-ATP和E-SOD水平均显著低于CPB前(P<0·01)。PDTC组CPB后E-ATP水平和E-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0·01),而血浆IL-lβ、IL-8、MDA含量和F-HB浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0·01)。结论PDTC通过减轻CPB期间脂质过氧化反应和炎性反应对红细胞起到一定的保护作用。     

Clinical trial: effect of active lactic acid bacteria on mucosal barrier function in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Background The intestinal permeability is increased in patients with diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D‐IBS). Aim To determine the possible efficacy of lactic acid bacteria on the increased intestinal permeability in D‐IBS. Methods Treatment was employed for 4 weeks in a randomized single blind placebo controlled study with 30 D‐IBS patients. Patients were given either probiotic fermented milk (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Longum) or milk beverage containing no bacteria. The clinical symptoms were scored and intestinal permeability was measured by a triple sugar test before and after treatment. Results Small bowel permeability was measured as the ratio of lactulose and mannitol recovery and colonic permeability was measured as the total mass of sucralose excretion (mg). After probiotics treatment, small bowel permeability decreased significantly from 0.038 (0.024) at baseline to 0.023 (0.020) (P = 0.004), the proportion of patients with increased small bowel permeability was lower than baseline (28.6% vs. 64.3%, P = 0.023). However, colonic permeability improved neither in the probiotics group nor in the placebo group at week 4. Treatment with probiotics significantly decreased the mean global IBS scores compared with the baseline scores (9.62 ± 1.05 vs. 7.64 ± 1.24, P < 0.001). Conclusion Short‐term active lactic acid bacteria treatment for D‐IBS improved mucosal barrier function.     

Reduction of spermatogenesis in mice after tributyltin administration

Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) used as an antifouling biocide, can induce masculinization in female mollusks. However, few studies addressing the effect of TBT on spermatogenesis in mammalian have been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TBT at low doses (0.5, 5, and 50mug/kg, respectively) on spermatogenesis in mice as exposed from puberty and gave insight into the mechanism. After exposure for 30 days, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly decreased. The testosterone levels in the testes were not altered and the 17beta-estradiol levels were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, spermatogenesis of the testis was significantly inhibited. Estrogen receptor (ER-alpha and ER-beta) levels in testes of the mice exposed to TBT were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that ER play an important role in TBT-mediated inhibition of spermatogenesis.     

11例阿德福韦酯致低血磷性骨软化症临床分析

摘 要 目的：对阿德福韦酯（ADV）致低血磷性骨软化症病例进行临床分析,提高对此病的认识。方法: 回顾性分析11例ADV致低血磷性骨软化症病例的病史资料及生化检查（转氨酶、白蛋白、肌酐、尿酸、血糖、血pH、BE）、骨代谢标志物检查（25OHD3、PTH、tP1NP、β-CTX、OC）、尿液检查（尿pH、24 h尿钙、24 h尿磷、24 h尿蛋白、尿肌酐）、X线双能骨密度值、骨扫描结果。并分别于停用ADV 1个月和2016年7月对11例患者症状、血磷及AKP水平、尿常规进行复查随访。结果: 11例患者服用ADV时间（5.7±1.2）年,骨痛时间（2.2±0.6）年,血磷水平（0.45±0.099）mmol·K^-1,24h尿磷水平（17.9±4.8）mmol,AKP（248±107）U·K^-1,肾磷酸根阈值（0.31±0.10）mmol·K^-1。停用ADV1个月后随访：患者骨痛缓解,在补磷情况下血磷上升。2016年7月随访：平均停用ADV（18.3±10.7）月;相较于入院时及停药1个月时血磷显著升高、AKP显著降低（P均＜0.05）;2例血磷恢复正常,血磷恢复率为20%（2/10）。回归分析显示：影响入院时血磷的因素是肾磷酸根阈值和tP1NP（P<0.05）;影响最后随访时血磷的因素是入院时的骨密度值（P<0.05）。结论:低血磷性骨软化症是用ADV潜在不良反应,所致肾损害并不完全可逆,在临床工作中应引起重视。     

前列腺特异性膜抗原PET/MR 在前列腺癌诊断中的研究进展

作为男性高发病率的恶性肿瘤,前列腺癌（PCa）的早期诊断和精准分期对临床治疗方案的选择和患者的远期预后具有重要的临床意义。基于分子靶点前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA)的新型PET分子探针在PCa的诊断中显示出较高的临床效能,其在临床上的开发和应用越来越广泛。一体化PET/MR将PET的高灵敏度功能信息与MRI的优良软组织分辨率相结合,其在临床中的初步应用已显示出重要的临床价值。PSMA PET/MR在PCa的诊断中具有潜在的优势,现就其研究进展作一综述。     

Bone regeneration and infiltration of an anisotropic composite scaffold: an experimental study of rabbit cranial defect repair

Tissue formation on scaffold outer edges after implantation may restrict cell infiltration and mass transfer to/from the scaffold center due to insufficient interconnectivity, leading to incidence of a necrotic core. Herein, a nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (n-HA/PA66) anisotropic scaffold with axially aligned channels was prepared with the aim to enhance pore interconnectivity. Bone tissue regeneration and infiltration inside of scaffold were assessed by rabbit cranial defect repair experiments. The amount of newly formed bone inside of anisotropic scaffold was much higher than isotropic scaffold, e.g., after 12 weeks, the new bone volume in the inner pores was greater in the anisotropic scaffolds (>50%) than the isotropic scaffolds (<30%). The results suggested that anisotropic scaffolds could accelerate the inducement of bone ingrowth into the inner pores in the non-load-bearing bone defects compared to isotropic scaffolds. Thus, anisotropic scaffolds hold promise for the application in bone tissue engineering.     

Differential expression profiling of lncRNAs related to Epstein-Barr virus infection in the epithelial cells

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent γ-herpesvirus associated with a variety of cancers, including epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as powerful regulators that have demonstrated to play crucial roles in cancer development. In this approach, based on genome-wide RNA sequencing, we examined the lncRNA expression profiles in four EBV genome-infected and EBV-negative 293 cells. A series of lncRNAs were found to be dysregulated in a comparative analysis. Then, eight typical lncRNAs were selected for validation of expression levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were detected in EBV-positive or EBV-negative GC and NPC cells. The differential expression patterns of the eight lncRNAs for validation were fundamentally identical to those revealed in RNA sequencing. Particularly, the differential expression of these lncRNAs in GC and NPC cells indicated their possible roles in EBV infection and tumorigenesis. In addition, a predicted lncRNA-microRNA-messenger RNA network suggested their potential interactions. This study reveals the first lncRNAome related to EBV infection in the epithelial cells and provides novel clues for the study of viral role in epithelial cancers through the interaction between EBV and host lncRNAs.