股外侧肌肌骨瓣移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的 研究股外侧肌肌骨瓣移植在治疗股骨头缺血性坏死疾患中的临床应用。方法 对我院在1994年3月－1999年11月间,应用股外侧肌肌骨瓣移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的32例39患者,进行了临床观察和随访。结果 经随访年以上者29例33髋,其中Ⅲ期8髋,术后疗效的优良率为90．9％。结论 该方法对改善股骨头血运,促进坏死区血循环的重建与修复,具有较好的疗效。     

A novel approach to measuring circulating blood volume: the use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier in a rabbit model

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) may be ideal for monitoring circulating plasma volume (CV-P) and circulating blood volume (CV-B). We used an HBOC (Hemoglobin glutamer-200 [bovine], Oxyglobin; Biopure, Cambridge, MA) as an indicator for relative CV-B in the rabbit model. Accuracy of the technique was determined by comparison with the Evans blue dye (EBD) dilution technique in 19 anesthetized female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0 to 10.6 kg. The measurements were performed at baseline, after hemorrhage (1/3 of CV-B), normovolemic hemodilution (replacement of 1/3 CV-B by Hextend; Abbot Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), and hypervolemic hemodilution (additional infusion of Hextend(R) in a volume equal to 1/3 of CV-B). Hemoglobin concentration was measured by using a HemoCue photometer (HemoCue AB, Angelholm, Sweden). EBD concentration was analyzed by using linear regression to estimate Time 0 concentration; Time 0 was defined as EBD injection time. The difference between CV-P values determined by EBD and HBOC dilution was independent from the magnitude of the CV-P value. The relative bias was 1.29 mL, and the precision (one SD) was 2.82 mL. The difference did not reach statistical significance. IMPLICATIONS: Circulating plasma and blood volumes can be accurately estimated by plasma hemoglobin concentration measurements by using hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier infusion.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合骨填充材料修复良性骨肿瘤骨缺损临床疗效观察

目的观察颗粒型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66,n-HA/PA66)复合骨修复材料修复良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的疗效和生物安全性。方法2003年1月～2005年5月,选取37例良性骨肿瘤患者,男21例,女16例,其中1例为2处病变;年龄19～58岁,平均38.5岁。骨纤维结构不良11例(12侧),骨囊肿14例,骨巨细胞瘤级10例,内生软骨瘤2例。肿瘤大小为1.0cm×0.7cm×0.4cm～10.0cm×4.0cm×3.0cm;肿瘤位于股骨近端12例(13侧),远端7例,胫骨近端9例,肱骨近端5例,指骨2例,掌骨和跟骨各1例。行肿瘤刮除术,瘤腔用颗粒型n-HA/PA66填充,伤口常规缝合;术后观察伤口愈合情况,局部炎性反应,排斥反应,全身毒性,瘤腔愈合和患肢功能的恢复情况。结果术后1例伤口感染,余伤口期愈合。局部炎性反应轻微,无排斥反应和全身毒性反应。术后全部获随访5～33个月,术后3～5.5个月可见新骨长入n-HA/PA66填充区,下肢在术后8个月可完全负重,上肢在术后5个月可完成日常活动。结论颗粒型n-HA/PA66复合骨修复材料具有良好生物安全性、相容性和骨传导性,可用于良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的修复。     

危重患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的临床研究——前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 比较经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)与经锁骨下静脉中心静脉置管在危重患者中的临床应用.方法 通过前瞻性随机对照研究方法,将80例ICU危重患者分为PICC组(40例)和锁骨下静脉组(40例),观察两组穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、穿刺不良反应发生率等.结果 PICC组较锁骨下静脉组一次穿刺成功率高(92.5%vs 75.0%,χ2=4.501,P=0.034),穿刺时间短[(15.7±5.3)min vs(23.9±6.3)min,t=-6.263,P=0.000],总不良反应发生率低(10.0%vs 27.5%,χ2=4.021,P=0.045).结论 PICC穿刺简便易行,危险性小,在危重患者中PICC置管优于锁骨下静脉置管.     

阴茎异常勃起诊治21例报告

目的探讨阴茎异常勃起的诊治方法、病理及预后。方法阴茎异常勃起患者21例，经彩色多普勒超声海绵体血流成像、血气分析及穿刺活检术确诊后采用保守治疗、分流术及阴茎切除术等。结果低流量型阴茎异常勃起19例。勃起时间≤12h者8例。病理示海绵体间质轻度水肿，保守治疗后阴茎疲软，随访勃起功能正常；勃起时间13～24h者4例，其中轻度间质水肿1例、中重度3倒，行阴茎头-阴茎海绵体分流术后症状消失，随访3例勃起功能正常,1例发生轻度勃起功能障碍（ED）；勃起时间25～48h者2例。病理镜下示海绵体平滑肌局灶性坏死及纤维样细胞,术后2侧均复发。其中1例扩大内瘘口后勃起消失，随访性功能无减退。另1例白血病引起者综合化疗后症状缓解，随访发生中度ED；勃起时间49～72h者3例。病理镜下示海绵体平滑肌广泛坏死、大量纤维样细胞及血栓形成。行大隐静脉－海绵体分流术后勃起消失。随访2例发生重度ED，1例术后2周因肺、脑梗死死亡；2例阴茎转移癌分别于术后12、18个月死亡。高流量型阴茎异常勃起2例，术后随访性功能正常。结论海绵体损伤程度与异常勃起时间紧密相关。应尽早采取治疗措施。同时治疗愿发病有助于提高疗效、改善预后。     

Reversal of Diabetes in Mice by Intrahepatic Injection of Bone-derived GFP-murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with the Recombinant Retrovirus-carrying Human Insulin Gene

Background The objective of this study was to assess the effect of intrahepatic injection of bone-derived green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic murine mesenchymal stem cells (GFP-mMSCs) containing the human insulin(ins) gene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods GFP-mMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of GFP transgenic mice, expanded, and transfected with a recombinant retrovirus MSCV carrying the human insulin gene. C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic by an intraperitoneal administration of 160 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), followed by intrahepatic injection of transfected GFP-mMSCs. The variations in body weight and the blood glucose and serum insulin levels were determined after cell transplantation. GFP-mMSCs survival and human insulin expression in liver tissues were examined by fluorescent microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results The body weight in diabetic mice that received GFP-mMSCs harboring the human insulin gene was increased by 6% within 6 weeks after treatment, and the average blood glucose levels in these animals were 10.40 ± 2.80 mmol/l (day 7) and 6.50 ± 0.89 mmol/l (day 42), respectively, while the average values of blood glucose in diabetic animals without treatment were 26.80 ± 2.49 mmol/l (day 7) and 25.40 ± 4.10 mmol/l (day 42), showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). Moreover, secretion of human insulin of GFP-mMSCs in serum and animal liver was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Conclusions Experimental diabetes could be relieved effectively for up to 6 weeks by intrahepatic transplantation of murine mesenchymal stem cells expressing human insulin. This study implies a novel approach of gene therapy for type I diabetes.     

共培养体系中重组结核杆菌热休克蛋白10对破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响（R68)

目的观察重组结核杆菌热休克蛋白10(CPN10)对成骨细胞(OB)-外周血单个核细胞(PBMs)共培养体系中破骨细胞生成及相关基因表达的影响。方法建立培养上清相通但二者互相不接触的成骨细胞一单个核细胞共育模型。实验分对照组和CPN10(10μg/ml)处理组。主要观察指标:①采用TRAP染色及扫描电镜检测破骨细胞生成及小牛骨磨片吸收陷窝,②应用Realtime PCR检测与破骨细胞生成相关基因NFATc1、c-Fos、RANKL、OPG的基因表达。结果两组细胞均有TRAP阳性多核破骨细胞生成,并在小牛骨磨片上形成吸收陷窝;但对照组所获TRAP阳性多核细胞数目、吸收陷窝数目及面积均显著小于CPN10组。Realtime PCR检测结果显示CPN10组与对照组相比NFATc1、c-Fos、RANKL、OPG相对浓度分别为7.410±1.738、8.844±1.981、22.4272±2.058、2.445±0.2517(P0.05),对照组各基因表达均显著低于CPN10组。结论 CPN10在成骨细胞-单个核细胞(OB-PBMs)共培养体系中可促进OC的生成及骨吸收,CPN10通过对成骨细胞的作用,致其分泌的OPG/RANKL比例失调,并上调破骨细胞相关基因NFATc1、c-Fos、RANKL、OPG的基因表达。     

Unilateral versus bilateral fixation for lumbar spinal fusion: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

The objective of this study was to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral fixation to bilateral fixation for the lumbar degenerative disease.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched databases including PubMed Central, MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for randomized controlled trials or non-randomized controlled trials that compare unilateral fixation with bilateral fixation for the treatment for lumbar disease. Exclusion criteria were non-controlled studies, follow-up <6 months, combined anterior and posterior surgery, lumbar tumors, and non-English writing paper. Methodologic quality was assessed, relevant data were retrieved, and the appropriate meta-analysis was performed. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The main end points included the rate of fusion, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intra-operative blood loss, operating time, and the rate of complications.

Results

A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Four relevant randomized controlled trials, one prospective study, and two retrospective studies involving 499 patients were identified. Patients in unilateral pedicle fixation group compared with bilateral pedicle screw fixation group on the fusion rate, VAS, ODI scores, and complication rate demonstrated no significant differences (P > 0.05, respectively). However, intra-operative blood loss and operating time in unilateral fixation group were significantly less than bilateral fixation group (P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

Unilateral fixation seems to be an effective, feasible, and safe procedure in one or two segmental disease when compare with bilateral instrumentation.     

儿童终末期肝病模型评分用于预测婴幼儿活体肝移植预后的作用

目的探讨儿童终末期肝病模型(PELD)评分系统用于预测婴幼儿活体肝移植预后的作用。方法回顾性分析2006年10月至2012年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肝脏外科收治的101例小儿活体肝移植临床资料。患儿术前诊断均为胆道闭锁。术前对每例患儿进行PELD评分,根据PELD评分将患儿分为两组:低分组(PELD评分16分,62例)和高分组(PELD评分≥16分,39例)。比较两组患儿围手术期的基本情况及术后并发症发生率。结果两组患儿的手术年龄和体重差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05),但两组性别、移植物(肝)重量/受体的体重、供肝冷缺血时间、术中失血量等差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。PELD高分组患儿移植术后的肺部感染和胆道并发症发生率均明显高于低分组(均为P0.05)。结论术前PELD评分可用于预测婴幼儿肝移植的预后,为婴幼儿肝移植的围手术期的治疗、监护及护理措施的制定提供参考。对于术前PELD评分较高的患儿,应加强围手术期并发症的监护处理。     

M-Tang法肌腱缝合技术的生物力学研究及其在Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复中的应用

目的报道一种新的肌腱缝合方法 M-Tang法的生物力学特性及临床应用结果。方法本研究采用36根猪后足屈肌腱作为实验材料,在相当于Ⅱ区水平造成切割伤后,18根用Tang法、18根用M-Tang法进行修复。将修复后的肌腱分别进行直线和90°成角状态下的拉伸,用Instron力学测定仪测定2 mm间隙形成负荷及断裂负荷。M-Tang法用于临床修复Ⅱ区屈肌腱65例共96指,术后均采用保护性主、被动活动相结合的锻炼计划。采用Strickland标准进行功能评价。结果在直线拉伸模式下,M-Tang法的2 mm间隙形成负荷为(46.2±5.2)N,断裂负荷为(61.9±6.0)N,与Tang法相近;在90°成角拉伸模式下,M-Tang法的2 mm间隙形成负荷为(35.9±3.6)N,与Tang法相近,断裂负荷为(57.0±4.5)N,高于Tang法。65例患者术后平均随访26个月,临床运用M-Tang法修复的Ⅱ区屈肌腱无1例发生断裂,根据Strickland TAM标准,其中优78指,良10指,可8指,优良率91.6%。结论 M-Tang法具备Tang法的生物力学强度,操作简便,使用缝线和外露线结少,能满足肌腱早期保护性主动活动的需要,是Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复的优选方法之一。