甲泼尼龙治疗抗结核药所致重型肝炎的临床研究

目的：探讨甲泼尼龙对抗结核药所致重型药物性肝炎患者的疗效及预后。方法将60例抗结核药物所致重型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组(n=32)和对照(n=28),两组均给予内科综合治疗,在此基础上治疗组加用甲泼尼龙治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效与不良反应。结果治疗2周后,治疗组总胆红素水平对照组比较差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。两组出现上消化道出血、继发感染等并发症的情况差异无统计学意义(>0.05)。结论短疗程甲泼尼龙的应用可提高抗结核药物所致重型肝炎患者救治的成功率。如严格把握糖皮质激素应用指征及治疗时机,其临床应用是较为安全的。     

荷包包埋法在胃癌根治术十二指肠残端处理中的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical effect of pockets embedding in duodenal stump closure after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of 2034 patients undergoing gastrectomy from January 1995 to December 2009 at our hospital were reviewed. Among them, Group A ( n = 465 ) underwent pockets embedding for duodenal stump, Group B (n =835) line-cutting stapler and hand-sewing while Group C (re = 734) double layer hand-sewing. The operation cost, processing time of duodenal stump,recent post-operative complications (within 1 month), blood loss volume and post-operative recovery status were compared between 3 groups. Results No patient died of operation. Ninety-five cases (4. 7% )suffered recent post-operative complications. The most frequent complications included wound infection (36 cases, 37.9%), intra-abdominal hemorrhage (18 cases, 18.9%) and anastomotic leakage (14 cases,14.7% ). There was no significant difference in intra-abdominal bleeding, anastomotic leakage, abdominal infection, wound infection or duodenal stump leakage among 3 groups. There was no duodenal stump leakage in Group A. The difference was apparent in comparisons with Groups B (6 cases, 0. 72% ) and C (5 cases,0.68%). The operation costs of Groups A [(9902 ±312)RMB] and C [(9896 ±281)RMB] were significantly lower than that of Group B [(13 129 ± 237) RMB, P =0. 0001]. And there was no difference between Groups A and C. The processing time of duodenal stump in Groups A [(7. 1 ±0. 9) min] and B [(7.6±0. 8)min] were lower than that of Group C [(11.5 ±1.4)min, P=0.0001]. And there was no difference between Groups A and B. There was no significant difference in blood loss volume or postoperative recovery status among 3 groups. Conclusion The post-gastrotomic closure of duodenal stump with pockets embedding for gastric cancer has a short operation time, a low operation cost and a low rate ofduodenal stump leakage. It is a simple, prompt, promising and safe surgical procedure for gastric neoplasms.     

Intraoperative microwave inactivation in‐situ of malignant tumors in the scapula

Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of microwave in situ inactivation of malignant primary or metastatic tumors in the scapula. Methods: Seventeen patients (12 men, 5 women, mean age 48 years [range, 13–59 years]) with malignant primary or metastatic tumors involving the scapula were treated by microwave inactivation between June 1998 and February 2008. There were12 malignant primary bone and 5 metastatic tumors. In 14 cases Area Sl was involved and in 3 cases both Areas S1 and S2. All 17 cases were by making a dorsal arc‐ or “∩‐” shaped incision to expose the tumor, protecting the surrounding soft tissues with a copper grid, and then heated the tumors locally with 2450 MHz microwave to 50°C for 20 min, after which all or some of the necrotic tumor tissue was removed, preserving the support role of the scapula. Results: The operation time was 60–180 min (mean 120 min) and blood loss was 300–1000 mL (mean 460 mL). No serious intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any patient. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 10 years (mean 4.2 years). Three patients with Ewing's sarcoma in the scapula had pulmonary, cerebral and systemic multiple metastases and died 8～24 months after surgery. Three patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma died of pulmonary and systemic multiple metastases 10～22 months after surgery; one patient had recurrence 6 months after surgery and survived with tumor. Five patients with metastatic tumor in the scapula died of non‐scapular metastatic tumor 6～14 months after surgery. The other five patients with primary malignant bone tumors had no recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up. Three cases had restricted extension of the shoulder joint with unrestricted protraction and retroflexion after surgery. Conclusion: In situ microwave inactivation features simple surgery, reliable effects and patient acceptability, making it an ideal surgical method for malignant tumors in the scapula.     

应用三维鸟枪法串联质谱技术研究脊髓室管膜瘤及正常脊髓室管膜的蛋白表达谱

目的 探讨应用三维鸟枪法( Shot-gun)串联质谱分析技术研究脊髓室管膜瘤和正常室管膜蛋白表达谱的可行性.方法 分别采集8例脊髓室管膜瘤标本和4例室管膜标本获取蛋向,进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),考马斯亮篮染色、切胶和酶解,串联质谱获取肽质量指纹图谱并鉴定和生物信息学分析. 结果 室管膜组鉴定组2758蛋白,室管膜瘤组鉴定2721个蛋白.其中1631个蛋白质在肿瘤组和对照组均有表达,1090个蛋白质仅在肿瘤组中表达,1127个蛋白质仅在对照组中表达.结论 SDS-PAGE 三维Shot-gun串联质谱技术为定量比较蛋白组学研究脊髓室管膜瘤奠定了技术平台.     

血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂对表皮干细胞增殖、分化、迁移的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂卡托普利对表皮干细胞(ESCs)增殖、迁移、分化的影响,探讨ACE在维持ESCs生物学功能中的作用.方法 利用差速贴壁法获得10例儿童的ESCs,进行离体培养,检测ACE在ESCs的表达.用XTT法检测不同浓度(1 ×l0-5、1×10-6、l×10-7、1×10-8mol/L) ACEI卡托普利对ESCs增殖的影响;体外创伤模型观察1×10-6mol/L的卡托普利对ESCs 6、12、18、24h各时间段的迁移能力;流式细胞仪检测K10的表达观察1×10-6mol/L的卡托普利对ESCs分化的影响.结果 培养的细胞经β1-整合素和K19免疫荧光双重标记染色,83.55％细胞为双标记阳性细胞,即ESCs.免疫荧光染色和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)结果显示ESCs表达ACE.流式细胞仪定量检测培养的细胞ACE阳性率为74.2％.1×10-6mol/L的卡托普利可明显抑制ESCs的增殖(P＜0.05),且在第5天达到峰值.1×10-6 mol/L的卡托普利可明显抑制细胞的迁移能力(P＜0.05)和克隆能力(P＜0.05).流式细胞仪检测结果表明,l×10-6 mol/L的卡托普利并不影响K10的表达(P＞0.05).结论 ACE通过影响ESCs的增殖,迁移从而影响皮肤的损伤修复和自我更新.     

鸡蛋中卵黄高磷蛋白的提取

建立了一种简单且适合于批量提取鸡蛋中的卵黄高磷蛋白的方法．先分离出其它水溶性蛋白质,再将沉淀物脱去脂肪,然后用１０％的ＮａＣｌ溶液（ｐＨ７．０）从所得的颗粒中提取卵黄高磷蛋白．每１００ｇ蛋黄提取１ｇ卵黄高磷蛋白粗制品,含氮１１．２２％,含磷７．７％,氮磷含量比值３．６４．卵黄高磷蛋白在ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００图谱上有两个主峰,分别是α－ＰＶ和β－ＰＶ,相对分子质量为１６００００和１９００００．在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上出现相对应的两条谱带．经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后,则出现相对分子质量从１０４～９×１０４左右的多条谱带,预示卵黄高磷蛋白是由多亚基组成的     

影像归档和通信系统协助早产儿异位PICC二次定位

目的 避免早产儿PICC异位退管后行二次X线摄片定位.方法 运用影像归档和通信系统(PACS)中影像处理的测量功能,测量46例PICC置入异位的导管尖端距理想位置的长度,根据测量的数字退出导管,再次行X线摄片定位导管并与预计位置比较.结果 根据PACS测量长度退出导管,预计退管后导管尖端的位置和再次X线摄片定位导管尖端的位置一致.结论 运用PACS可准确测量异位导管所需退出的长度,指导护理人员调整异位PICC尖端位置,避免新生儿接受二次X线照射.     

亚洲型髋关节髓内钉系统治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的分析亚洲型髋关节髓内钉系统（Asian intramedullary hip system,ASIAN IMHS）治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法2006年1月至2008年1月,应用ASIAN IMHS治疗34例股骨转子间骨折,骨折按AO／ASIF分型,31—A1型10例,31-A2型13例,31-A3型11例。结果32例患者获得6～18个月随访。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为11～23周,平均14．5周,尖顶距平均值24mm,无术中并发症,无感染、深静脉血栓、髓内钉断裂、股骨干骨折、拉力螺钉松动断裂及切出股骨头、髋内翻畸形等并发症发生。结论ASIAN IMHS基于亚洲人解剖特点设计,治疗股骨转子间骨折具有操作步骤简单、创伤小、骨折同定确实、并发症少及患者町早期功能锻炼等优点,值得推荐。术中C臂正侧位测量克氏针尾端至关节面的距离之和对预防拉力螺钉切出股骨头有重要意义。     

经内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻的疗效评价

目的评价经内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻的临床价值。方法1999年3月至2009年7月,我院内镜中心采用内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻77例,评价手术成功率、并发症和远期疗效。结果共77例患者,男43例,女34例,年龄24—90（65±14）岁。其中晚期胃窦癌24例,胃癌术后复发19例（其中毕Ⅰ式吻合10例）,十二指肠癌7例,壶腹周围癌7例,转移性肿瘤20例。支架置入成功率为93．5％（72,77）,59例（81．9％）在支架置入1．3d后开始流质饮食,进食半流质的时间为4～9（5±3）d,其中52例（72．2％）患者在支架置入10～16（13±3）d后开始普通饮食。并发症包括疼痛（15.3％）、支架移位（2．8％）、出血（22．2％）。截至2009年8月30日,获随访率94．8％（73／77）,中位生存期135（13～336）d。7例患者出现了再狭窄,支架通畅率90．3％（65／72）,再次置入金属支架后好转。结论内镜下金属支架引流术是治疗胃出口梗阻的一种微创且安全有效的方法。     

Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes in China during 2004 to 2014: A retrospective study (the CARNATION Study)

BackgroundWe aimed to report pregnancy outcomes of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China, on which data were sparse.MethodsThis is a nationwide retrospective study conducted in 11 general medical centers in 8 cities across China. We investigated the clinical data of all women who attended these centers with a singleton pregnancy and whose pregnancy ended between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Pregnancies of women with pregestational T1D were ascertained and compared with those of women without T1D.ResultsFrom over 300 000 pregnancies over the 11‐year study period, we identified 265 singleton pregnancies of women with T1D. One maternal death was documented among 265 (0.37%) women with T1D and 83 among 318 486 (0.03%) women without T1D. Women with T1D suffered from higher rates of pregnancy loss (13.21% vs 2.92%, crude risk ratio [cRR] 5.08 [95% CI, 3.56‐7.26]) and preeclampsia (17.74% vs 4.20%, cRR 4.94 [95% CI, 3.60‐6.77]) compared with those without T1D. Infants of these women with T1D had elevated rates of neonatal death (5.65% vs 0.16%, cRR 37.36 [95% CI, 21.21‐65.82]) and congenital malformation(s) (8.26% vs 3.53%, cRR 2.46 [95% CI, 1.54‐3.93]) compared with those of women without T1D. No significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes in women with T1D was observed over the period 2004 to 2014.ConclusionsPregnancy outcomes were persistently poor in women with T1D during 2004 to 2014 in China. Pregnancy care needs to be improved to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with T1D.