硬膜外阻滞对高血压患者血压的影响

目的:比较未经正规治疗的高血压患者中位和低位硬膜外阻滞时对血压的影响。方法:有明确的高血压病史的急诊中上腹部手术麻醉病例42例(Ⅰ组)和下腹部手术麻醉病例47例(Ⅱ组),采用硬膜外阻滞后,比较手术时间、局麻药总量、麻醉后动脉血压下降的幅度和时相。结果:(Ⅰ组)手术历时62.3±17.8min,局麻药总量为利多卡因387.0±31.2mg,(Ⅱ组)手术历时56.8±14.9min,利多卡因总量366.7±30.1mg,均无显著差异。Ⅰ组硬膜外麻醉前平均动脉压为123.6±13.2mmHg,麻醉后最低的平均动脉压为69.5±10.0mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为26.3min,Ⅱ组麻醉前的平均动脉压为117.3±15.7mmHg,麻醉后最低平均动脉压为71.0±7.4mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为21.3min。两组在硬膜外阻滞后平均动脉压下降幅度及下降时间方面无显著差异。结论:未经很好控制的高血压患者硬膜外阻滞后均可引起血压急骤下降,低位硬膜外阻滞与中高位阻滞引起的血压下降幅度和时相相似。     

Conformations of neurotensin in solution and in membrane environments studied by 2-D NMR spectroscopy

Two-dimensional HOHAHA and ROESY nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are used to obtain complete proton resonance assignments and to perform a conformational investigation of the neuropeptide neurotensin (pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) in aqueous solution, methanol, and membrane-mimetic [deuterated sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)] environments. Results suggest the absence of discernible elements of secondary structure in water and methanol. ROESY spectra confirm that Lys-Pro and Arg-Pro peptide bonds are all-trans, but that a significant population of cis Arg-Pro bonds arises in aqueous solution, which increases in the environment of SDS micelles. The conformational ensemble of the peptide is observed to narrow as it becomes bound through its cationic mid-region to SDS micelles, with the accompanying advent of local extended structure. The overall results indicate the inherent conformational flexibility of neurotensin, and emphasize the environmental dependence of conformation in peptides of medium length.     

Studies on the relationship between transaldolase activity and testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of pubertalmice

Objective: To study the relationship between transaldolase activity, protein expression and testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of pubertal mice. Methods: Leydig cells were cultured for 2 hours and 8 hours, to the Stimulation Group, hCG was added and to the Controls, only the vehicle. The testosterone concentration was then determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) and the transaldolase activity and protein expression by Western blot. Results: (1) Both the testosterone concentration and the transaldolase activity in both Stimulation Groups were significantly higher than those in the corresponding Controls (2 h: p<0.05-0.01; 8 h: P<0.001); (2) The ratios of the A isoform, the B isoform and the total transaldolase protein to β-actin between the Stimulation and Control Groups did not differ signifi-cantly. Conclusion: hCG stimulates the transaldolase activity as well as the testosterone synthesis in the Leydig cells of pubertal mice, indicating a positive relationship between them.     

49Sibutramine accelerates gastric emptying, inhibits intestinal motility in conscious dogs

Fasting interdigestive myoelectric complex (IMC) and postprandial gastroduodenal myoelectric activities are regulated by motilin and leptin, respectively (L. Zhou 2005). This study is to observe whether electrical acupuncture points could increase fasting gastroduodenal IMC and postprandial activities, as well as increase the release of motilin and leptin. Methods: Bipolar platinum electrodes were implanted on the serosa of antrum and duodenum in 10 conscious Wistar rats to record IMC and postprandial digestive myoelectric activities. We acupunctured Points Zusanli (S‐36), Tianshu (S‐25), and Liangmen (S‐21) during phase I of IMC (Frequency 20~100 Hz, Strengthen 12~16 mA, period 90 min) and compared with non‐specific electric stimulation (sham acupuncture) group. Serum motilin and leptin level was measured by RIA. Results: (1) Acupuncture points could shorten markedly phase I of antroduodenal IMC and increase the period of phase III (P < 0.01). Acupuncture points also increased the number of spike burst of antral and duodenal slow wave by (121.24 ± 20.0)% and (97.34 ± 15.20)% (compared with control group, P < 0.01). In postprandial period, acupuncture points could increase the number of spike burst of antral and duodenal slow wave by (142.52 ± 23.50)% and (102.48 ± 13.25)% (compared with control group, P < 0.01). (2) When acupuncture points increased the number of spike burst of IMC in fasting state, serum motilin concentration also increased, which was (74.56 ± 8.20)% more than control group (P < 0.01). When acupuncture points with meal, serum leptin concentration increased with myoelectric activity, which was (139.84 ± 20.25)% more than control group (P < 0.01). There was no change of motilin and leptin concentration in non‐specific electric stimulation group. (3) Cutting off subphrenic vagus nerves could totally block the effect of acupuncture points on antroduodenal myoelectric activities and release of motilin and leptin. Conclusions: Acupuncture points could effectively increase fasting and postprandial antroduodenal myoelectric activities. This effect is mediated by motilin and leptin, respectively.     

血管重塑对大鼠血管成形术后再狭窄的影响

目的：建立大鼠颈动脉再狭窄模型，原位灌注固定取材。评价PTA后血管重塑（VR）的动态变化规律，定量分析血管重塑在血管再狭窄过程中的变化及作用。方法：制作70只SD雄性大鼠颈总动脉再狭窄模型，分原位灌注实验组、对照组，于术后1h、3、7、14、28和42天原位灌注固定取材，行HE染色、Masson染色，观察标本血管狭窄情况。结果：①血管重塑指数（VRI）在PTA后即刻最大，3天组明显降低，7天组稍有增大，其后不断减小，剩余血管腔面积百分比同VRI的变化曲线基本一致。②FFA后，血管腔面积总体呈逐渐缩小趋势，内弹力板围绕面积（IELA）1h组较对照组明显增大，3天组较1h组明显缩小，14、28、42天组较对照组明显缩小。外弹力板围绕面积（EELA）逐渐缩小。EELA、IELA的变化与血管腔面积变化呈正相关。③VRI与血管腔面积的变化呈正相关，新生内膜面积与剩余狭窄率、血管腔面积无直线相关。结论：再狭窄过程中存在扩张性重塑和收缩性重塑现象，管腔的狭窄与否取决于血管重塑指数的变化，而不是新生内膜的变化，新生内膜的形成是血管重塑过程中的一部分。IELA和EELA可作为判断管腔狭窄及评价血管重塑的指标。     

BIOEQUIVALENCE BETWEEN rhGH FOR RECONSTITUTION AND READY-TO-USE rhGH IN TWO LIQUID FORMULATIONS

Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence between recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） for reconstitution, and two dosages of liquid formulation of rhGH [ （151U） 5mg or （301U） lOmg per 3ml ]. Methods The study drugs were tested in a randomized, single-blind and three-period crossover studies in 24 healthy male subjects. The three drugs were administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of O. 21U/kg body weight. A continuous somatostatin infusion was given in order to suppress the secretion of endogenous GH. The ve- nous blood samples were drawn at different time points to test the serum concentration of GH. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by statistical methods. Results 90% confidence intervals （CI） of AUC0-24h among three products were all within 80% - 125% interval （ 103. 4% - 116. 5%, 105. 7% - 119. 6% and 91.9% - 103. 7%, respectively）, and the Cls of C,~ among three products were all within 70% - 143% interval （91.9% - 114. 0%, 103. 7% -127. 2% and 81.6% -97. 4%, respectively）. There was no statisitical difference of tmax among all the three products. Conclusion These data demonstrate that there is bioequivalence between rhGH for reconstitution and two liquid formulations of rhGH.     

Developmental changes of glutamate acid decarboxylase 67 in mouse brain after hypoxia ischemia

Objective To study the developmental changes of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67, a GABA synthetic enzyme) in normal and hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain. Methods C57/BL6 mice on postnatal day (P) 5, 9, 21 and 60, corresponding developmentally to premature, term, juvenile and adult human brain were investigated by using both Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods either in normal condition or after hypoxic ischemic insult. Results The immunoreactivity of GAD67 was up regulated with brain development and significant difference was seen between mature (P21, P60) and immature (P5, P9) brain. GAD67 immunoreactivity decreased in the ipsilateral hemisphere in all the ages after hypoxia ischemia (HI) insult, but, significant decrease was only seen in the immature brain. Double labeling of GAD67 and cell death marker, TUNEL, in the cortex at 8h post-HI in the P9 mice showed that (15.6±7.0)% TUNEL positive cells were GAD67 positive which was higher than that of P60 mice. Conclusion These data suggest that GABAergic neurons in immature brain were more vulnerable to HI insult than that of mature brain.     

重组2型腺相关病毒-转化生长因子β3对实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组织病理学和Ⅰ型胶原表达的影响

Objective To investgate the effects of TGF β 3 on rat hepatic fibrosis. Methods The TGF β 3 cDNA was cloned into rAAV2 vector. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, model group, negative control group and TGF β 3 group. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by hypodermic injection of 40% CCI4. Recombinant AAV2-TGF β 3 viral particles were injected via the vena caudalis one week before CCh treatment. Rats were executed 8 weeks after CCI4 treatment, global histological change was observed after HE staining, the distribution of the collagen fibers was observed after masson staining, his-tochemistry was done to observe the expression of collagen Ⅰ; The positive area rate of the collagen fibers and the average optical rate of collagen Ⅰ were quantified. Results HE staining indicated that collagen fibers were reduced in the TGF β 3 group. Masson staining shown that the collagen fibers were distributed around the blood vessel, in the portal area and disse space. Compared to the model group (13.2%±2.2%) and negative control group (12.3%±1.5%), the collagen fibers in liver tissues of TGF β3 group (7.7% ± 1.5%) were significantly decreased (q = 9.456, P < 0.01; q = 8.217, P < 0.01). Histochemistry indicated that the collagen fibers of liver tissues of TGF 15 3 group (0.185±0.033) were significantly higher than those in the model group (0.252±0.042) and the negative control group (0.230±0.029), (q = 6.228, P < 0.01; q = 4.346, P < 0.01). Conclusion TGF β 3 alleviates the damage to hepatic cell and the level offibrosis in CCI4 treated rats and inhibits the expression of collagen Ⅰ.     

联合应用口服水剂和水灌肠肠道充盈法的MSCT研究

目的：评价口服水剂、水灌肠及两者联合应用充盈肠道后,使用MSCT显示成人正常肠道的能力。材料和方法：将43名非肠道病变志愿者分别采用口服水剂法(21例)、水灌肠法(12例)、双重法(口服水剂和水灌肠联合应用,10例)充盈肠道,然后行MSCT平扫和增强扫描并进行图像重建,对小肠和大肠各肠段充盈状态进行评价。结果：口服水剂法回肠充盈良好,水灌肠法大肠充盈良好,双重法回肠及大肠均充盈良好。口服水剂法小肠充盈优于水灌肠法,与双重法无显著差异,大肠充盈状态水灌肠法明显优于口服水剂法,与双重法无显著差异。结论：口服水剂和水灌肠联合应用可以在MSCT同时较好地充盈显示小肠和大肠,而两种方法单独使用则仅能分别充盈显示小肠和大肠,需要根据显示目的选择相应的充盈方法。