颈前路空心加压螺钉治疗Ⅱ型齿状突骨折

目的探讨前路单枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗Ⅱ型齿状突骨折的临床疗效。方法 C臂X线机透视下采用前路单枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折24例。结果 24例均获随访,时间12-48（24±12）个月。患者全部骨性愈合。无术中及术后并发症。末次随访时无内固定螺钉松动、移位或断裂,颈椎活动无明显受限。结论前路空心加压螺钉固定治疗齿突骨折既可提供良好的稳定性,又能保留寰枢关节活动性,骨折愈合率较高,并发症低,是治疗Ⅱ型齿突骨折有效的方法。     

不同手术入路治疗腰椎结核疗效分析

目的比较不同手术入路治疗腰椎结核手术效果。方法手术治疗158例腰椎结核患者,分别采用侧前路入路手术病灶清除植骨钢板内固定59例（A组）、后路病灶清除减压内固定49例（B组）、前路减压病灶清除后路内固定50例（C组）。观察手术时间、出血量、截瘫缓解情况、植骨融合情况、后凸畸形矫正情况。结果平均手术时间：A组（170.5±18.3）min,B组（130.3±26.8）min,C组（208.5±18.3）min;平均出血量：A组（520.4±53）ml,B组（535.8±62）ml,C组（750.6±91）ml。组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随访9-24个月。3组均无严重并发症发生,A组1例出现结核脓肿复发,窦道形成,经前路脓肿清除后治愈,1例术中损伤髂总静脉,行修补术。末次随访时所有植骨均获骨性融合,无内固定松动及断裂出现。3组的ASIA分级、Cobb角变化程度比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论一期侧前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核,后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术以及前后路联合术式均可获得较好的治疗效果,但手术入路的选择应根据病灶侵蚀的范围、节段、患者的耐受能力以及手术者的习惯来决定。     

定制型肱骨近端假体结合人工补片重建肩关节的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术中使用人工补片重建盂肱关节囊的手术方法及其对稳定肩关节、预防术后肱骨头脱位的效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年1月,回顾性分析接受定制型肱骨近端假体结合聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建肩关节的患者12例,男7例,女5例;年龄21～55岁,平均38岁.肿瘤类型:骨巨细胞瘤9例,骨肉瘤1例,软骨肉瘤2例.9例骨巨细胞瘤患者中3例为Campanacci Ⅱ期,6例为Campanacci Ⅲ期;1例骨肉瘤患者为Enneking ⅡB期;2例软骨肉瘤患者均为Enneking Ⅱ A期.采用国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评估标准评价术后肩关节功能.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间24～52个月,平均35个月.手术出血量150～500 ml,平均254 ml;手术时间150～200 min,平均172 min.术后患者肩关节前屈20°～60°,平均41°;外展20°～70°,平均42°.MSTS评分为53%～77%,平均66%.术后无一例患者出现臂丛损伤、切口感染及假体脱位;随访期间无一例患者出现局部复发、远处转移或死亡.结论 使用聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建盂肱关节囊可显著减少肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术后肱骨头假体脱位的发生,便于周围软组织的附着和长入.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the surgical technique,postoperative function and dislocation incidence of proximal humerus reconstruction with metallic endoprostheses and polypropylene knitted nonabsorbable mesh after proximal humeral tumor resection.Methods Twenty patients with proximal humeral tumor were retrospectively reviewed.They were performed proximal humerus reconstruction with proximal humeral prosthesis and polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh from February 2006 to January 2009.There were 5 women and 7 men with a mean age of 38 years(range,21-55 years)at the time of surgery,and giant cell tumor in 9 patients(including Campanacci Ⅱ for 3,Campanacci Ⅲ for 6),osteosarcoma in 1(Enneking ⅡB).and chondrosarcoma in 2 (Enneking ⅡA).The operative time,blood loss,and shoulder movement postoperation were analysed.According to the assessment system by MSTS,the function of limb after surgery was assessed.Results Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 24 months (mean,35 months;range,24-52 months).The mean operative time was 172 min(range,150-200min).The mean blood loss was 254 ml (range,150-500 ml).There were no shoulder dislocations at final follow-up.The mean shoulder flexion was 41°(range,20°-60°)and mean shoulder abduction was 42°(range,20°-70°).The mean postoperative functional assessment score of the limb was 66%(range,53%-77%).None of the Datients had a wound infection,traction neuropraxia or died after the surgical procedure.Conclnsion The data suggests that the use of a polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh for proximal humerus reconstruction may reduce dislocations and facilitate soft tissue attachment after tumor resection.     

右美托咪啶对切口痛大鼠中脑导水管去甲肾上腺素释放的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶对切口痛大鼠中脑导水管去甲肾上腺素(NE)释放的影响.方法 成功植入微透析系统的雄性Wistar大鼠24只,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=6),对照组(C组):腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水2 ml,15 min后吸入2%异氟醚;切口痛组(IP组):腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水2 ml,15 min后制备切口痛模型;D组:腹腔注射右美托咪啶30 μg/kg,15 min后制备切口痛模型;拮抗组(DY组):腹腔注射右美托咪啶30 μg/kg和育亨宾0.5 mg/kg,15 min后制备切口痛模型.除DY组外,其余各组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后4 h内每30 min收集微透析液10μl,DY组于术前30 min、术后30、60 min时收集微透析液,采用高效液相色谱仪和电化学检测器测定微透析液NE浓度;DY组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后1 h,其余各组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后1、2、3、4h时测定机械缩足反应阈值(MWT).结果 与C组比较,IP组和DY组术后MWT降低,微透析液NE浓度升高,D组术后微透析液NE浓度升高(P＜0.05),MWT差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与IP组比较,D组和DY组术后MWT升高,微透析液NE浓度降低(P＜0.05);与D组比较,DY组术后MWT降低,微透析液NE浓度升高(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可抑制切口痛大鼠中脑导水管NE的释放,从而产生中枢镇痛作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on norepinephrine(NE)release in midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG)in a rat model of incisional pain.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats in which microdialvsis catheter was successfully placed in the ventrolateral region of PAG without complications were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 each):group control(group C);group incisional pain(group IP);group dexmetomidine(group D)and group dexmedetomidine+yohimbine(group DY).Incisional pain was induced by an incision made into the plantar surface of left hindpaw in IP,D,DY groups.Dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg and dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg+yohimbine 0.5 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally at 15 min before plantar incision in group D and group DY respectively.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(MWT)to von Frey filament stimulation was measured at 30 min before(baseline)and 1,2,3,4 h after operation in C,IP,D groups,and at 30 min before(baseline),and 1 h after operation in group DY.Dialysate samples were collected at 30 min before(baseline)and at evcry 30 min after operation for 4 h via cerebral microdialysis catheter for determination of the NE concentration in C,IP,D groups,and at 30 min before(baseline),30,60 min after operation in group DY.Results Incisional pain significantly decreased MWT and increased the NE concentration in dialysate in group IP.Dexmedetomidine premedication significantly inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and attenuated incisional pain-induced increase in the NE concentration in dialysate in group D.Yohimbine counteracted effects of dexmedetomidine.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has analgesic effect though inhibition of NE release from PAG.     

七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,体重220～260 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚组(S组).I/R组和S组采用夹闭左肾蒂45 min后恢复再灌注的方法 建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型,C组腹部正中切口,右肾切除,左肾蒂游离后,缝合腹腔;S组模型制备前30 min开始吸入2.2%七氟醚和氧气的混合气体至再灌注3 h.于再灌注3 h时采集下腔静脉血样5 ml,测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)浓度,然后取肾组织,光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算细胞凋亡指数,采用RT-PCR和Western blot法测定血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 与C组比较,I/R组和S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度、细胞凋亡指数升高,HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、细胞凋亡指数、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度降低,HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚预先给药可通过抑制细胞凋亡而减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤,其抑制细胞凋亡作用可能与HO-1 mRNA表达上调有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in kidney in rats. Methods Thirty pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 220-260 g were randomized into 3 groups (n=10 each):group control (group C);group I/R and group sevoflurane(group S). Renal I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min in I/R and S groups. In group S inhalation of 2.2% sevoflurane in O2 was started at 30 min before operation and maintained throughout the experiment.Venous blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for determination of serum BUN and Cr concentrations. The animals were then sacrificed and the left kidneys were removed for microscopic examination, detection of apoptosis(by TUNEL)and determination of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) mRNA and protein expression (by RT-PCR and Western blot).Results Renal I/R significantly increased serum BUN and Cr concentrations, apoptotic index(percentage of apoptotic cells) and the severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules (0=normal,4=necrosis of whole segment of proximal convoluted tubules).Sevoflurane inhalation attenuated the I/R-induced changes mentioned above.HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated by I/R and HO-1 mRNA expression was further up-regulated by sevoflurane inhalation.Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment can protect kidney against I/R injury by attenuating cell apoptosis.Up-regulation of HO-1 mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism.     

神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化

目的 评价神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠72只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=24):对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)和神经病理性痛组(NP组).C组不做任何处理,NP组采用结扎并剪断胫神经和腓总神经的方法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型,S组仅切皮暴露坐骨神经但不结扎和剪断神经.于结扎后1、7、14、21 d时采用yon Frey丝测定大鼠机械痛阈.于各时点随机取6只大鼠处死后取损伤侧L5背根神经节和L4,5脊髓,采用免疫荧光标记法测定Nogo-A蛋白的表达(n=3),采用Westernblot法测定Nogo-A蛋白的表达(n=3).结果 与C组和S组比较,NP组大鼠结扎后7、14、21 d时机械痛阈降低,结扎后7、14 d时背根神经节Nogo-A蛋白表达下调,结扎后14、21 d时脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 背根神经节及脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白可能在外周神经损伤诱发大鼠神经病理性痛过程中发挥重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of Nogo-A protein in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP) .Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) : control group (group C) , sham operation group (group S) and NP group. NP was induced by ligation and severance of tibial and common fibular nerves according to the technique described by Isabelle et al. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) to von Frey filament stimulation was measured at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation. Six rats in each group were randomly selected at each time point and sacrificed (3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence, 3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by Western blot) . The L5 DRG and L4,5 segment of spinal cord on the injured side were removed for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Compared with the groups C and S, MWT was significantly decreased at 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation, the expression of Nogo-A protein in the DRG was down-regulated at 7 and 14 days after ligation and the expression of Nogo-A protein in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated at 14 and 21 days after ligation ( P ＜0.05) .Conclusion The Nogo-A protein in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn may play an important role in peripheral nerve injury-induced NP in rats.     

免疫抑制方案的改进对单中心受者移植肾长期存活的影响

目的 探讨免疫抑制方案的调整对移植肾预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月1日至2010年12月31日404例肾移植受者的临床资料与随访结果.受者分为早期移植组(260例)和后期移植组(144例).后期改进的免疫抑制方案包括应用小剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)诱导,术后近期皮质激素快速减量,根据吗替麦考酚酯暴露量调整用药剂量,以及尽可能地减少钙调磷酸酶抑制剂的剂量.比较两组间性别、年龄构成、供肾来源、诱导方案、免疫抑制维持方案、活检证实的急性排斥反应、重症肺部感染发生率及移植后人、肾存活率,COX回归分析上述因素对移植肾存活率的影响.结果 98.3%的受者规则随访,中位随访时间为65个月(1～112个月),7例失访.后期移植组ATG诱导治疗的比例为78.5%,高于早期移植组的31.9%(P<0.01).早期移植组和后期移植组活检证实的急性排斥反应发生率相当,后期移植组重症肺部感染发生率低于早期移植组,后期移植组存活率较早期移植组显著提高.重症肺部感染为影响移植后人、肾存活率的主要因素.结论 后期肾移植疗效较早期有所提高,得益于改进免疫抑制方案后重症肺部感染显著减少,同时未增加活检证实的急性排斥反应的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influence of immunosuppression strategy optimization on the outcomes of the renal transplant recipients in the last decades. Methods Data from 404 renal transplant recipients from Jan. 1st, 2001 to Dec. 31st, 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into early transplant group (n = 260) and late transplant group (n= 144). The change of immunosuppression strategy included a low dose antithymoglobin (ATG) induction, a quick corticosteroid reduction and mycophenolate mofetil therapeutic monitoring with calcineurin inhibitor minimization. Recipients' gender,age, donor type, induction therapy, immunosuppression regime, occurrences of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), severe pulmonary infection and patient/allograft survival were compared between groups. A Cox regression model was used to investigate the factors that influenced the allograft survival. Results The follow-up rate was 98. 3 % in this study. The median follow-up period was 65 month (1-112 months). The proportion of ATG induction in late transplant group was significantly higher than in early transplant group (78. 5 % versus 31. 9 %, P<0. 01). The severe pulmonary infection rate was lower in late transplant group, while the BPAR rate was comparable between two groups. The allograft survival rate was significantly higher in late transplant group. Severe pulmonary infection was correlated with patient/allograft survival in Cox regression model. Conclusion The improvement of outcome in renal transplant recipients in our center is related to the optimization of immunosuppression strategy that reduces the severe pulmonary infection rate with no increase in BPAR.     

牙槽嵴裂植骨同期髂嵴软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的研究牙槽嵴裂植骨手术同时,利用自体髂嵴软骨修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的矫治方法。方法 11～14岁的单侧完全性唇裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者,髂骨松质行牙槽嵴裂处植骨,并将髂嵴软骨移植于鼻背和鼻小柱处,修复唇裂术后鼻畸形。结果 32例患者均Ⅰ期痊愈,患侧口鼻瘘、牙槽嵴裂、鼻翼基部凹陷、鼻小柱偏斜、鼻尖低平等畸形等均得到良好的矫正。结论自体髂嵴软骨移植修复对鼻翼塌陷有良好的支持作用,可以与牙槽嵴裂手术同期施行,可有效矫正唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

手法整复经皮锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨中下段骨折

目的：探讨用手法整复,经皮锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨中下段骨折的临床疗效。方法：2006年1月至2009年10月,采用闭合整复锁定钢板内固定治疗此类损伤46例,男27例,女19例;年龄17～56岁,平均39岁。骨折按AO分型：A型12例,B型24例,C型10例：入院至手术时间2h～3d,伤后患者患肢肿胀,疼痛,可及骨擦音。术后对患者伤口情况,患肢功能,骨折愈合方面进行观察,结果：术后所有病例切口I期愈合,未见感染。骨折的愈合时间为12-18周,平均14周。46例患者获得随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均15个月,疗效结果,治愈40例,好转4例,未愈2例。结论：手法整复锁定钢板内固定治疗此类骨折损伤小、固定可靠、骨折愈合快,功能恢复好．