妇科门诊子宫颈病变常识问卷调查

目的了解我院门诊就诊者对子宫颈病变相关知识的认识。方法自制问卷调查表，采用无记名，当面问卷调查方式。结果从调查100例就诊者中，未做过健康体检、妇科盆腔检查和宫颈刮片检查分别为34例、24例和52例。对宫颈癌的认识不知道者53例。结论建议相关部门加强对妇女的健康教育，提高其健康意识，强化临床医生的防癌意识和对子宫病变的规范化诊治。     

精神分裂症首次发病患者的磁共振弥散张量显像研究

目的探讨从未用过药的精神分裂症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者的重要白质及部分灰质区的磁共振弥散张量显像(DTI)的特点。方法选取9例首发精神分裂症患者(患者组)及9名年龄、性别、受教育程度与患者组相配对的健康者,应用DTI成像技术检测脑额颞交界处、内囊等白质区和颞中回灰质、中央前回、中央后回等灰质区的各向异性(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)及双侧海马体积。结果患者组及对照组组内左右两侧兴趣区FA值及ADC值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组与对照组各感兴趣区FA值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但患者组颞中回灰质(8.655×10-9)、中央前回(7.816×10-9)、中央后回(7.855×10-9)ADC值高于对照组(分别为7.428×10-9,6.921×10-9,7.013×10-9;P=0.049,0.009,0.005);两组内及组间双侧海马体积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者与健康者DTI参数之间没有明显区别。     

神经外科重症监护病房常见病原菌的分布与耐药性研究

目的调查珠江医院神经外科重症监护病房(ICU)病原菌的分布与耐药情况,分析ICU院内感染的发生原因,探讨防治对策。方法应用法国VITEKⅡ全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定病原菌,用纸片扩散法检测药敏结果。结果神经外科ICU菌群主要以革兰阴性杆菌(71.6%)为主,鲍曼不动杆菌占16.7%,大肠埃希菌占15.7%,铜绿假单胞菌占13.7%,肺炎克雷伯菌占13.7%等。但葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌等阳性球菌(28.4%)也有增加的趋势。亚胺培南和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦仍保持最高抗菌活性,细菌的耐药率分别为15.3%和30.6%。结论我院神经外科ICU感染主要病原菌是革兰阴性杆菌,对常用抗菌药物耐药性较高,但革兰阳性球菌所占比例呈增高趋势。控制第二、三代头孢菌素以及制酸剂(质子泵抑制剂)的预防性用药,减少耐药菌株的产生,有针对性地使用抗生素是控制危重病人感染的有效措施。     

Pick’s disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes: A clinical,neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case

We report clinical, neuroradiologic features, and neuropathologic findings of a 76‐year‐old man with coexistent Pick’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The patient presented with loss of recent memory, abnormal behavior and change in personality at the age of 60. The symptoms were progressive. Three years later, repetitive or compulsive behavior became prominent. About 9 years after onset, he had difficulty moving and became bed‐ridden because of a fracture of his left leg. His condition gradually deteriorated and he developed mutism and became vegetative. The patient died from pneumonia 16 years after the onset of symptoms. Serial MRI scans showed progressive cortex atrophy, especially in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Macroscopic inspection showed severe atrophy of the whole brain, including cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. There were Pick cells and argyrophilic Pick bodies, which were tau‐ and ubiquitin‐positive in neurons of layers II–III of the above‐mentioned cortex. Numerous argyrophilic Pick bodies were observed in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate fascia. In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dentate nucleus. Numerous thorned‐astrocytes and coiled bodies but no‐tuft shaped astrocytes were noted in the basal ganglion, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. In conclusion, these histopathological features were compatible with classical Pick’s disease and coexistence with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes.     

MRV检测脑静脉窦血栓的作用

目的探讨磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)用于检测脑静脉窦血栓(CVT)的应用价值。方法8例CVT患者均行MRI标准自旋回波T1WI、T2WI和VEN/3D/PCA。结果VEN/3D/PCA比标准SE序列T1WI和T2WI多检测出CVT3处,与脑血管造影的结果完全相符。结论MRV可以准确无创的诊断CVT。     

前尿道代后尿道成形术治疗男性复杂性后尿道狭窄

目的探讨长段复杂性后尿道狭窄治疗新方法。方法采用分期前尿道代后尿道成形术治疗3例复杂性后尿道长段狭窄（6．5—10．0cm）患者。第一期行阴茎转位尿道端端吻合术，术后3—6个月行二期阴茎伸直、尿道会阴造口术，6个月后行第三期前尿道成形术（Johanson Ⅱ期尿道成形术）。结果例1术后排尿通畅，膀胱尿道造影检查示尿道通畅，双侧输尿管返流近消失，最大尿流率18．8ml／s，随访2年，最大尿流率18ml／s，无剩余尿。例2术后排尿通畅，最大尿流率19．5ml／s，无剩余尿，尿道扩张可顺利通过22F尿道探子。例3经会阴一耻骨联合径路行第一期阴茎转位尿道端端吻合术、尿道直肠瘘、尿道会阴瘘切除、修补术，术后尿道直肠瘘及尿道会阴瘘治愈，但因耻骨联合切口感染致吻合口狭窄，有待进一步治疗。结论分期前尿道代后尿道加前尿道重建方法是治疗男性长段复杂性尿道狭窄的有效方法。     

Cardiac myxoma with glandular component: case report

Cardiac myxoma has varying clinical presentation, uncertain histogenesis and debatable immunohis- tochemical profile. Glandular epithelial differentiation is a rare phenomenon, but glandular elements are known to be present in cardiac myxoma as an intrinsic component of the tumor. We present a case of cardiac myxoma having focal glandular differentiation, with special reference to the morphologic features and immunohistochemical profiles.     

学生考前焦虑状况及人格特征调查

了解高三学生考前焦虑状况、人格特征，为制定应对措施提供依据。     

塞来昔布对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的抑制作用

目的观察塞来昔布对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的抑制作用。方法以SD大鼠为供者,Wistar大鼠为受者,进行40次腹部异位心脏移植。采用HE染色和原位末端标记(TUN EL)技术检测移植心切片,进行排斥反应的病理分级并计算移植心肌细胞的凋亡指数(AI)。结果移植心的细胞凋亡主要发生于心肌细胞;移植后第3、5d,塞来昔布治疗组心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为:1.03±0.42和3.28±2.42;对照组分别为2.35±1.51和11.35±3.46;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论细胞凋亡是心脏移植急性排斥中组织损伤的重要机制;塞来昔布能明显抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者营养与餐后低氧的关系

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者的营养状况与餐后低氧的关系.方法51例COPD急性加重期后的患者连续监测就餐前后SpO2,同时记录饮食情况并换算为各营养素的量.结果营养不良组COPD患者餐后SpO2低于餐前,降低幅度超过3%(P＜0.05),进餐时间相对延长,营养物质摄入减少.SpO2变化与单位体质量总热量的摄入呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论重度COPD患者的营养状况可能与患者进餐后发生的缺氧、低氧血症有关,在营养支持中应考虑采取适当措施干预就餐引起的相关低氧血症的发生.