新时代加强高校师德师风建设的四重向度

师德师风是评价教师队伍素质的第一标准。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记对高校师德师风建设作出一系列重要指示,亲自部署谋划师德师风建设。当前,高校师德师风建设的整体态势是积极良好的,但仍面临协同管理机制有待进一步完善、教师育人意识有待进一步提高、师德培训成效有待进一步深化、评价考核体系有待进一步健全等问题。站在新的历史方位上,高校需着眼于新形势新情况,从构建师德师风建设运行体系、健全师德师风建设引领体系、健全师德师风建设考核体系、打造师德师风建设关怀体系等向度,进一步深化新时代师德师风建设,全面提升高校教师师德水平。     

肺型与进展播散型组织胞浆菌病的临床对比分析

目的：比较肺型与进展播散型组织胞浆菌病的临床特点、诊断及预后差异。 方法：回顾性分析中南大学 湘雅医院2009年2月至2015年10月期间收治的组织胞浆菌病住院患者12例,其中肺型4例,进展播散型8例。从临床表 现、影像学、确诊途径及预后等方面分析两者之间的差异性。 结果：肺型组织胞浆菌病临床表现轻微,干咳多见。 进展播散型患者全身症状明显,极易出现反复高热、全身浅表淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大,可合并咳嗽、腹痛、关节 痛、皮肤改变等。实验室检查示全血细胞减少、肝功能异常、凝血功能异常等。1例肺型患者给予了左下肺切除术, 其余3例肺型及6例进展播散型患者分别给予两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑或氟康唑抗真菌感染治疗, 好转出院,1例播散型确诊后暂未治疗即出院,1例播散型因合并重症肺炎及活动性肺结核治疗无效死亡。结论：组 织胞浆菌病临床少见,极易漏诊或误诊,依靠骨髓涂片、病理组织切片特殊染色明确病原学是目前确诊的主要依 据,推荐两性霉素B脂质体、两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐及伊曲康唑抗感染治疗。     

碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的Meta分析

目的 系统评价碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的有效性和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆,中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普中文期刊全文数据库（VIP）和万方数据库,纳入碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均为建库起至2020年10月,筛选文献并进行质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12项RCTs,1 066例患者。Meta分析结果显示：（1）相对于醋酸钙或碳酸钙单用,碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙显著提高临床有效率[RR=1.32,95% CI=（1.22,1.42）,P<0.01]、降低血磷水平[MD=-0.35,95% CI=（-0.44,-0.27）,P<0.01]、血钙水平[MD=-0.17,95% CI=（-0.23,-0.11）,P<0.01]和免疫反应性甲状旁腺激素水平[MD=-50.44,95% CI=（-69.71,-31.16）,P<0.01],未显著增加不良反应发生率[RR=0.96,95% CI=（0.62,1.50）,P=0.87];（2）相对于碳酸镧单用,碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙显著提高临床有效率[RR=1.26,95% CI=（1.09,1.45）,P<0.01],降低血磷水平[MD=-0.24,95% CI=（-0.31,-0.17）,P<0.01]、免疫反应性甲状旁腺激素水平[MD=-30.09,95% CI=（-52.76,-7.43）,P<0.01],未增加血钙水平[MD=0.09,95% CI=（-0.04,0.23）,P=0.18]和不良反应发生率[RR=1.03,95% CI=（0.46,2.33）,P=0.94]。结论 碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的临床疗效优于醋酸钙或碳酸钙单用和碳酸镧单用,且未显著增加不良反应发生率。     

灵芝菌发酵培养基的优化及灵芝胞外多糖的分离纯化

用正交法研究了不同条件对灵芝菌生长影响,从中选出了灵芝 菌液体深层发酵的优化 培养基：葡萄糖 3.6%,蛋白胨 0.4%,pH 6.0,酵母膏 0.2%,KH2PO40.1%,MgSO 4· 7H2O 0.05%,Vit B1 0.005%,每升发酵液产干菌丝体 15.6 g,粗多糖 0.72 g。 经葡 聚糖凝胶层析对灵芝胞外多糖进行了分离纯化,共有 5 个组分,并用红外光谱、紫外光谱 ,气相色谱等手段进一步分析了灵芝胞外多糖的组成,结果表明灵芝胞外多糖系由甘露糖、 果糖、葡萄糖通过糖 β-D 糖苷键构成。     

肥胖者骨密度与体重及其他体成分关系的研究

目的肥胖易伴发多种慢性疾病。本文探讨肥胖者体重与体成份(脂肪、肌肉)之间的关系及其对临床减重的意义。方法经临床确诊系单纯性肥胖者45例,男17例,女28例。使用美国LunarDPX-L型双能X线吸收测量仪(DXA),测量全身骨、第2~4腰椎、股骨颈骨矿密度(BMD)及体脂肪和肌肉量,并计算体重指数(BMI=W/H2)、体重(kg)/身高(m)即W/H数值进行比较分析。结果男性体重平均94.54±17.41kg,BMI33±4.87。女性体重平均124.37±14.0kg,BMI35.41±6.39。男女两性全身BMD与体重相关,分别为r=0.415,P<0.05,r=0.529,P<0.0025。女性体重与脂肪、肌肉之间呈正相关分别为r=0.522,P<0.0025、r=0.612,P<0.005。男性体重与BMI、W/H及全身肌肉量相关,与脂肪组织无明显相关。男女性W/H较BMI相关系数高。男性全身BMD与全身肌肉量正相关r=0.421,P<0.05。女性全身及股骨颈BMD与脂肪量相关r=0.360,P<0.05、r=0.323,P<0.05。女性全身肌肉量与股骨颈BMD呈正相关r=0.373,P<0.05。结论①肥胖者体重增加,男性以肌肉增加为主,女性脂肪和肌肉都增加;②男性全身骨密度增高与肌肉量增加有关,而女性则主要为脂肪量增加;③女性肌肉、脂肪量与股骨颈BMD密切相关;④体重(kg)/身高(m)比计算体重指数能更准确地反映总体肥胖的程度。     

病毒感染导致的体温升高与血常规的变化关系

目的：分析研究病毒感染导致的体温升高与血常规的变化之间的关系,为临床诊断以及治疗提供重要依据。方法选取2013年5月—2014年5月在妇幼保健院接收的由病毒感染引发的发热病例100例,其中上呼吸道感染者58例（58%）;水痘病毒感染者42例（42%）,分析研究低（37.5～38℃）、中（38.1～39℃）、高热（39.1～40℃）患者的临床血液常规检查特点,根据检查结果对比呼吸道感染毒和水痘病毒血项的不同。结果100例患者平均体温在37.8±0.7℃。其中低温58例（58%）;中温23例（23%）;高温19例（19%）。该研究一共有100例病人,临床血液常规检查正常的一共有17例,占总体的17%,当中白细胞计数平均值在（8.2±2.7）×109/L,淋巴细胞计数百分比平均值在（16±5）%,中性粒细胞百分比平均值在（77.2±8.7）%;低热组病人的临床血液常规异常为79.3%;中度发热组临床血液常规异常为100%,高热组临床血液常规异常为100%,当中以NC升高为主,其次为LC降低,高热组、中热组血常规异常率均高于低热组、高热组、中热组LC降低幅度,NC升高幅度大于低热组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;上呼吸道感染毒组WBC、NC高于水痘病毒感染组,LC低于水痘病毒感染组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论病毒感染者体温升高的同时会伴随血常规异常的发生,上呼吸道感染和水痘病毒感染的血常规异常情况有所不同,应酌情结合患者临床症状采取治疗方案。     

Sevoflurane inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma through regulating miR-146b-5p/NFIB axis

Metabolic Brain Disease - Sevoflurane is a common used inhaled anesthetic that was reported to regulate the progression of multiple cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the function and...     

Strawberry Phytochemicals Inhibit Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 Mice

Human and experimental colon carcinogenesis are enhanced by a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Pharmacologically driven chemopreventive agents and dietary variables are hypothesized to have future roles in the prevention of colon cancer by targeting these processes. The current study was designed to determine the ability of dietary lyophilized strawberries to inhibit inflammation-promoted colon carcinogenesis in a preclinical animal model. Mice were given a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane (10 mg kg⁻¹ body weight). One week after injection, mice were administered 2% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for seven days and then an experimental diet containing chemically characterized lyophilized strawberries for the duration of the bioassay. Mice fed control diet, or experimental diet containing 2.5%, 5.0% or 10.0% strawberries displayed tumor incidence of 100%, 64%, 75% and 44%, respectively (p < 0.05). The mechanistic studies demonstrate that strawberries reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators, suppressed nitrosative stress and decreased phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor kappa B. In conclusion, strawberries target proinflammatory mediators and oncogenic signaling for the preventive efficacies against colon carcinogenesis in mice. This works supports future development of fully characterized and precisely controlled functional foods for testing in human clinical trials for this disease.     

Adsorption characteristics of metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) towards sulfamethoxazole and its persulfate oxidation regeneration

A metal–organic framework, MIL-101(Cr), was used to adsorb sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in water and activated persulfate (PS) oxidation was investigated to regenerate SMZ-saturated MIL-101(Cr). Adsorption and oxidation were combined in this study. MIL-101(Cr) was characterized by SEM, BET, XPS and FT-IR analyses. Effects of various operating parameters on adsorption efficiency were studied. The dosages of persulfate for SMZ desorption and oxidation were investigated. The results showed that the recommended pH was 6–8 for SMZ adsorption and optimum MIL-101(Cr) dosage was 0.1 g L⁻¹. SMZ adsorption by MIL-101(Cr) was a spontaneous process and nearly exothermic. Saturation adsorption capacity was achieved in 180 s and the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption amount of MIL-101(Cr) to SMZ was 181.82 mg g⁻¹ (Langmuir). MIL-101(Cr) also showed good adsorption capacities for sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM). Persulfate was helpful for SMZ desorption from the surface of saturated MIL-101(Cr) and sufficient persulfate could simultaneously oxidize the SMZ. XPS analysis showed that the structure of MIL-101(Cr) was stable after the persulfate oxidation process. Regenerated MIL-101(Cr) had the same level of adsorption capacity as fresh MIL-101(Cr). An adsorption–oxidation combined process may be set up based on the results. This study provides basic data for the deep treatment of organic micropollutants in urban water bodies.

A metal–organic framework, MIL-101(Cr), was used to adsorb sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in water and activated persulfate (PS) oxidation was investigated to regenerate SMZ-saturated MIL-101(Cr).