经尿道2μm激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨采用RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法采用2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌86例,其中单发肿瘤49例,多发肿瘤37例,肿瘤直径0.4～3.0cm,术前病理均提示低级别尿路上皮癌。术后6h膀胱内灌注化疗药物。结果全部手术均成功,手术时间10～45min,平均20min,术中出血极少,无闭孔神经反射及膀胱穿孔、尿外渗,无水中毒。尿管留置5～8d,平均6d。术后82例获随访4～26个月,仅5例(6.1%)非原手术区复发。结论 RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是有效和安全的,术中、术后并发症少,术后复发率低,但对其长远疗效还需进一步观察。     

TNF-α对成骨细胞凋亡作用的探讨

目的 探讨TNF-α诱导成骨细胞凋亡的作用,为绝经后妇女骨质疏松的发生机理和治疗方法的研究提供切实可行的依据。方法 在体外培养成骨细胞的过程中,分别加人不同浓度的TNF-α,用流式细胞仪检测其对成骨细胞的凋亡率。结果 TNF-α15ng/mL组、30ng/mL组对成骨细胞的生长均有显著的抑制作用,其中又以30ng/mL组最明显。结论 TNF-α在一定浓度中对成骨细胞的生长有显著的抑制作用, 尤以30ng/mL组最明显。     

大连市潜水员股骨头坏死发病率的流行病学调查报告

 目的 调查大连市潜水员股骨头坏死发病率。方法 对2010 年1 月至2010 年12 月所有大连市注册在职潜水员855 名进行统一体格检查, 填写调查表, 项目包括身高、体重、血压及髋关节检查。摄髋关节正位及蛙位X线片, 对具有髋部症状但X 线片未见异常者采用MR 检查, 确诊股骨头坏死。结果 调查期间股骨头坏死发病人数为68 例, 发病率为7.95%(68/855)。68 例股骨头坏死患者中Ficat I期12 例12 髋、 II期40 例47 髋、III期3 例3 髋、IV期13 例15 髋。大连市在职潜水员年龄18~55 岁, 平均(32.6±5.5)岁;股骨头坏死发病年龄主要集中于30~50 岁, 占总发病人数的83.82%(57/68), 各年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义。按学历统计发病率的结果为小学10.58%(38/359)、初中6.28%(28/446)、高中4.26%(2/47)、大学(0/3), 各组差异有统计学意义。按工龄统计发病率的结果为5 年内4.55%(20/440)、6~10 年9.69%(28/289)、11~15 年13.04%(12/92)、16~20 年21.05%(4/19)、20 年以上26.67%(4/15), 各组差异有统计学意义。按企业性质统计发病率的结果为个体11.88%(19/160), 私营企业8.41%(38/452), 国家企业4.53%(11/243)。结论 股骨头坏死在潜水员中有较高的发病率, 不同的工作条件、工作时间发病率差异较大。     

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic angiomyolipoma

Background

Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare liver tumor. This paper summarized the clinical, radiological and pathological features of HAML.

Methods

Seventeen cases of HAML were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were subjected to surgical resection of tumor, one of which was performed emergency surgery because of hemorrhage of tumor.

Results

There are 13 females and 4 males, most of whom were asymptotic except 4 had minimal abdominal discomfort. US, CT and/or MRI were taken and corresponding data was comprehensively analyzed with other clinical signs and symptoms. Correct preoperative diagnosis was able to be achieved in 9 patients. Pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry of HMB-45 was used as final diagnosis. All patients were followed up and survived without recurrence.

Conclusions

Preoperative diagnosis of HAML can be benefited from comprehensive analysis of clinical manifestations. The malignant potential and fast growth of tumor suggested surgical removal of tumor while it was diagnosed.Key Words: Hepatic tumor, angiomyolipoma, diagnosis, surgery     

双固化树脂核冠与纤维桩核冠修复不同牙体剩余厚度磨牙残冠的临床对比研究

目的:比较双固化树脂核冠与纤维桩核冠两种方法修复不同牙体剩余厚度磨牙残冠的成功率,探讨不同残冠剩余牙体厚度对两种修复方法临床效果的影响.方法:收集96例经完善根管治疗的牙体缺损磨牙病例,按牙体预备后残留牙体厚度为1.0m及2.0mm分为两组备48例,每组随机各选择24例分别采用双固化树脂制作树脂核后全冠修复及纤维桩全冠修复,修复后12个月比较两种修复方法对不同牙体厚度残冠的修复效果.结果:牙体剩余厚度为1.0mm时,双固化树脂核冠组的成功率为91.7％,纤维桩核冠组的成功率为95.8％,组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05);牙体剩余厚度为2.0mm时,双固化树脂核冠组的成功率为100.0％,纤维桩核冠组的成功率为100.0％,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:磨牙残冠剩余牙体厚度大于等于1mm时,双固化树脂核冠及纤维桩核冠修复效果相同,但双固化树脂核冠修复临床操作更为简便.     

The association of concurrent vitamin D and sex hormone deficiency with bone loss and fracture risk in older men: The osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study

Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (VitD), low sex hormones (SH), and high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are common in older men. We tested the hypothesis that combinations of low VitD, low SH, and high SHBG would have a synergistic effect on bone mineral density (BMD), bone loss, and fracture risk in older men. Participants were a random subsample of 1468 men (mean age 74 years) from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) plus 278 MrOS men with incident nonspine fractures studied in a case‐cohort design. “Abnormal” was defined as lowest quartile for VitD (<20 ng/mL), bioavailable testosterone (BioT, <163 ng/dL), and bioavailable estradiol (BioE, <11 pg/mL); and highest quartile for SHBG (>59 nM). Overall, 10% had isolated VitD deficiency; 40% had only low SH or high SHBG; 15% had both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality; and 35% had no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, those with both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality tended to be older, more obese, and to report less physical activity. Isolated VitD deficiency, and low BioT with or without low VitD, was not significantly related to skeletal measures. The combination of VitD deficiency with low BioE and/or high SHBG was associated with significantly lower baseline BMD and higher annualized rates of hip bone loss than SH abnormalities alone or no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for incident nonspine fracture during 4.6‐year median follow‐up was 1.2 (0.8–1.8) for low VitD alone; 1.3 (0.9–1.9) for low BioE and/or high SHBG alone; and 1.6 (1.1–2.5) for low BioE/high SHBG plus low VitD. In summary, adverse skeletal effects of low sex steroid levels were more pronounced in older men with low VitD levels. The presence of low VitD in the presence of low BioE/high SHBG may contribute substantially to poor skeletal health. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

肠源性内毒素与Treg在重症急性胰腺炎肝损伤中的作用

目的 探讨肠源性内毒素(ET)及CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肝损伤中的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分成假手术组(SO组)和SAP组.逆行性胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠造模.分别于术后3、6、12 h留取标本,检测血淀粉酶及丙氨酸转氨酶水平,鲎试剂法测血浆内毒素含量,流式细胞术测外周血Treg百分数,肝脏及胰腺行病理组织学观察,免疫组化法测肝脏组织Foxp3表达,并对以上指标进行相关性分析.结果 病理组织学观察及丙氨酸转氨酶水平证实,SAP组肝脏出现病理性形态改变.与SO组相比,SAP各组Treg百分数显著升高(SAP组3、6、12h分别为:2.26％±0.32％、2.36％±0.48％、2.80％±0.35％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).SAP各组ET水平与SO组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与12 h(0.85±0.11)相比,3 h(0.74±0.11)和6 h(0.78±0.07)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SAP各组肝脏Foxp3蛋白表达明显上调,Treg的表达与ET呈正相关(r=0.89,P＜0.01).结论 SAP可致肝损伤,ET与Treg细胞在SAP肝损伤中可能发挥重要作用.     

全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤72例临床分析

目的 探讨和评价全神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路切除垂体瘤的手术技巧及临床应用价值.方法 2009年1月至2012年3月,完成72例单纯神经内镜经鼻-蝶垂体瘤切除术,回顾性分析患者术前、术后症状及激素水平变化、影像学资料、手术资料、并发症、随访资料等. 结果 72例病例中非功能性腺瘤22例(30.6％),泌乳素腺瘤24例(33.3％),生长激素腺瘤7例(9.7％),促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤5例(6.9％),促甲状腺激素腺瘤1例(1.4％),多分泌性腺瘤13例(18.1％);肿瘤全切除56例(77.8％),次全切除13例(18.0％),部分切除3例(4.2％);并发脑脊液漏5例,出现短暂性尿崩6例.术后随访3 ～ 24个月,大部分功能性腺瘤术后激素基本恢复正常水平,术后1例视力变差,其余患者症状亦基本恢复正常. 结论 全神经内镜经鼻蝶手术切除垂体腺瘤是一项安全、微创、有效的方法,具有全程直视下切除肿瘤的优点,但系统、专业的训练及相应的设备是必不可少的.     

阿片受体在瑞芬太尼减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨阿片受体在瑞芬太尼减轻肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠75 只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为5组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)、纳洛酮组(N组)、纳洛酮+瑞芬太尼组(NR组).采用夹闭双侧肾动脉45 min再恢复灌注的方法制备大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤模型.R组和NR组于缺血前15 min至再灌注30 min尾静脉输注瑞芬太尼1.0 μg·kg-1 ·min-1,S组、I/R组和N组输注等容量生理盐水;N组和NR组于缺血前20 min及间隔55 min分别尾静脉注射纳洛酮0.3 mg/kg,S组,I/R组和R组注射等容量生理盐水.再灌注24 h时采集股静脉血样和抽取膀胱尿样,用于测定血清Cr和BUN浓度及尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)水平.随后取肾组织,采用黄嘌呤氧化法和硫代巴比妥酸法分别测定SOD活性及MDA含量,并于光镜下观察肾脏病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,其他4组血清Cr和BUN浓度、尿NAG和γ-GT水平及肾组织MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低(P＜0.05或0.01),其肾组织有不同程度病理学损伤.与I/R组比较,R组血清Cr和BUN浓度,尿NAG和γ-GT水平及肾组织MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高(P＜0.01),其肾组织病理学改变明显减轻;而N组和NR组以上各指标的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肾组织病理学改变相似;与R组比较,N组和NR组血清Cr和BUN浓度、尿NAG和γ-GT水平及肾组织MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 阿片受体介导了瑞芬太尼减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用.