烧伤所致代谢紊乱的临床诊断与治疗

烧伤后机体应激导致代谢紊乱，表现为严重高分解代谢，机体损耗和抵抗力下降，严重影响患者预后。临床上主要采用生理营养指标、实验室诊断指标和能量消耗测定3类检测指标对机体代谢状况进行诊断评估，继而通过药物治疗结合非药物治疗手段加以调理支持，促进烧伤修复。目前，仍有多种诊断治疗方法尚未普及或有待完善。     

广东省梅县重点人群碘营养状况调查分析

Objective To estimate the present salt iodine content and iodine nutrition need of high risk population of iodine deficiency disorder in Meixian County. Methods Each primary school was selected from urban and rural areas(Xiyang Town, 20 kilometers away from Meixian County), the goiter rate of 8 to 10 year-old students was examined and urinary iodine and household salt iodine was sampled. Twenty to 40 year-old women of childbearing age nearby schools around the urban and villages around Xiyang Town were selected to collect their urine and salt samples. At urban hospitals and rural health centers, 0 to 2 year-old infant urine samples were collected, Thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine was determined by iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry, salt iodine was determined by direct titration. Results The goiter rates of 8 to 10 year-old students were 1.5 % (3/200), 1.0% (1/100) for the urban area and 2.0% (2/100) for rural area. Median of urinary iodine in 8 to 10 year-old students, infants, women of childbearing age averaged at 237.1 μg/L and 280.1, 234.7,187.6 μg/L respectively, with each being 287.4,245.0,205.5 μg/L in urban area and 278.9,228.5,176.4 μg/L in rural area. Women of childbearing age had a higher percentage of urinary iodine < 50.0 μg/L than students,students had a higher percentage than infants, each being 7.5%(15/200), 4.5%(9/200), 4.0%(4/100). The ration of urinary iodine > 300.0 μg/L was more in infants than in students, that in students was more than that in women of childbearing age, each being 33.0% (33/100), 30.0% (60/200),22.5% (45/200). The median of salt iodine was 27.2 mg/kg. The coverage of iodized salt was 100.0%(400/400). Ninty-seven percent(194/200) and 96.0% (192/200) of qualified iodized salt were consumed in urban area and in rural area. Conclusions The amount of iodine added to salt meets the requirement in the 3 kinds population risk of iodine deficiency disorder. But a higher iodine status has been found out in students and infants. It is reasonable to decrease the present salt iodine content.     

经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术(percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty,PCN)治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及其对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法:对我院2003年7月～2005年6月因颈椎间盘突出症住院行PCN治疗的64例患者进行回顾性研究,根据手术间隙分为两组:单间隙组(A组)34例,多间隙组(B组)30例。临床效果评价采用JOA评分标准(17分制并计算改善率),颈椎稳定性评价采用Katsumi标准。比较两组的临床效果及颈椎稳定性。结果:随访6～24个月,A组平均14.1±3.7个月,B组平均13.9±3.8个月,A组术前JOA评分为9.19±2.64分,术后为14.37±1.42分,改善率为66.3%;B组术前JOA评分为8.89±2.31分,术后为14.33±1.28分,改善率为67.1%,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001),两组患者的JOA评分改善率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后颈椎稳定性与术前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCN治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症效果优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳。     

下腔静脉损伤的救治经验：附12例报告

目的: 探讨下腔静脉损伤的修复方法。方法:对12例下腔静脉损伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:闭合性损伤9例，开放性损伤3例。入院时均伴有休克。均诊断为腹腔内脏损伤，无1例诊断为下腔静脉损伤。12例均手术治疗，直视下修复5例，大网膜填塞后肝实质大块褥式缝合2例，纱布填塞5例。术后并发症7例（58.3%）：胆漏1例，隔下脓肿合并反应性右侧胸腔积液2例，创伤性肝囊肿1例，腔静脉血栓形成1例，大出血2例；死亡3例，病死率25.0%。 结论:腔静脉损伤病情凶险，处理困难，病死率高，改良的全肝血流阻断下行纱布填塞止血效果好，抢救成功率高，值得推广。     

蜂毒和风痛宁穴位注射治疗骨关节炎468例

目的　探索骨关节炎新的有效治疗途径。方法　运用纯中药制剂蜂毒注射液和风痛宁注射液穴位注射治疗本病 ,并与局封治疗作对照比较。结果　治疗组总有效率为 92 .5 2 % ,对照组为 77.0 0 % ,两组比较有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且两组副作用、复发时间均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　蜂毒和风痛宁穴位注射治疗本病疗效优于局封治疗 ,且能减少副作用 ,延长复发时间。     

何以解忧惟有监管

没有监督的权力会导致腐败，这是一个显而易见的道理。尽管每一组织、机构、行业乃至个人都必须建立和遵从各自的行业道德和职业操守，但保证每个社会单元都能进退有序，除了建章立制的条令约束，更需要来自第三方的行之有效的监管。事关民生疾苦的医疗卫生无疑首当其冲。     

Visiting experiences in Nursing School of Hong Kong PolytechnicUniversity

I was honored to study the undergraduate course in Hong Kong Polytechnic University for 4 months in 2006, experienced the characteristic and teaching mode of Hong Kong nursing education on undergraduate course personally. Make an introduction from respects such as course offered, teaching method, educational idea, examination way, etc. now, and compare with domestic nursing education.     

重症急性胰腺炎预防性抗生素治疗的荟萃分析

目的通过对有关文献的荟萃分析,探讨预防性抗生素治疗在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)中的作用.方法检索1966年到2004年8月期间发表的有关预防性抗生素治疗SAP的作用方面的随机对照临床试验(RCT).按照入选标准,有6项临床试验纳入本研究,由2名作者各自独立地对入选研究中有关试验设计、研究对象的特征、研究结果等内容进行摘录,并用RevMan4.2软件进行分析.结果在SAP患者中,使用能在胰腺组织中达到有效浓度的广谱抗生素并不能减少胰腺感染(RR ＝ 0.77,95%可信区间为0.48 ～ 1.24,P ＝ 0.28),也不能减少手术干预(RR ＝ 0.84,95%可信区间为0.40～1.74,P ＝ 0.64),更不能降低死亡率(RR ＝ 0.54,95%可信区间为0.28 ～ 1.04,P ＝ 0.07),只有胰外感染的发生率有一定的减少(RR ＝ 0.52,95%可信区间为0.31 ～ 0.88,P ＝ 0.01).结论不建议在SAP患者中不加选择地预防性使用抗生素,但对于CT证实的坏死性胰腺炎,可以考虑抗生素预防性治疗.     

通用引物PCR-SSCP技术分析16Sr RNA基因特征快速鉴定细菌

目的探讨通用引物聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术在细菌检测中的应用.方法选取9种常见的细菌,采用通用引物对细菌的16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增,产物进行单链构象多态性分析,并以标准菌株为对照.结果一对引物扩增产物SSCP图谱各细菌之间难以区别;两对引物扩增产物SSCP图谱条带数目、相对迁移率及条带之间的间距存在明显,可相互区别;3种细菌的标准菌株和临床菌株的SSCP图谱完全一致.结论采用针对16SrRNA的通用引物PCR-SSCP技术以标准菌株为对照可方便快捷地检测细菌.     

论传统文化在艾滋病预防中的作用

当前,在艾滋病的防治工作中,对使用避孕套的安全性行为极为重视,而对性行为本身是否需要节制则较少言及.以传统文化去规制性行为具有可能性和可行性,同时,有助于产生自律的行动,阻止艾滋病和性传播疾病的蔓延.